@article {RN2529,
	title = {Archaeal lipid diversity, alteration, and preservation at the Cathedral Hill deep sea hydrothermal vent, Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California, and its implications regarding the deep time preservation paradox},
	journal = {Organic Geochemistry},
	volume = {163},
	year = {2022},
	type = {Journal Article},
	issn = {0146-6380},
	doi = {10.1016/j.orggeochem.2021.104302},
	author = {Bentley, J. N. and Ventura, G. T. and Dalzell, C. J. and Walters, C. C. and Peters, C. A. and Mennito, A. S. and Nelson, R. K. and Reddy, C. M. and Seewald, J. S. and Sievert, S. M.}
}
@article {RN2497,
	title = {Archaeal lipid diversity, alteration, preservation at Cathedral Hill, Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California, and its link to the deep time preservation paradox},
	journal = {Organic Geochemistry},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {104302},
	type = {Journal Article},
	doi = {10.1016/j.orggeochem.2021.104302},
	url = {https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1140741982},
	author = {Bentley, Jeremy N. and Ventura, G. Todd and Dalzell, Connor J. and Walters, Clifford C. and Peters, Carl A. and Mennito, Anthony S. and Nelson, Robert K. and Reddy, Christopher M. and Seewald, Jeffrey S. and Sievert, Stefan M.}
}
@article {RN2446,
	title = {Bacterial symbiont subpopulations have different roles in a deep-sea symbiosis},
	journal = {eLife},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {e58371},
	type = {Journal Article},
	doi = {10.7554/elife.58371},
	url = {https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1134365242 https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.58371},
	author = {Hinzke, Tjorven and Kleiner, Manuel and Meister, Mareike and Schl{\"u}ter, Rabea and Hentschker, Christian and Pan{\'e}-Farr{\'e}, Jan and Hildebrandt, Petra and Felbeck, Horst and Sievert, Stefan M. and Bonn, Florian and V{\"o}lker, Uwe and Becher, D{\"o}rte and Schweder, Thomas and Markert, Stephanie}
}
@article {RN2513,
	title = {Deep sea without limits-four new closely related species of Emertonia Wilson, 1932 (Copepoda: Harpacticoida: Paramesochridae) show characters with a world- wide distribution},
	journal = {Zootaxa},
	volume = {5051},
	number = {1},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {443-486},
	type = {Journal Article},
	issn = {1175-5326},
	doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.5051.1.18},
	author = {Mathiske, A. and Thistle, D. and Gheerardyn, H. and Veit-Kohler, G.}
}
@article {RN2511,
	title = {Geothermal heating and episodic cold-seawater intrusions into an isolated ridge-flank basin near the Mid-Atlantic Ridge},
	journal = {Communications Earth \& Environment},
	volume = {2},
	number = {1},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {226},
	type = {Journal Article},
	doi = {10.1038/s43247-021-00297-2},
	url = {https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1142242361},
	author = {Becker, Keir and Thomson, Richard E. and Davis, Earl E. and Villinger, Heinrich and Wheat, C. Geoffrey}
}
@article {RN2460,
	title = {Hydrocarbon transformations in sediments from the Cathedral Hill hydrothermal vent complex at Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California-A chemometric study of shallow seep architecture},
	journal = {Organic Geochemistry},
	volume = {152},
	year = {2021},
	type = {Journal Article},
	issn = {0146-6380},
	doi = {10.1016/j.orggeochem.2020.104173},
	author = {Dalzell, C. J. and Ventura, G. T. and Walters, C. C. and Nelson, R. K. and Reddy, C. M. and Seewald, J. S. and Sievert, S. M.}
}
@article {RN2519,
	title = {The influence of near surface sediment hydrothermalism on the TEX<sub>86</sub> tetraether lipid-based proxy and a new correction for ocean bottom lipid overprinting},
	journal = {Biogeosciences Discussions},
	volume = {2021},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {1-31},
	type = {Journal Article},
	doi = {10.5194/bg-2021-245},
	url = {https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1142669164 http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-2021-245},
	author = {Bentley, Jeremy N. and Ventura, Gregory T. and Walters, Clifford C. and Sievert, Stefan M. and Seewald, Jeffrey S.}
}
@article {RN2441,
	title = {Aerobic and anaerobic iron oxidizers together drive denitrification and carbon cycling at marine iron-rich hydrothermal vents},
	journal = {Isme Journal},
	year = {2020},
	type = {Journal Article},
	issn = {1751-7362},
	doi = {10.1038/s41396-020-00849-y},
	author = {McAllister, S. M. and Vandzura, R. and Keffer, J. L. and Polson, S. W. and Chan, C. R. S.}
}
@article {RN2450,
	title = {Allopatric and Sympatric Drivers of Speciation in Alviniconcha Hydrothermal Vent Snails},
	journal = {Molecular Biology and Evolution},
	volume = {37},
	number = {12},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {3469-3484},
	type = {Journal Article},
	issn = {0737-4038},
	doi = {10.1093/molbev/msaa177},
	author = {Breusing, C. and Johnson, S. B. and Tunnicliffe, V. and Clague, D. A. and Vrijenhoek, R. C. and Beinart, R. A.}
}
@article {RN2428,
	title = {Allopatric and sympatric drivers of speciation in Alviniconcha hydrothermal vent snails},
	journal = {Molecular Biology and Evolution},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {msaa177},
	type = {Journal Article},
	doi = {10.1093/molbev/msaa177},
	url = {https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1129111732 https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article-pdf/doi/10.1093/molbev/msaa177/33491520/msaa177.pdf},
	author = {Breusing, Corinna and Johnson, Shannon B. and Tunnicliffe, Verena and Clague, David A. and Vrijenhoek, Robert C. and Beinart, Roxanne A.}
}
@article {RN2414,
	title = {"Candidatus Ethanoperedens," a Thermophilic Genus of Archaea Mediating the Anaerobic Oxidation of Ethane},
	journal = {Mbio},
	volume = {11},
	number = {2},
	year = {2020},
	type = {Journal Article},
	issn = {2150-7511},
	doi = {10.1128/mBio.00600-20},
	author = {Hahn, C. J. and Laso-Perez, R. and Vulcano, F. and Vaziourakis, K. M. and Stokke, R. and Steen, I. H. and Teske, A. and Boetius, A. and Liebeke, M. and Amann, R. and Knittel, K. and Wegener, G.}
}
@article {RN2412,
	title = {A depth cline in deep-sea octopods (Cephalopoda: Graneledone) in the northeast Pacific Ocean},
	journal = {Bulletin of Marine Science},
	volume = {96},
	number = {2},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {323-339},
	type = {Journal Article},
	issn = {0007-4977},
	doi = {10.5343/bms.2019.0039},
	author = {Voight, J. R. and Kurth, J. A. and Strauss, R. E. and Strugnell, J. M. and Allcock, A. L.}
}
@article {RN2425,
	title = {Hydrocarbon migration pathway and methane budget for a Gulf of Mexico natural seep site: Green Canyon 600},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {545},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {116411},
	type = {Journal Article},
	doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116411},
	url = {https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1128798049},
	author = {Johansen, C. and Macelloni, L. and Natter, M. and Silva, M. and Woosley, M. and Woolsey, A. and Diercks, A. R. and Hill, J. and Viso, R. and Marty, E. and Lobodin, V. V. and Shedd, W. and Joye, S. B. and MacDonald, I. R.}
}
@article {RN2384,
	title = {Evidence for Low-Temperature Diffuse Venting at North Pond, Western Flank of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge},
	journal = {Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems},
	volume = {20},
	number = {6},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {2572-2584},
	type = {Journal Article},
	issn = {1525-2027},
	doi = {10.1029/2018GC008113},
	author = {Villinger, H. W. and Muller, P. and Bach, W. and Becker, K. and Orcutt, B. N. and Kaul, N. and Wheat, C. G.}
}
@article {RN2370,
	title = {Ocean Dumping of Containerized DDT Waste Was a Sloppy Process},
	journal = {Environmental Science \& Technology},
	volume = {53},
	number = {6},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {2971-2980},
	type = {Journal Article},
	issn = {0013-936X},
	doi = {10.1021/acs.est.8b05859},
	author = {Kivenson, V. and Lemkau, K. L. and Pizarro, O. and Yoerger, D. R. and Kaiser, C. and Nelson, R. K. and Carmichael, C. and Paul, B. G. and Reddy, C. M. and Valentine, D. L.}
}
@article {RN2399,
	title = {Pn Tomography of the Juan de Fuca and Gorda Plates: Implications for Mantle Deformation and Hydration in the Oceanic Lithosphere},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth},
	volume = {124},
	number = {8},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {8565-8583},
	type = {Journal Article},
	issn = {2169-9313},
	doi = {10.1029/2019JB017707},
	author = {VanderBeek, B. P. and Toomey, D. R.}
}
@article {RN2366,
	title = {Subseafloor Temperature Variations Influenced by Variations in Bottom Water Temperature and Pressure: New High Resolution Observations and Implications},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth},
	volume = {124},
	number = {1},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {76-87},
	type = {Journal Article},
	issn = {2169-9313},
	doi = {10.1029/2018JB016151},
	author = {Davis, E. E. and Villinger, H.}
}
@article {RN2347,
	title = {Clusters of deep-sea egg-brooding octopods associated with warm fluid discharge: An ill-fated fragment of a larger, discrete population?},
	journal = {Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
	volume = {135},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {1-8},
	type = {Journal Article},
	issn = {0967-0637},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2018.03.011},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S096706371730256X},
	author = {Hartwell, Anne M. and Voight, Janet R. and Wheat, C. Geoffrey}
}
@article {RN2357,
	title = {Five new deep-sea species of nudibranchs (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia: Cladobranchia) from the Northeast Pacific},
	journal = {Zootaxa},
	volume = {4526},
	number = {4},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {401-433},
	type = {Journal Article},
	issn = {1175-5326},
	doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.4526.4.1},
	author = {Valdes, A. and Lundsten, L. and Wilson, N. G.}
}
@article {2480,
	title = {Metals in bivalve mollusks from the Jaco Scar seep, Pacific, Costa Rica},
	journal = {Revista de biologia tropical},
	volume = {66},
	year = {2018},
	month = {2018},
	pages = {S269 - S279},
	author = {Vargas, Jose A. and Hilton, David R. and Ramirez, Carlos and Molina, Johan}
}
@article {2477,
	title = {Radium isotopes as tracers of hydrothermal inputs and neutrally buoyant plume dynamics in the deep ocean},
	journal = {Marine Chemistry},
	volume = {201},
	year = {2018},
	month = {2018},
	pages = {51 - 65},
	issn = {0304-4203},
	doi = {10.1016/j.marchem.2017.06.011},
	author = {Kipp, Lauren E. and Sanial, Virginie and Henderson, Paul B. and van Beek, Pieter and Reyss, Jean-Louis and Hammond, Douglas E. and Moore, Willard S. and Charette, Matthew A.}
}
@article {LaBella2017,
	title = {{Gene flow between Atlantic and Pacific Ocean basins in three lineages of deep-sea clams (Bivalvia: Vesicomyidae: Pliocardiinae) and subsequent limited gene flow within the Atlantic}},
	journal = {Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
