@article {ISI:000348463100008,
	title = {{Forever competent: deep-sea bivalves are colonized by their chemosynthetic symbionts throughout their lifetime}},
	journal = {ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY},
	volume = {16},
	number = {12, SI},
	year = {2014},
	month = {dec},
	pages = {3699{\textendash}3713},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Symbiotic bivalves at hydrothermal vents and cold seeps host chemosynthetic bacteria intracellularly in gill cells. In bivalves, the gills grow continuously throughout their lifetime by forming new filaments. We examined how newly developed gill tissues are colonized in bivalves with horizontal and vertical symbiont transmission (Bathymodiolus mussels versus a vesicoymid clam) using fluorescence in situ hybridization and transmission electron microscopy. Symbiont colonization was similar in mussels and clams and was independent of the transmission modes. Symbionts were absent in the growth zones of the gills, indicating that symbionts colonize newly formed gill filaments de novo after they are formed and that gill colonization is a continuous process throughout the host{\textquoteright}s lifetime. Symbiont abundance and distribution suggested that colonization is shaped by the developmental stage of host cells. Self-infection, in which new gill cells are colonized by symbionts from ontogenetically older gill tissues, may also play a role. In mussels, symbiont infection led to changes in gill cell structure similar to those described from other epithelial cells infected by intracellular pathogens, such as the loss of microvilli. A better understanding of the factors that affect symbiont colonization of bivalve gills could provide new insights into interactions between intracellular bacteria and epithelial tissues.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {1462-2912},
	doi = {10.1111/1462-2920.12597},
	author = {Wentrup, Cecilia and Wendeberg, Annelie and Schimak, Mario and Borowski, Christian and Dubilier, Nicole}
}
@article {ISI:000295134600001,
	title = {{In situ measurements of hydrogen sulfide, oxygen, and temperature in diffuse fluids of an ultramafic-hosted hydrothermal vent field (Logatchev, 14 degrees 45 {\textquoteleft} N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge): Implications for chemosymbiotic bathymodiolin mussels}},
	journal = {GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS},
	volume = {12},
	year = {2011},
	month = {sep},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The Logatchev hydrothermal vent field (14 degrees 45{\textquoteright}N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge) is located in a ridge segment characterized by mantle-derived ultramafic outcrops. Compared to basalt-hosted vents, Logatchev high-temperature fluids are relatively low in sulfide indicating that the diffuse, low-temperature fluids of this vent field may not contain sufficient sulfide concentrations to support a chemosymbiotic invertebrate community. However, the high abundances of bathymodiolin mussels with bacterial symbionts related to free-living sulfur-oxidizing bacteria suggested that bioavailable sulfide is present at Logatchev. To clarify, if diffuse fluids above mussel beds of Bathymodiolus puteoserpentis provide the reductants and oxidants needed by their symbionts for aerobic sulfide oxidation, in situ microsensor measurements of dissolved hydrogen sulfide and oxygen were combined with simultaneous temperature measurements. High temporal fluctuations of all three parameters were measured above the mussel beds. H2S and O-2 coexisted with mean concentrations between 9 and 31 mu M (H2S) and 216 and 228 mu M (O-2). Temperature maxima ({\textless}= 7.4 degrees C) were generally concurrent with H2S maxima ({\textless}= 156 mu M) and O-2 minima ({\textgreater}= 142 mu M). Long-term measurements for 250 days using temperature as a proxy for oxygen and sulfide concentrations indicated that the mussels were neither oxygen limited nor sulfide limited. Our in situ measurements at Logatchev indicate that sulfide may also be bioavailable in diffuse fluids from other ultramafic-hosted vents along slow and ultraslow spreading ridges. Components: 12,100 words, 9 figures, 4 tables.},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {1525-2027},
	doi = {10.1029/2011GC003632},
	author = {Zielinski, Frank U and Gennerich, Hans-Hermann and Borowski, Christian and Wenzhoefer, Frank and Dubilier, Nicole}
}