	volume = {137},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {307{\textendash}317},
	abstract = {Pliocardiin (vesicomyid) clams rely on microbial symbionts for nutrition and are obligate inhabitants of deep-sea chemosynthetic ecosystems. Unlike many other invertebrate hosts of chemosynthetic microbes, pliocardiin clams are found in every ocean in a variety of reducing habitats, including hydrothermal vents, cold seeps, organic falls and deep-sea fans. The global distribution of pliocardiin clams suggests historical gene flow between ocean basins. We focus on 3 pliocardiin genera{\textemdash}{\textquoteleft}Pliocardia{\textquoteright} I, Calyptogena and Abyssogena{\textemdash}each of which has a pair of sister clades in the Atlantic and Pacific. Our work tests the hypothesis that historical gene flow between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans within these genera was interrupted by the closure of the Panamanian seaway and tests whether isolation between the ocean basins is the result of vicariance or past colonization. These questions are investigated in the context of fossil evidence, biogeography and phylogenetics. This study revealed a set of substitution rates consistent with other invertebrate studies ($μ$=0.8{\%}/My/lineage), and a set consistent with much lower rates often attributed to deep-sea organisms ($μ$=0.3{\%}/My/lineage). Among the Pacific/Atlantic sister pairs, {\textquoteleft}Pliocardia{\textquoteright} I COI divergence per lineage is intermediate (2.5{\%}), Calyptogena is the highest (6.1{\%}) and Abyssogena the lowest (0.8{\%}). The substitution rates suggest that {\textquoteleft}Pliocardia{\textquoteright} I and Calyptogena have histories of at least 2.8 My in the Atlantic, with Calyptogena likely older. The slower rate, however, is inconsistent with both the maximum age of the family and several well studied fossils: leaving the faster rate preferred. With the faster rate, the Abyssogena southwardae clade diverged from its Pacific sister clade around 1 Mya, which likely post-dates the closure of the Isthmus of Panama and the opening of the Bering Strait. In light of this recent divergence, we test the previously proposed hypothesis that there is a high level of ongoing gene flow between Atlantic populations of A. southwardae. A. southwardae has colonized a broad geographic range of seep sites including the West Florida Escarpment, the Barbados Accretionary Prism, the Lobes of Congo, and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge north and south of the Romanche Transform Fault. Coalescent methods detect gene flow between Barbados and the Mid-Atlantic ridge; and between the West Florida Escarpment and the Lobes of Congo. All other comparisons failed to detect gene flow, contrary to prevailing interpretations of connectivity across the entire Atlantic Basin.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle), ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2016.08.013},
	author = {LaBella, A L and Van Dover, C L and Jollivet, D and Cunningham, C W}
}
@article {Billings2017,
	title = {{SyPRID sampler: A large-volume, high-resolution, autonomous, deep-ocean precision plankton sampling system}},
	journal = {Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
	volume = {137},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {297{\textendash}306},
	abstract = {The current standard for large-volume (thousands of cubic meters) zooplankton sampling in the deep sea is the MOCNESS, a system of multiple opening{\textendash}closing nets, typically lowered to within 50 m of the seabed and towed obliquely to the surface to obtain low-spatial-resolution samples that integrate across 10 s of meters of water depth. The SyPRID (Sentry Precision Robotic Impeller Driven) sampler is an innovative, deep-rated (6000 m) plankton sampler that partners with the Sentry Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) to obtain paired, large-volume plankton samples at specified depths and survey lines to within 1.5 m of the seabed and with simultaneous collection of sensor data. SyPRID uses a perforated Ultra-High-Molecular-Weight (UHMW) plastic tube to support a fine mesh net within an outer carbon composite tube (tube-within-a-tube design), with an axial flow pump located aft of the capture filter. The pump facilitates flow through the system and reduces or possibly eliminates the bow wave at the mouth opening. The cod end, a hollow truncated cone, is also made of UHMW plastic and includes a collection volume designed to provide an area where zooplankton can collect, out of the high flow region. SyPRID attaches as a saddle-pack to the Sentry vehicle. Sentry itself is configured with a flight control system that enables autonomous survey paths to low altitudes. In its verification deployment at the Blake Ridge Seep (2160 m) on the US Atlantic Margin, SyPRID was operated for 6 h at an altitude of 5 m. It recovered plankton samples, including delicate living larvae, from the near-bottom stratum that is seldom sampled by a typical MOCNESS tow. The prototype SyPRID and its next generations will enable studies of plankton or other particulate distributions associated with localized physico-chemical strata in the water column or above patchy habitats on the seafloor.},
	keywords = {AUV Sentry (Autonomous Underwater Vehicle)},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2016.05.007},
	author = {Billings, A and Kaiser, C and Young, C M and Hiebert, L S and Cole, E and Wagner, J K S and Van Dover, C L}
}
@article {Mevenkamp2016,
	title = {{Experimental evidence for selective settlement of meiofauna from two distinct environments after sediment suspension}},
	journal = {Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology},
	volume = {474},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {195{\textendash}203},
	abstract = {The cosmopolitan distribution of many meiofaunal organisms raises questions about their dispersal. The small size and the lack of a planktonic life stage of most meiofauna taxa including free-living nematodes suggest that passive dispersal is a main factor determining their distribution. This study investigates the settling behaviour of meiofauna in a water column under no-flow conditions. Two ex situ settling experiments were conducted with (1) macrophyte associated meiofauna from an intertidal salt marsh and (2) meiofauna of sulphidic sediments associated with bacterial mats from the deep-sea H{\aa}kon Mosby mud volcano. Cilyndrical containers filled with sieved seawater were used as settling chambers and five different substrates, placed on the bottom of the containers, were offered to the descending meiofaunal assemblage. The substrates used in experiment 1 were agar with bacteria, agar with Fucus spiralis, sulphidic agar medium, bare agar and an empty Petri dish. For experiment 2 azoic sediment with algae, azoic sediment with bacteria, a sulphidic medium, bare azoic sediment and an empty Petri dish were used. The intertidal experiment revealed that nematodes and nauplius larvae showed four- to tenfold higher densities in the Fucus treatment compared with the controls whereas deep-sea nematode and harpacticoid copepod densities in the sulphide treatment were more than three times higher compared with all other treatments. In both experiments nematode composition did not differ from the reference samples whereas proportions of harpacticoid copepods were increased in the treatments of the deep-sea experiment compared with the reference sample suggesting a better ability to select settlement sites than nematodes. In both experiments meiofauna abundance was highest in substrates with similar characteristics as their original habitat. These findings indicate that some meiofaunal organisms can selectively settle once they are suspended in the water column in the absence of water flow and therefore actively contribute to their dispersal at small spatial scales.},
	keywords = {AUV Sentry (Autonomous Underwater Vehicle)},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jembe.2015.10.005},
	author = {Mevenkamp, L and Van Campenhout, J and Vanreusel, A}
}
@article {ISI:000370971600005,
	title = {{Transcription, Signaling Receptor Activity, Oxidative Phosphorylation, and Fatty Acid Metabolism Mediate the Presence of Closely Related Species in Distinct Intertidal and Cold-Seep Habitats}},
	journal = {GENOME BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION},
	volume = {8},
	number = {1},
	year = {2016},
	month = {jan},
	pages = {51{\textendash}69},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Bathyal cold seeps are isolated extreme deep-sea environments characterized by low species diversity while biomass can be high. The Hakon Mosby mud volcano (Barents Sea, 1,280 m) is a rather stable chemosynthetic driven habitat characterized by prominent surface bacterial mats with high sulfide concentrations and low oxygen levels. Here, the nematode Halomonhystera hermesithrives in high abundances (11,000 individuals 10 cm(-2)). Halomonhystera hermesi is a member of the intertidal Halomonhystera disjuncta species complex that includes five cryptic species (GD 1-5). GD1-5{\textquoteright}s common habitat is characterized by strong environmental fluctuations. Here, we compared the transcriptomes of H. hermesi and GD1, H. hermesi{\textquoteright}s closest relative. Genes encoding proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation are more strongly expressed in H. hermesi than in GD1, and many genes were only observed in H. hermesi while being completely absent in GD1. Both observations could in part be attributed to high sulfide concentrations and low oxygen levels. Additionally, fatty acid elongation was also prominent in H. hermesi confirming the importance of highly unsaturated fatty acids in this species. Significant higher amounts of transcription factors and genes involved in signaling receptor activity were observed in GD1 (many of which were completely absent in H. hermesi), allowing fast signaling and transcriptional reprogramming which can mediate survival in dynamic intertidal environments. GC content was approximately 8{\%} higher in H. hermesi coding unigenes resulting in differential codon usage between both species and a higher proportion of amino acids with GC-rich codons in H. hermesi. In general our results showed that most pathways were active in both environments and that only three genes are under natural selection. This indicates that also plasticity should be taken in consideration in the evolutionary history of Halomonhystera species. Such plasticity, as well as possible preadaptation to low oxygen and high sulfide levels might have played an important role in the establishment of a cold-seep Halomonhystera population.},
	keywords = {AUV Sentry (Autonomous Underwater Vehicle)},
	issn = {1759-6653},
	doi = {10.1093/gbe/evv242},
	author = {Van Campenhout, Jelle and Vanreusel, Ann and Van Belleghem, Steven and Derycke, Sofie}
}
@article {ISI:000356841900006,
	title = {{Cetia pacifica gen. nov., sp nov., a chemolithoautotrophic, thermophilic, nitrate-ammonifying bacterium from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent}},
	journal = {INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY},
	volume = {65},
	number = {4},
	year = {2015},
	month = {apr},
	pages = {1144{\textendash}1150},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {A thermophilic, anaerobic, chemolithoautotrophic bacterium, strain TB-6(T), was isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent located on the East Pacific Rise at 9 degrees N. The cells were Gram-staining-negative and rod-shaped with one or more polar flagella. Cell size was approximately 1-1.5 mu m in length and 0.5 mu m in width. Strain TB-6(T) grew between 45 and 70 degrees C (optimum 55-60 degrees C), 0 and 35 g NaCl l(-1) (optimum 20-30 gl(-1)) and pH 4.5 and 7.5 (optimum pH 5.5-6.0). Generation time under optimal conditions was 2 h. Growth of strain TB-6(T) occurred with H-2 as the energy source, CO2 as the carbon source and nitrate or sulfur as electron acceptors, with formation of ammonium or hydrogen sulfide, respectively. Acetate, (+)-n-glucose, Casamino acids, sucrose and yeast extract were not used as carbon and energy sources. Inhibition of growth occurred in the presence of lactate, peptone and tryptone under a H-2/CO2 (80 :20; 200 kPa) gas phase. Thiosulfate, sulfite, arsenate, selenate and oxygen were not used as electron acceptors. The G +C content of the genomic DNA was 36.8 molo/o. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene of strain TB-6(T) showed that this organism branched separately from the three most closely related genera, Caminibacter, Nautilia and Lebetimonas, within the family Nautiliaceae. Strain TB-6(T) contained several unique fatty acids in comparison with other members of the family Nautiliaceae. Based on experimental evidence, it is proposed that the organism represents a novel species and genus within the family Nautiliaceae, Cetia pacifica, gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain is TB-6(T) (=DSM 27783T=JCM 19563(T)).},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {1466-5026},
	doi = {10.1099/ijs.0.000070},
	author = {Grosche, Ashley and Sekaran, Hema and Perez-Rodriguez, Ileana and Starovoytov, Valentin and Vetriani, Costantino}
}
@article {ISI:000350088800011,
	title = {{Characterization of vent fauna at the Mid-Cayman Spreading Center}},
	journal = {DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS},
	volume = {97},
	year = {2015},
	month = {mar},
	pages = {124{\textendash}133},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Hydrothermal vents in the deep sea have a global distribution on mid-ocean ridges and comprise at least six biogeographic provinces. A geographically isolated vent system was recently discovered on the Mid-Cayman Spreading Center (MCSC). Here, we describe the faunal assemblages associated with this system and their relationship to known biogeographic provinces. Taxa from MCSC vents were sorted based on morphology and barcoded using the cytochrome oxidase I (COI) and 16S ribosomal RNA (16S) genes for identification. Distinct faunal assemblages were recognized around vent chimneys at two hydrothermal vent fields (Von Damm and Beebe) separated by a distance of similar to 13 km and {\textgreater} 2.5-km depth along the Mid-Cayman Spreading Center. These results suggest that depth and/or local conditions structure faunal assemblages in this region. COI and microsatellite markers were then used to explore the genetic structure of the shrimp Rimicaris hybisae, the only abundant species shared between the shallow Von Damm and the deep Beebe vent fields. R. hybisae was not genetically differentiated between the Von Damm Spire and Beebe chimneys, suggesting this species is better adapted for bathymetric dispersal and the differences in local conditions than other MCSC species. In addition, a third faunal assemblage dominated by two species of tubeworms was identified at Von Damm in association with weakly diffuse flow sites (including the site known as {\textquoteleft}{\textquoteleft}Marker X18{\{}{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright}{\}}). The Marker X18 assemblage shares species with seeps in the region. Fauna shared with both vents and seeps at the MCSC reinforces the need for a global biogeographic study of deep-sea chemosynthetic fauna that is not focused on specific habitats. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {0967-0637},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2014.11.011},
	author = {Plouviez, Sophie and Jacobson, Alixandra and Wu, Mengyou and Van Dover, Cindy L}
}
@article {ISI:000348129100027,
	title = {{A Dwarf Male Reversal in Bone-Eating Worms}},
	journal = {CURRENT BIOLOGY},
	volume = {25},
	number = {2},
	year = {2015},
	month = {jan},
	pages = {236{\textendash}241},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Darwin {\{}[{\}}1] hypothesized that sexes in a species should be similar unless sexual selection, fecundity selection, or resource partitioning has driven them apart. Male dwarfism has evolved multiple times in a range of animals, raising questions about factors that drive such extreme size dimorphism {\{}[{\}}2-4]. Ghiselin {\{}[{\}}5] noted that dwarf males are more common among smaller marine animals, and especially among sedentary and sessile species living at low densities, where mates are difficult to find, or in deep-sea environments with limited energy sources. These benefits of male dwarfism apply well to Osedax (Annelida: Siboglinidae), bone-eating marine worms {\{}[{\}}6]. Osedax males, notable for extreme sexual size dimorphism (SSD), are developmentally arrested larvae that produce sperm from yolk reserves. Harems of dwarf males reside in the lumen of the tube surrounding a female. Herein, we describe Osedax priapus n. sp., a species that deviates remarkably by producing males that anchor into, and feed on, bone via symbiont-containing {\textquoteleft}{\textquoteleft}roots,{\{}{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright}{\}} just like female Osedax. Phylogenetic analyses revealed O. priapus n. sp. as a derived species, and the absence of dwarf males represents a character reversal for this genus. Some dwarf male features are retained due to functional and morphological constraints. Since O. priapus n. sp. males are anchored in bone, they possess an extensible trunk that allows them to roam across the bone to contact and inseminate females. Evolutionary and ecological implications of a loss of male dwarfism are discussed.},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {0960-9822},
	doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2014.11.032},
	author = {Rouse, Greg W and Wilson, Nerida G and Worsaae, Katrine and Vrijenhoek, Robert C}
}
@article {Bennett2015,
	title = {{Effect of depth and vent fluid composition on the carbon sources at two neighboring deep-sea hydrothermal vent fields (Mid-Cayman Rise)}},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
	volume = {104},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {122{\textendash}133},
	abstract = {In this study, we have used stable isotopes of megafauna, microbial mats and particulate organic matter to examine the effect of depth and vent fluid composition on the carbon sources at two proximal, chemically distinct hydrothermal vent fields along the Mid-Cayman Rise. The basalt hosted Piccard vent field (4980 m) is twice as deep as the ultramafic hosted Von Damm vent field (2300 m) and has very different faunal assemblages. Of particular note is the presence of seep-associated fauna, Escarpia and Lamellibrachia tubeworms, at the Von Damm vent field. We identify a greater range of carbon sources and a suggestion of increased photosynthetic inputs to the Von Damm vent field compared to Piccard vent field. Rimicaris hybisae shrimp are the only abundant species shared between the two vent fields with $δ$13C values ranging between -22.7 and -10.1{\textperthousand}. Higher concentrations of hydrogen sulfide in the vent fluids at Piccard is proposed to be responsible for varying the relative contributions of the carbon fixation cycles used by their epibionts. Seep-associated fauna at Von Damm rely on elevated, thermogenic hydrocarbon content of the vent fluids for their carbon source ($δ$13C values ranging from -21.3 to 11.6{\textperthousand}). They also derive energy from hydrogen sulfide formed by the microbial reduction of sulfide ($δ$34S values ranging from -10.2 to -6.9{\textperthousand}). The tubeworms have very short roots (buried at most a centimeter into rubble), suggesting that microbial sulfate reduction must be occurring either in the shallow subsurface and/or in the anterior part of the tube. Overall, megafauna at Von Damm vent field appear to have a smaller food chain length (smaller $δ$15N range) but a greater breadth of trophic resources compared to the megafauna at the Piccard vent field.},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2015.06.005},
	author = {Bennett, S A and Van Dover, C L and Breier, J A and Coleman, M L}
}
@article {ISI:000353354100014,
	title = {{From deep-sea volcanoes to human pathogens: a conserved quorum-sensing signal in Epsilonproteobacteria}},
	journal = {ISME Journal},
	volume = {9},
	number = {5},
	year = {2015},
	month = {may},
	pages = {1222{\textendash}1234},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Chemosynthetic Epsilonproteobacteria from deep-sea hydrothermal vents colonize substrates exposed to steep thermal and redox gradients. In many bacteria, substrate attachment, biofilm formation, expression of virulence genes and host colonization are partly controlled via a cell density-dependent mechanism involving signal molecules, known as quorum sensing. Within the Epsilonproteobacteria, quorum sensing has been investigated only in human pathogens that use the luxS/autoinducer-2 (AI-2) mechanism to control the expression of some of these functions. In this study we showed that luxS is conserved in Epsilonproteobacteria and that pathogenic and mesophilic members of this class inherited this gene from a thermophilic ancestor. Furthermore, we provide evidence that the luxS gene is expressed-and a quorum-sensing signal is produced-during growth of Sulfurovum lithotrophicum and Caminibacter mediatlanticus, two Epsilonproteobacteria from deep-sea hydrothermal vents. Finally, we detected luxS transcripts in Epsilonproteobacteria-dominated biofilm communities collected from deep-sea hydrothermal vents. Taken together, our findings indicate that the epsiloproteobacterial lineage of the LuxS enzyme originated in high-temperature geothermal environments and that, in vent Epsilonproteobacteria, luxS expression is linked to the production of AI-2 signals, which are likely produced in situ at deep-sea vents. We conclude that the luxS gene is part of the ancestral epsilonproteobacterial genome and represents an evolutionary link that connects thermophiles to human pathogens.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {1751-7362},
	doi = {10.1038/ismej.2014.214},
	author = {Perez-Rodriguez, Ileana and Bolognini, Marie and Ricci, Jessica and Bini, Elisabetta and Vetriani, Costantino}
}
@article {Zhang2015,
	title = {{Intergradation between discrete lineages of Tevnia jerichonana, a deep-sea hydrothermal vent tubeworm}},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
	volume = {121},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {53{\textendash}61},
	abstract = {We describe a broad zone of intergradation between genetically differentiated, northern and southern lineages of the hydrothermal vent tubeworm, Tevnia jerichonana. DNA sequences from four genes, nuclear HSP and ATPs$\alpha$ and mitochondrial COI and Cytb were examined in samples from eastern Pacific vent localities between 13{\textdegree}N and 38{\textdegree}S latitude. Allelic frequencies at these loci exhibited concordant latitudinal clines, and genetic differentiation (pairwise $\Phi$ST{\textquoteright}s) increased with geographical distances between sample localities. Though this pattern of differentiation suggested isolation-by-distance (IBD), it appeared to result from hierarchical population structure. Genotypic assignment tests identified two population clusters comprised of samples from the northern East Pacific Rise (NEPR: 9{\textendash}13{\textdegree}N) and an extension of the Pacific-Antarctic Ridge (PAR: 31{\textendash}32{\textdegree}S) with a zone of intergradation along the southern East Pacific Rise (SEPR: 7{\textendash}17{\textdegree}S). The overall degrees of DNA sequence divergence between the NEPR and PAR populations were slight and not indicative of lengthy isolation. Bayesian assignment methods suggested that the SEPR populations constitute intergrades that connect the NEPR and PAR populations. Though it typically is difficult to distinguish between primary and secondary intergradation, our results were consistent with parallel studies of vent-restricted species that suggest a high degree of demographic instability along the superfast-spreading SEPR axis. Frequent local extinctions and immigration from NEPR and PAR refugia probably shaped the observed pattern of intergradation.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2015.04.028},
	author = {Zhang, H and Johnson, S B and Flores, V R and Vrijenhoek, R C}
}
@article {OBrien2015,
	title = {{Microbial biofilms associated with fluid chemistry and megafaunal colonization at post-eruptive deep-sea hydrothermal vents}},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
	volume = {121},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {31{\textendash}40},
	abstract = {At deep-sea hydrothermal vents, reduced, super-heated hydrothermal fluids mix with cold, oxygenated seawater. This creates temperature and chemical gradients that support chemosynthetic primary production and a biomass-rich community of invertebrates. In late 2005/early 2006 an eruption occurred on the East Pacific Rise at 9{\textdegree}50'N, 104{\textdegree}17'W. Direct observations of the post-eruptive diffuse-flow vents indicated that the earliest colonizers were microbial biofilms. Two cruises in 2006 and 2007 allowed us to monitor and sample the early steps of ecosystem recovery. The main objective of this work was to characterize the composition of microbial biofilms in relation to the temperature and chemistry of the hydrothermal fluids and the observed patterns of megafaunal colonization. The area selected for this study had local seafloor habitats of active diffuse flow (in-flow) interrupted by adjacent habitats with no apparent expulsion of hydrothermal fluids (no-flow). The in-flow habitats were characterized by higher temperatures (1.6{\textendash}25.2 {\textdegree}C) and H2S concentrations (up to 67.3 {\textmu}M) than the no-flow habitats, and the microbial biofilms were dominated by chemosynthetic Epsilonproteobacteria. The no-flow habitats had much lower temperatures (1.2{\textendash}5.2 {\textdegree}C) and H2S concentrations (0.3{\textendash}2.9 {\textmu}M), and Gammaproteobacteria dominated the biofilms. Siboglinid tubeworms colonized only in-flow habitats, while they were absent at the no-flow areas, suggesting a correlation between siboglinid tubeworm colonization, active hydrothermal flow, and the composition of chemosynthetic microbial biofilms.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2015.07.020},
	author = {O{\textquoteright}Brien, C E and Giovannelli, D and Govenar, B W and Luther, G W and Lutz, R A and Shank, T M and Vetriani, C}
}
@article {ISI:000354588900002,
	title = {{Sources of organic carbon for Rimicaris hybisae: Tracing individual fatty acids at two hydrothermal vent fields in the Mid-Cayman rise}},
	journal = {DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS},
	volume = {100},
	year = {2015},
	month = {jun},
	pages = {13{\textendash}20},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Hydrothermal vents harbor ecosystems mostly decoupled from organic carbon synthesized with the energy of sunlight (photosynthetic carbon source) but fueled instead by oxidation of reduced compounds to generate a chemosynthetic carbon source. Our study aimed to disentangle photosynthetic and chemosynthetic organic carbon sources for the shrimp species Rimicaris hybisae, a primary consumer presumed to obtain its organic carbon mainly from ectosymbiotic chemoautotrophic bacteria living on its gill cover membrane. To provide ectosymbionts with ideal conditions for chemosynthesis, these shrimp live in dense clusters around vent chimneys; they are, however, also found sparsely distributed adjacent to diffuse vent flows, where they might depend on alternative food sources. Densely and sparsely distributed shrimp were sampled and dissected into abdominal tissue and gill cover membrane, covered with ectosymbiotic bacteria, at two hydrothermal vent fields in the Mid-Cayman rise that differ in vent chemistry. Fatty acids (FA) were extracted from shrimp tissues and their carbon isotopic compositions assessed. The FA data indicate that adult R. hybisae predominantly rely on bacteria for their organic carbon needs. Their FA composition is dominated by common bacterial FA of the n7 family (similar to 41{\%}). Bacterial FA of the n4 FA family are also abundant and found to constitute good biomarkers for gill ectosymbionts. Sparsely distributed shrimp contain fractions of n4 FA in gill cover membranes similar to 4{\%} lower than densely packed ones (similar to 18{\%}) and much higher fractions of photosynthetic FA in abdominal tissues, similar to 4{\%} more (compared with 1.6{\%}), suggesting replacement of ectosymbionts along with exoskeletons (molt), while they take up alternative diets of partly photosynthetic organic carbon. Abdominal tissues also contain photosynthetic FA from a second source taken up presumably during an early dispersal phase and still present to c. 3{\%} in adult shrimp. The contribution of photosynthetic carbon to the FA pool of adult R. hybisae is, however, overall small (max. 8{\%}). Significant differences in carbon isotopic values of chemosynthetically derived FA between vent fields suggest that different dominant C fixation pathways are being used. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd.},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {0967-0637},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2015.02.003},
	author = {Streit, Kathrin and Bennett, Sarah A and Van Dover, Cindy L and Coleman, Max}
}
@article {Bernhard2014,
	title = {{Benthic protists and fungi of Mediterranean deep hypsersaline anoxic basin redoxcline sediments}},
	journal = {Frontiers in Microbiology},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {605},
	abstract = {Some of the most extreme marine habitats known are the Mediterranean deep hypersaline anoxic basins (DHABs; water depth \~{}3500 m). Brines of DHABs are nearly saturated with salt, leading many to suspect they are uninhabitable for eukaryotes. While diverse bacterial and protistan communities are reported from some DHAB water-column haloclines and brines, the existence and activity of benthic DHAB protists have rarely been explored. Here, we report findings regarding protists and fungi recovered from sediments of three DHAB (Discovery, Urania, L{\textquoteright} Atalante) haloclines, and compare these to communities from sediments underlying normoxic waters of typical Mediterranean salinity. Halocline sediments, where the redoxcline impinges the seafloor, were studied from all three DHABs. Microscopic cell counts suggested that halocline sediments supported denser protist populations than those in adjacent control sediments. Pyrosequencing analysis based on ribosomal RNA detected eukaryotic ribotypes in the halocline sediments from each of the three DHABs, most of which were fungi. Sequences affiliated with Ustilaginomycotina Basidiomycota were the most abundant eukaryotic signatures detected. Benthic communities in these DHABs appeared to differ, as expected, due to differing brine chemistries. Microscopy indicated that only a low proportion of protists appeared to bear associated putative symbionts. In a considerable number of cases, when prokaryotes were associated with a protist, DAPI staining did not reveal presence of any nuclei, suggesting that at least some protists were carcasses inhabited by prokaryotic scavengers.},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2014.00605},
	author = {Bernhard, J M and Kormas, K and Pachiadaki, M and Rocke, E and Beaudoin, D J and Morrison, C and Visscher, P T and Cobban, A and Starczak, V R and Edgcomb, V P}
}
@article {ISI:000338213900015,
	title = {{Deep-sea hydrothermal vent Epsilonproteobacteria encode a conserved and widespread nitrate reduction pathway (Nap)}},
	journal = {ISME JOURNAL},
	volume = {8},
	number = {7},
	year = {2014},
	month = {jul},
	pages = {1510{\textendash}1521},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Despite the frequent isolation of nitrate-respiring Epsilonproteobacteria from deep-sea hydrothermal vents, the genes coding for the nitrate reduction pathway in these organisms have not been investigated in depth. In this study we have shown that the gene cluster coding for the periplasmic nitrate reductase complex (nap) is highly conserved in chemolithoautotrophic, nitrate-reducing Epsilonproteobacteria from deep-sea hydrothermal vents. Furthermore, we have shown that the napA gene is expressed in pure cultures of vent Epsilonproteobacteria and it is highly conserved in microbial communities collected from deep-sea vents characterized by different temperature and redox regimes. The diversity of nitrate-reducing Epsilonproteobacteria was found to be higher in moderate temperature, diffuse flow vents than in high temperature black smokers or in low temperatures, substrate-associated communities. As NapA has a high affinity for nitrate compared with the membrane-bound enzyme, its occurrence in vent Epsilonproteobacteria may represent an adaptation of these organisms to the low nitrate concentrations typically found in vent fluids. Taken together, our findings indicate that nitrate reduction is widespread in vent Epsilonproteobacteria and provide insight on alternative energy metabolism in vent microorganisms. The occurrence of the nap cluster in vent, commensal and pathogenic Epsilonproteobacteria suggests that the ability of these bacteria to respire nitrate is important in habitats as different as the deep-sea vents and the human body.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {1751-7362},
	doi = {10.1038/ismej.2013.246},
	author = {Vetriani, Costantino and Voordeckers, James W and Crespo-Medina, Melitza and O{\textquoteright}Brien, Charles E and Giovannelli, Donato and Lutz, Richard A}
}
@article {ISI:000346944000013,
	title = {{Diverse magma flow directions during construction of sheeted dike complexes at fast- to superfast-spreading centers}},
	journal = {EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS},
	volume = {408},
	year = {2014},
	month = {dec},
	pages = {119{\textendash}131},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Dike intrusion is a fundamental process during upper oceanic crustal accretion at fast- to superfast-spreading ridges. Based on the distribution of magma along fast-spreading centers inferred from marine geophysical data, models predict systematic steep flow at magmatically robust segment centers and shallow magma flow toward distal segment ends. Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) fabrics from 48 fully-oriented block samples of dikes from upper oceanic crust exposed at Hess Deep Rift and Pito Deep Rift reveal a wide range of magma flow directions that are not consistent with such simple magma supply models. The AMS is interpreted to arise from distribution anisotropy of titanomagnetite crystals based on weak shape-preferred orientation of opaque oxide and plagioclase crystals generally parallel to AMS maximum eigenvectors. Most dike samples show normal AMS fabrics with maximum eigenvector directions ranging from subvertical to subhorizontal. The distributions of inferred magma flow lineations from maximum eigenvectors show no preferred flow pattern, even after structural correction. We use a Kolmogorov Smirnov test (KS-test) to show that the distribution of bootstrapped flow lineation rakes from Pito Deep are not statistically distinct from Hess Deep, and neither are distinguishable from Oman and Troodos Ophiolite AMS data. Magma flow directions in sheeted dikes from these two seafloor escarpments also do not correlate with available geochemistry in any systematic way as previously predicted. These results indicate distinct compositional sources feed melt that is injected into dikes at fast- to superfast-spreading ridges with no preference for subhorizontal or subvertical magma flow. Collectively, results imply ephemeral melt lenses at different along-axis locations within the continuous axial magma chamber and either direct injection or intermingling of melt from other deeper ridge-centered or off-axis sources. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle), ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {0012-821X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2014.09.022},
	author = {Horst, A J and Varga, R J and Gee, J S and Karson, J A}
}
@article {ISI:000343852900015,
	title = {{Molluscan species diversity at North Pacific hydrothermal vents: What we know and what it may mean}},
	journal = {AMERICAN MALACOLOGICAL BULLETIN},
	volume = {32},
	number = {2},
	year = {2014},
	month = {sep},
	pages = {267{\textendash}277},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Hydrothermal vents in the deep sea are harsh, temporally unpredictable habitats with what appears to be a distinct fauna. Decades of subsea research with crewed and remote vehicles have generated a list of known species; is the species list complete? Evidence derived from mollusks sampled at hydrothermal vents on the East Pacific Rise (EPR), and Gorda and Juan de Fuca ridges suggests that the answer is yes. A 2006 compilation of hydrothermal vent species based on decades of research is updated and compared to specimens from these three active ridges in collections of the Field Museum of Natural History (FMNH) that resulted from limited collecting activity. Only three dives at each of the two Gorda Ridge vents collected all named species; 90{\%} of the 20 species known from Juan de Fuca Ridge were collected in nine cruises. At the EPR, only 81{\%} of the 43 known species were collected, but differences among the ridges were not significant. The limited FMNH collections increased the known ranges of six species from Juan de Fuca to Gorda Ridge and of nine species on the EPR. In addition, the EPR appears to host more rare species, potentially due to the frequent temporal changes at these vents. Mollusks currently known from each ridge, with their expanded ranges, are listed; the implications of these results for recent discoveries of slow-spreading vent fields are discussed.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle), ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {0740-2783},
	author = {Voight, Janet R}
}
@article {Jacobson2013a,
	title = {{Characterization of 13 polymorphic microsatellite loci in Rimicaris hybisae, a shrimp from deep-sea hydrothermal vents}},
	journal = {Conservation Genetics Resources},
	volume = {5},
	number = {2},
	year = {2013},
	month = {jun},
	pages = {449{\textendash}451},
	abstract = {Rimicaris hybisae is a deep-sea alvinocaridid shrimp found at hydrothermal vents along the Mid-Cayman Spreading Center. Eleven selectively neutral and unlinked polymorphic microsatellite loci were developed for this species and two additional loci were found to cross-amplify from a related species. Nine loci conformed to Hardy-Weinberg expectations. Seven loci cross-amplified with Chorocaris sp. 2, an alvinocaridid shrimp found at vents in the Southwestern Pacific. Microsatellite loci developed for R. hybisae are being deployed to study connectivity and genetic variability of populations along the Mid-Cayman Spreading Center.},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {1877-7252},
	doi = {10.1007/s12686-012-9825-0},
	author = {Jacobson, A and Plouviez, S and Thaler, A D and Van Dover, C L}
}
@article {Jacobson2013,
	title = {{Characterization of 9 polymorphic microsatellite loci in Lamellibrachia sp 2, a tubeworm found at deep-sea hydrothermal vents and cold seeps}},
	journal = {Conservation Genetics Resources},
	volume = {5},
	number = {4},
	year = {2013},
	month = {dec},
	pages = {1005{\textendash}1007},
	abstract = {Lamellibrachia sp. 2 is a deep-sea vestimentiferan tubeworm found at hydrothermal vents on the Mid-Cayman Spreading Center and at hydrocarbon seeps in the Gulf of Mexico and off the coast of Barbados. Nine selectively neutral and unlinked polymorphic microsatellite loci were developed for this species. Eight of these loci conformed to Hardy-Weinberg expectations. Average observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.14 to 0.92. Microsatellites developed for Lamellibrachia sp. 2 are being deployed to study connectivity and gene flow among populations of this species.},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {1877-7252},
	doi = {10.1007/s12686-013-9955-z},
	author = {Jacobson, A and Plouviez, S and Thaler, A D and Van Dover, C L}
}
@article {ISI:000320852100014,
	title = {{Characterizing the distribution and rates of microbial sulfate reduction at Middle Valley hydrothermal vents}},
	journal = {ISME JOURNAL},
	volume = {7},
	number = {7},
	year = {2013},
	month = {jul},
	pages = {1391{\textendash}1401},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Few studies have directly measured sulfate reduction at hydrothermal vents, and relatively little is known about how environmental or ecological factors influence rates of sulfate reduction in vent environments. A better understanding of microbially mediated sulfate reduction in hydrothermal vent ecosystems may be achieved by integrating ecological and geochemical data with metabolic rate measurements. Here we present rates of microbially mediated sulfate reduction from three distinct hydrothermal vents in the Middle Valley vent field along the Juan de Fuca Ridge, as well as assessments of bacterial and archaeal diversity, estimates of total biomass and the abundance of functional genes related to sulfate reduction, and in situ geochemistry. Maximum rates of sulfate reduction occurred at 90 degrees C in all three deposits. Pyrosequencing and functional gene abundance data revealed differences in both biomass and community composition among sites, including differences in the abundance of known sulfate-reducing bacteria. The abundance of sequences for Thermodesulfovibro-like organisms and higher sulfate reduction rates at elevated temperatures suggests that Thermodesulfovibro-like organisms may have a role in sulfate reduction in warmer environments. The rates of sulfate reduction presented here suggest that-within anaerobic niches of hydrothermal deposits-heterotrophic sulfate reduction may be quite common and might contribute substantially to secondary productivity, underscoring the potential role of this process in both sulfur and carbon cycling at vents.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {1751-7362},
	doi = {10.1038/ismej.2013.17},
	author = {Frank, Kiana L and Rogers, Daniel R and Olins, Heather C and Vidoudez, Charles and Girguis, Peter R}
}
@article {Wagner2013,
	title = {{Cold-seep habitat mapping: High-resolution spatial characterization of the Blake Ridge Diapir seep field}},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
	volume = {92},
	number = {SI},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {183{\textendash}188},
	abstract = {Relationships among seep community biomass, diversity, and physiographic controls such as underlying geology are not well understood. Previous efforts to constrain these relationships at the Blake Ridge Diapir were limited to observations from piloted deep-submergence vehicles. In August 2012, the autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) Sentry collected geophysical and photographic data over a 0.131~km2 area at the Blake Ridge Diapir seeps. A nested survey approach was used that began with a regional or reconnaissance-style survey using sub-bottom mapping systems to locate and identify seeps and underlying conduits. This survey was followed by AUV-mounted sidescan sonar and multibeam echosounder systems mapping on a mesoscale to characterize the seabed physiography. At the most detailed survey level, digital photographic imaging was used to resolve sub-meter characteristics of the biology. Four pockmarks (25{\textendash}70~m diameter) were documented, each supporting chemosynthetic communities. Concentric zonation of mussels and clams suggests the influence of chemical gradients on megafaunal distribution. Data collection and analytical techniques used here yield high-resolution habitat maps that can serve as baselines to constrain temporal evolution of seafloor seeps, and to inform ecological niche modeling and resource management.},
	keywords = {AUV Sentry (Autonomous Underwater Vehicle)},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.02.008},
	author = {Wagner, J K S and McEntee, M H and Brothers, L L and German, C R and Kaiser, C L and Yoerger, D R and Van Dover, C L}
}
@article {ISI:000325986500008,
	title = {{Detection and phylogenetic analysis of the membrane-bound nitrate reductase (Nar) in pure cultures and microbial communities from deep-sea hydrothermal vents}},
	journal = {FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY},
	volume = {86},
	number = {2},
	year = {2013},
	month = {nov},
	pages = {256{\textendash}267},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Over the past few years the relevance of nitrate respiration in microorganisms from deep-sea hydrothermal vents has become evident. In this study, we surveyed the membrane-bound nitrate reductase (Nar) encoding gene in three different deep-sea vent microbial communities from the East Pacific Rise and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Additionally, we tested pure cultures of vent strains for their ability to reduce nitrate and for the presence of the NarG-encoding gene in their genomes. By using the narG gene as a diagnostic marker for nitrate-reducing bacteria, we showed that nitrate reductases related to Gammaproteobacteria of the genus Marinobacter were numerically prevalent in the clone libraries derived from a black smoker and a diffuse flow vent. In contrast, NarG sequences retrieved from a community of filamentous bacteria located about 50cm above a diffuse flow vent revealed the presence of a yet to be identified group of enzymes. 16S rRNA gene-inferred community compositions, in accordance with previous studies, showed a shift from Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria to Epsilonproteobacteria as the vent fluids become warmer and more reducing. Based on these findings, we argue that Nar-catalyzed nitrate reduction is likely relevant in temperate and less reducing environments where Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria are more abundant and where nitrate concentrations reflect that of background deep seawater.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0168-6496},
	doi = {10.1111/1574-6941.12158},
	author = {Perez-Rodriguez, Ileana and Bohnert, Kenneth A and Cuebas, Mariola and Keddis, Ramaydalis and Vetriani, Costantino}
}
@article {Brothers2013,
	title = {{Evidence for extensive methane venting on the southeastern U.S. Atlantic margin}},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {41},
	number = {7},
	year = {2013},
	month = {jul},
	pages = {807{\textendash}810},
	abstract = {We present the first evidence for widespread seabed methane venting along the southeastern United States Atlantic margin beyond the well-known Blake Ridge diapir seep. Recent ship- and autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV)-collected data resolve multiple water-column anomalies ({\textgreater}1000 m height) and extensive new chemosynthetic seep communities at the Blake Ridge and Cape Fear diapirs. These results indicate that multiple, highly localized fluid conduits punctuate the areally extensive Blake Ridge gas hydrate province, and enable the delivery of significant amounts of methane to the water column. Thus, there appears to be an abundance of seabed fluid flux not previously ascribed to the Atlantic margin of the United States.},
	keywords = {AUV Sentry (Autonomous Underwater Vehicle)},
	issn = {0091-7613},
	doi = {10.1130/G34217.1},
	author = {Brothers, L L and Van Dover, C L and German, C R and Kaiser, C L and Yoerger, D R and Ruppel, C D and Lobecker, E and Skarke, A D and Wagner, J K S}
}
@article {Nye2013,
	title = {{A new species of Lebbeus (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea: Hippolytidae) from the Von Damm Vent Field, Caribbean Sea}},
	journal = {Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom},
	volume = {93},
	number = {3},
	year = {2013},
	month = {may},
	pages = {741{\textendash}751},
	abstract = {A new species of the hippolytid shrimp genus Lebbeus White, 1847 is described from the Von Damm Vent Field (VDVF) on the Mid-Cayman Spreading Centre, Caribbean Sea, at 2294 m water depth. Lebbeus virentova sp. nov. is defined and illustrated from seven specimens, with brief notes on its distribution and habitat. Molecular phylogenetic data from the COI mDNA region are used to analyse the species{\textquoteright} phylogenetic position, and its morphology is compared with previously described species. This new species represents the second family of caridean shrimp to be reported from the VDVF. Lebbeus virentova sp. nov. is the eighth member of the genus to be described from hydrothermal vents and appears to be the first hippolytid shrimp at a vent field known from outside the Pacific Ocean.},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {0025-3154},
	doi = {10.1017/S0025315412000884},
	author = {Nye, Verity and Copley, J and Plouviez, S and Van Dover, C L}
}
@article {Peterson2013,
	title = {{On the utility of radium isotopes as tracers of hydrocarbon discharge}},
	journal = {Marine Chemistry},
	volume = {156},
	number = {SI},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {98{\textendash}107},
	abstract = {Natural seepage of hydrocarbons commonly occurs in the Gulf of Mexico and numerous other locations around the world{\textquoteright}s oceans. In-situ quantification of discharge and transport of these hydrocarbons through the water column is somewhat limited by a lack of available tracers. Here, we consider the utility of using radium isotopes, which are commonly enriched in formation fluids contained within hydrocarbon reservoirs, as tracers of hydrocarbons discharged into the deep ocean. During a cruise in November/December 2010 through the Gulf of Mexico, radium isotopes (224Ra and 226Ra) revealed anomalous concentrations in near-bottom samples associated with the presence of hydrocarbons at several sites where hydrocarbon seepage was known to occur and observed real-time via the human-occupied vehicle Alvin. These tracers also indicated the presence of near-bottom hydrocarbons in the vicinity of the Macondo wellhead where the Deepwater Horizon blowout occurred months earlier. These hydrocarbons are presumed to originate from nearby gas seeps later identified by water column sonar returns. The short half-life of 224Ra (3.66~days) suggests that anomalously high unsupported activities of this isotope must be derived from recent (days to weeks) discharge. Sampling at the sediment{\textendash}water interface confirmed that the source of the water column radium isotope anomalies is likely benthic sources. These results suggest that radium isotopes may serve as useful tracers of hydrocarbons in such an environment, and we outline steps required to quantify discharge rates and transport time scales with these tracers.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	doi = {10.1016/j.marchem.2013.02.008},
	author = {Peterson, R N and Viso, R F and MacDonald, I R and Joye, S B}
}
@article {Thaler2012,
	title = {{Ascomycete phylotypes recovered from a Gulf of Mexico methane seep are identical to an uncultured deep-sea fungal clade from the Pacific}},
	journal = {Fungal Ecology},
	volume = {5},
	number = {2},
	year = {2012},
	month = {apr},
	pages = {270{\textendash}273},
	abstract = {Deep-sea endemic fungi are one component of an under-sampled invisible biosphere whose contribution to benthic ecosystems is not yet understood. In the last decade, molecular techniques have facilitated the discovery of several new deep-sea fungal groups, especially in habitats such as hydrothermal vents and methane seeps. We assessed fungal diversity at a methane seep in the Gulf of Mexico by sequencing partial ITS and LSU gene regions from environmental DNA recovered from microoxic and anoxic sediment. While most phylotypes were closely allied with common fungal species, the dominant phylotype did not match any known terrestrial species and aligned with an uncultured deep-sea fungus found in oxygen-depleted sediment at multiple sites in the Pacific Ocean. Despite its apparently broad distribution and frequent occurrence in oxygen-depleted sediment, the ecological role of this phylotype is not yet known. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd and The British Mycological Society. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {1754-5048},
	doi = {10.1016/j.funeco.2011.07.002},
	author = {Thaler, A D and Van Dover, C L and Vilgalys, R}
}
@article {Guilini2012,
	title = {{Cold seep and oxygen minimum zone associated sources of margin heterogeneity affect benthic assemblages, diversity and nutrition at the Cascadian margin (NE Pacific Ocean)}},
	journal = {Progress in Oceanography},
	volume = {96},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {77{\textendash}92},
	abstract = {Hydrate Ridge (HR), located on the northeastern Pacific margin off Oregon, is characterized by the presence of outcropping hydrates and active methane seepage. Additionally, permanent low oxygen conditions overlay the benthic realm. This study evaluated the relative influence of both seepage and oxygen minima as sources of habitat heterogeneity and potential stress-inducing features on the bathyal metazoan benthos (primarily nematodes) at three different seep and non-seep HR locations, exposed to decreasing bottom-water oxygen concentrations with increasing water depth. The nematode seep communities at HR exhibited low diversity with dominance of only one or two genera (Daptonema and Metadesmolaimus), elevated average individual biomass and $δ$13C evidence for strong dependance on chemosynthesis-derived carbon, resembling deep-sea seeps worldwide. Although the HR seep habitats harbored a distinct nematode community like in other known seep communities, they differed from deep-sea seeps in well-oxygenated waters based on that they shared the dominant genera with the surrounding non-seep sediments overlain by oxygen-deficient bottom water. The homogenizing effect of the oxygen minimum zone on the seep nematode assemblages and surrounding sediments was constant with increasing water depth and concomitant greater oxygen-deficiency, resulting in a loss of habitat heterogeneity.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0079-6611},
	doi = {10.1016/j.pocean.2011.10.003},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2011.10.003},
	author = {Guilini, K and Levin, L A and Vanreusel, A}
}
@article {ISI:000311041900011,
	title = {{Community study of tubeworm-associated epizooic meiobenthos from deep-sea cold seeps and hot vents}},
	journal = {MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES},
	volume = {468},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {135{\textendash}148},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The permanent metazoan meiofauna associated with vestimentiferan tubeworm aggregations from hydrocarbon seeps of the upper Louisiana slope in the Green Canyon (similar to 550 m) and the lower slope in Atwater Valley (similar to 2200 m) of the Gulf of Mexico was characterized. Meiofauna abundance, diversity, and community composition at genus level were compared between these seep sites, and with those of tubeworms from hydrothermal vents of the East Pacific Rise (Gollner et al. 2007; Mar Ecol Prog Ser 337: 39-49). The abundance was not significantly different between the 2 seep sites, and was also similar to those found at vents. A total of 150 meiobenthic genera were identified from the cold seep sites. While no significant difference in univariate measurements of diversity was detected, a shift in community composition between the shallow and the deep seep site was found. The hot vent communities included a total of only 17 genera and the diversity measurements were significantly lower at vents than at seeps. Also, Bray-Curtis dissimilarity was 97{\%} between the meiobenthic communities from seeps and vents. The genera richness was negatively correlated with maximum temperature and maximum sulfide concentration, and positively correlated with minimum pH value. We conclude that the harsh conditions tubeworms experience at vents compared to the moderate conditions at cold seeps, as well as the longevity of cold seeps surrounded by sedimented deep-sea plains but short-lived vents on basaltic mid-ocean ridges, might explain the contrasting diversity patterns.},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {0171-8630},
	doi = {10.3354/meps09889},
	author = {Degen, Renate and Riavitz, Laura and Gollner, Sabine and Vanreusel, Ann and Plum, Christoph and Bright, Monika}
}
@article {Ventura2012,
	title = {{The composition, origin and fate of complex mixtures in the maltene fractions of hydrothermal petroleum assessed by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography}},
	journal = {Organic Geochemistry},
	volume = {45},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {48{\textendash}65},
	abstract = {Sedimentary organic matter in hydrothermal systems can be altered by high temperature fluids to generate petroleum. The saturated and aromatic fractions of these hydrothermal oils are compositionally similar to conventional oil with the exception that they often contain higher concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) as well as substantial mixtures of coeluting organic compounds that produce dramatically rising signal on the baseline of gas chromatograms termed unresolved complex mixtures (UCMs). Little is known about the compounds that compose UCMs and why or how they form. This is in part due to an inability to discriminate between in situ and migrated components that characterize the petroleum generated in hydrothermal systems. However, UCMs are also a product of the limitations imbedded in analytical separation techniques. With the advent of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC~{\texttimes}~GC), a revision of what should constitute molecular complexity needs to be considered. We address these problems by comparing the molecular compositions of the maltene fractions of three previously published hydrothermal petroleum samples using time of flight-mass spectrometry (GC~{\texttimes}~GC{\textendash}ToF-MS) and 12 hydrothermal petroleum samples in cores from three locales using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC~{\texttimes}~GC{\textendash}FID). The sediment cores were collected from Middle Valley, located off the axis of the Juan de Fuca Ridge, and the Escanaba Trough, along the Gorda Ridge, both in the NE Pacific Ocean, as well as from the Guaymas Basin in the Gulf of California. We define a UCM in GC~{\texttimes}~GC data to be a condition in which ⩾25{\%} of the detected peaks within a chromatographic area coelute in either the first or second dimension. In turn, complex (CM) and simple mixtures (SM) are defined as having 5{\textendash}24{\%} and and migrated components that characterize the petroleum generated in hydrothermal systems. However, UCMs are also a product of the limitations imbedded in analytical separation techniques. With the advent of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC~{\texttimes}~GC), a revision of what should constitute molecular complexity needs to be considered. We address these problems by comparing the molecular compositions of the maltene fractions of three previously published hydrothermal petroleum samples using time of flight-mass spectrometry (GC~{\texttimes}~GC{\textendash}ToF-MS) and 12 hydrothermal petroleum samples in cores from three locales using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC~{\texttimes}~GC{\textendash}FID). The sediment cores were collected from Middle Valley, located off the axis of the Juan de Fuca Ridge, and the Escanaba Trough, along the Gorda Ridge, both in the NE Pacific Ocean, as well as from the Guaymas Basin in the Gulf of California. We define a UCM in GC~{\texttimes}~GC data to be a condition in which ⩾25{\%} of the detected peaks within a chromatographic area coelute in either the first or second dimension. In turn, complex (CM) and simple mixtures (SM) are defined as having 5{\textendash}24{\%} and},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0146-6380},
	doi = {10.1016/j.orggeochem.2012.01.002},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2012.01.002},
	author = {Ventura, G T and Simoneit, B R T and Nelson, R K and Reddy, C M}
}
@article {Fornari2012,
	title = {{The East Pacific Rise Between 9 degrees N and 10 degrees N: Twenty-Five Years of Integrated, Multidisciplinary Oceanic Spreading Center Studies}},
	journal = {Oceanography},
	volume = {25},
	number = {1},
	year = {2012},
	month = {mar},
	pages = {18{\textendash}43},
	publisher = {OCEANOGRAPHY SOC},
	address = {ROCKVILLE; P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA},
	abstract = {The East Pacific Rise from {\~{}}~9{\textendash}10{\textdegree}N is an archetype for a fast-spreading mid-ocean ridge. In particular, the segment near 9{\textdegree}50{\textquoteright}N has been the focus of multidisciplinary research for over two decades, making it one of the best-studied areas of the global ridge system. It is also one of only two sites along the global ridge where two historical volcanic eruptions have been observed. This volcanically active segment has thus offered unparalleled opportunities to investigate a range of complex interactions among magmatic, volcanic, hydrothermal, and biological processes associated with crustal accretion over a full magmatic cycle. At this 9{\textdegree}50{\textquoteright}N site, comprehensive physical oceanographic measurements and modeling have also shed light on linkages between hydrodynamic transport of larvae and other materials and biological dynamics influenced by magmatic processes. Integrated results of high-resolution mapping, and both in~situ and laboratory-based geophysical, oceanographic, geochemical, and biological observations and sampling, reveal how magmatic events perturb the hydrothermal system and the biological communities it hosts.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle), ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {1042-8275},
	doi = {10.5670/oceanog.2012.02},
	author = {Fornari, D J and Von Damm, K L and Bryce, Julia G and Cowen, J P and Ferrini, Vicki and Fundis, A and Lilley, M D and Luther, G W and Mullineaux, L S and Perfit, M R and Meana-Prado, M F and Rubin, K H and Seyfried, W E and Shank, T M and Soule, S A and Tolstoy, M and White, S M}
}
@article {Connelly2012,
	title = {{Hydrothermal vent fields and chemosynthetic biota on the world{\textquoteright}s deepest seafloor spreading centre}},
	journal = {Nature Communications},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2012},
	month = {jan},
	pages = {620},
	abstract = {The Mid-Cayman spreading centre is an ultraslow-spreading ridge in the Caribbean Sea. Its extreme depth and geographic isolation from other mid-ocean ridges offer insights into the effects of pressure on hydrothermal venting, and the biogeography of vent fauna. Here we report the discovery of two hydrothermal vent fields on the Mid-Cayman spreading centre. The Von Damm Vent Field is located on the upper slopes of an oceanic core complex at a depth of 2,300 m. High-temperature venting in this off-axis setting suggests that the global incidence of vent fields may be underestimated. At a depth of 4,960 m on the Mid-Cayman spreading centre axis, the Beebe Vent Field emits copper-enriched fluids and a buoyant plume that rises 1,100 m, consistent with {\textgreater}400 degrees C venting from the world{\textquoteright}s deepest known hydrothermal system. At both sites, a new morphospecies of alvinocaridid shrimp dominates faunal assemblages, which exhibit similarities to those of Mid-Atlantic vents.},
	issn = {2041-1723},
	doi = {10.1038/ncomms1636},
	author = {Connelly, D P and Copley, J T and Murton, B J and Stansfield, K and Tyler, P A and German, C R and Van Dover, C L and Amon, D and Furlong, M and Grindlay, N and Hayman, N and Huehnerbach, V and Judge, M and Le Bas, Tim and McPhail, S and Meier, A and Nakamura, K I and Nye, Verity and Pebody, M and Pedersen, R B and Plouviez, S and Sands, Carla and Searle, R C and Stevenson, P and Taws, Sarah and Wilcox, S}
}
@article {ISI:000299931800014,
	title = {{Meristic variation in males of the hydrothermal vent octopus, Muusoctopus hydrothermalis (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae)}},
	journal = {JOURNAL OF THE MARINE BIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED KINGDOM},
	volume = {92},
	number = {2},
	year = {2012},
	month = {mar},
	pages = {361{\textendash}366},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Intraspecific variation in characters such as arm sucker and gill lamellae counts in octopodids is yet to be thoroughly investigated, potentially hampering our ability to recognize species. In this study, data from 13 specimens of Muusoctopus hydrothermalis collected at four hydrothermal vents on the East Pacific Rise between 8 degrees 38{\textquoteright}N and 12 degrees 48{\textquoteright}N are considered. Although the northern and southern octopuses differ minimally in size, mean sucker count by arm in the northern group is 11.7 to 22.8{\%} higher than it is in the southern group; in addition these octopuses typically have an additional gill lamella and bulkier funnel organs. The arms of each individual carry a different number of suckers. The difference is significant on nonadjacent arms, a pattern that merits examination in a broader taxonomic context. Why these differences exist among conspecifics remains unknown, the incidence of parasitic copepods is not different between the groups and the between-group variation in arm suckers seen here compares well with a previous report of variation among 18 specimens from the type locality. Increases in meristic characters (counts) in fish are attributed to lower temperatures during embryonic development following Jordan{\textquoteright}s rule. Northern and southern vents offer the octopuses a wide temperature range, but vent fluid chemistry differs. Northern vent fluids may be more toxic; if so, developing octopus embryos may survive only minimal vent fluid exposure and therefore develop at low temperatures. At the less toxic southern vents, eggs may survive greater exposure to vent fluids and thus develop at higher temperatures.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0025-3154},
	doi = {10.1017/S0025315411000993},
	author = {Voight, Janet R}
}
@article {ISI:000315070000017,
	title = {{Parvibaculum hydrocarboniclasticum sp. nov., a mesophilic, alkane-oxidizing alphaproteobacterium isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent on the East Pacific Rise}},
	journal = {INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY},
	volume = {62},
	number = {12},
	year = {2012},
	month = {dec},
	pages = {2921{\textendash}2926},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {An aerobic, alkane-oxidizing bacterium, designated strain EPR92(T), was isolated from hydrothermal fluids that had been collected from a deep-sea vent on the East Pacific Rise (at 9 degrees 50{\textquoteright} N 104 degrees 17{\textquoteright} W). The cells of the novel strain were Gram-staining-negative rods that measured approximately 1.4 mu m in length and 0.4 mu m in width. Strain EPR92T grew at 20-40 degrees C (optimum 35 degrees C), with 1.0-5.0{\%} (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2.5{\%}), and at pH 4.0-8.5 (optimum pH 7.5). The generation time under optimal conditions was 63 min. Strain EPR92(T) grew aerobically in artificial seawater minimal medium with n-alkanes as sole carbon and energy sources, and also in artificial seawater medium supplemented with peptone and yeast extract. The predominant fatty acids were C-18:1 omega 7c, C-19:0 cyclo omega 8c, 11-methyl C-18:1 omega 7c and a putative C-12:0 aldehyde. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine and four unidentified aminolipids. The major respiratory quinone was Q-10 and the genomic DNA G+C content was 60.7 mol{\%}. Phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA gene showed that strain EPR92(T) belongs in the class Alphaproteobacteria and the recognized species that were most closely related to the novel strain were identified as Parvibaculum indicum P-31(T) (98.7{\%} sequence similarity) and Parvibaculum lavamentivorans DS-1(T) (95.8{\%}). In DNA-DNA hybridizations, the level of DNA-DNA relatedness observed between strain EPR92(T) and P. indicum P-31(T) was 47.7{\%}, indicating that the two strains do not belong to the same species. Based on the phylogenetic, physiological, chemotaxonomic and genetic evidence, strain EPR92(T) represents a novel species within the genus Parvibaculum, for which the name Parvibaculum hydrocarboniclasticum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is EPR92(T) (=DSM 23209=JCM 16666(T)).},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {1466-5026},
	doi = {10.1099/ijs.0.039594-0},
	author = {Rosario-Passapera, Richard and Keddis, Ramaydalis and Wong, Ronald and Lutz, Richard A and Staroyoytov, Valentin and Vetriani, Costantino}
}
@article {ISI:000311587800012,
	title = {{Phorcysia thermohydrogeniphila gen. nov., sp nov., a thermophilic, chemolithoautotrophic, nitrate-ammonifying bacterium from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent}},
	journal = {INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY},
	volume = {62},
	number = {10},
	year = {2012},
	month = {oct},
	pages = {2388{\textendash}2394},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {A novel hyperthermophilic, anaerobic, chemolithoautotrophic bacterium, designated strain HB-8(T), was isolated from the tube of Alvinella pompejana tubeworms collected from the wall of an actively venting sulfide structure on the East Pacific Rise at 13 degrees N. The cells were Gram-negative rods, approximately 1.0-1.5 mu m long and 0.5 mu m wide. Strain HB-8(T) grew between 65 and 80 degrees C (optimum 75 degrees C), 15 and 35 g NaCl l(-1) (optimum 30 gl(-1)) and pH 4.5 and 8.5 (optimum pH 6.0). Generation time under optimal conditions was 26 min. Growth occurred under chemolithoautotrophic conditions with H-2 as the energy source and CO2 as the carbon source. Nitrate and sulfur were used as electron acceptors, with concomitant formation of ammonium or hydrogen sulfide, respectively. The presence of lactate, formate, acetate or tryptone in the culture medium inhibited growth. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 47.8 mol{\%}. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene and of the alpha subunit of the ATP citrate lyase of strain HB-8(T) indicated that this organism formed a novel lineage within the class Aquificae, equally distant from the type strains of the type species of the three genera that represent the family Desulfurobacteriaceae: Thermovibrio ruber ED11/3LLK8(T), Balnearium lithotrophicum 17S(T) and Desulfurobacterium thermolithotrophum BSA(T). The polar lipids of strain HB-8(T) differed substantially from those of other members of the Desulfurobacteriaceae, and this bacterium produced novel quinones. On the basis of phylogenetic, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, it is proposed that the organism represents a novel genus and species within the family Desulfurobacteriaceae, Phorcysia thermohydrogeniphila gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain of Phorcysia thermohydrogeniphila is HB-8(T) (=DSM 24425(T) =JCM 17384(T)).},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {1466-5026},
	doi = {10.1099/ijs.0.035642-0},
	author = {Perez-Rodriguez, Ileana and Grosche, Ashley and Massenburg, Lynnicia and Starovoytov, Valentin and Lutz, Richard A and Vetriani, Costantino}
}
@conference {Kaiser2012,
	title = {{Satellite based remote management and operation of a 6000m AUV}},
	booktitle = {Oceans, 2012},
	volume = {Hampton Ro},
	year = {2012},
	abstract = {During a July, 2012 expedition to the Hatteras Transverse Canyon, Blake Ridge, and Cape Fear Diapir, the AUV Sentry, aboard the NOAA Ship Okeanos, conducted experiments into remote operation of an AUV via satellite link. Remote launch, remote engineering, remote data processing and remote watch standing were all explored with varying degrees of success. Remote engineering and troubleshooting was found to be exceptionally promising and worthy of further effort. Remote data processing was a valuable addition for a telepresence enabled cruise where a substantial component of the science team was on shore. Remore watch standing and remote launch were both found to be viable though requiring improvement. Technology infrastructure is discussed along with successes, difficulties, and recommendations for future improvement.},
	keywords = {AUV Sentry (Autonomous Underwater Vehicle)},
	doi = {10.1109/OCEANS.2012.6404900},
	author = {Kaiser, C L and Kinsey, J C and Pinner, W and Yoerger, D R and German, C R and Van Dover, C L}
}
@article {Voight2012,
	title = {{Scientific Gear as a Vector for Non-Native Species at Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vents}},
	journal = {Conservation Biology},
	volume = {26},
	number = {5},
	year = {2012},
	month = {oct},
	pages = {938{\textendash}942},
	abstract = {The fauna of deep-sea hydrothermal vents are among the most isolated and inaccessible biological communities on Earth. Most vent sites can only be visited by subsea vehicles, which can and do move freely among these communities. Researchers assume individuals of the regionally homogeneous vent fauna are killed by the change in hydrostatic pressure the animals experience when the subsea vehicles, which collected them, rise to the surface. After an Alvin dive, we found 38 apparently healthy individuals of a vent limpet in a sample from a hydrothermally inactive area. Prompted by our identification of these specimens as Lepetodrilus gordensis, a species restricted to vents 635 km to the south of our dive site, we tested whether they were from a novel population or were contaminants from the dive made 36 h earlier. The 16S gene sequences, morphology, sex ratio, bacterial colonies, and stable isotopes uniformly indicated the specimens came from the previous dive. We cleaned the sampler, but assumed pressure changes would kill any organisms we did not remove and that the faunas of the 2 areas were nearly identical and disease-free. Our failure to completely clean the gear on the subsea vehicle meant we could have introduced the species and any diseases it carried to a novel location. Our findings suggest that the nearly inaccessible biological communities at deep-sea vents may be vulnerable to anthropogenic alteration, despite their extreme physical conditions.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0888-8892},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1523-1739.2012.01864.x},
	author = {Voight, J R and Lee, R W and Reft, A J and Bates, A E}
}
@article {Quistad2011,
	title = {{Anaerobic propane oxidation in marine hydrocarbon seep sediments}},
	journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
	volume = {75},
	number = {8},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {2159{\textendash}2169},
	abstract = {Propane (C3H8) is an abundant hydrocarbon in subsurface reservoirs with significance to atmospheric chemistry and to marine biogeochemistry. The anaerobic oxidation of propane coupled to sulfate reduction may prevent sub-seafloor accumulations of propane from entering the ocean and atmosphere. Anaerobic oxidation of propane has recently been demonstrated in cultures of novel sulfate-reducing bacteria, but has not been directly demonstrated or quantified in nature. In this work we describe a method involving incubation with 13C-propane to quantify rates of anaerobic oxidation of propane in anoxic sediment, and we conclusively demonstrate the oxidation of propane under sulfidic conditions in fresh sediments of a marine hydrocarbon seep. Observed rates of anaerobic oxidation of propane adhere to first-order kinetic behavior, enabling the modification of this method for whole core rate determinations. Whole core rates in nine cores from two hydrocarbon seeps measured 0.04{\textendash}2100~nmoles C3H8~cm-3~day-1 by this method. The seep persistently supplied with more propane displayed substantially higher rates of anaerobic oxidation of propane, by 1{\textendash}2 orders of magnitude when averaged over the top 10-cm, suggesting the development of the microbial community is strongly modulated by the availability of propane. This work is the first to estimate rates for anaerobic oxidation of propane in any environment, and demonstrates the potential importance of the process as a filter for preventing propane from entering the ocean and atmosphere.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0016-7037},
	doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2011.02.001},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2011.02.001},
	author = {Quistad, S D and Valentine, D L}
}
@article {ISI:000292610200001,
	title = {{Deciphering the ocean bottom pressure variation in the Logatchev hydrothermal field at the eastern flank of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge}},
	journal = {GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS},
	volume = {12},
	year = {2011},
	month = {jul},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Ocean bottom pressure data from the Logatchev hydrothermal field (LHF) are presented and analyzed. The data were collected with two ocean bottom pressure meters (OBPs), constructed at the University of Bremen, that are capable of recording signals with frequencies up to 0.25 Hz. Over the long-term, a nearly 2.5 kPa (25 cm water column equivalent) pressure variation over 3.7 years is observed, which is consistent with uplift followed by subsidence, but cannot unequivocally be discerned from instrumental drift. Medium-term pressure variations are compared with satellite surface topography, satellite gravity, ocean modeling, and in situ data from an OBP 700 km away. It is shown that fluctuations in the oceanic mass distribution dominate the variations in this frequency range and that oceanic modeling and data from a 700 km distant OBP are positively correlated with the LHF bottom pressure time series. The short-term variations are dominated by microseisms originating from sea surface waves and pressure waves from earthquakes as can be shown by comparison with weather buoy and teleseismic data.},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {1525-2027},
	doi = {10.1029/2010GC003441},
	author = {Gennerich, Hans-Hermann and Villinger, Heinrich}
}
@article {Bennett2011,
	title = {{Dissolved and particulate organic carbon in hydrothermal plumes from the East Pacific Rise, 9 degrees 50'N}},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
	volume = {58},
	number = {9},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {922{\textendash}931},
	abstract = {Chemoautotrophic production in seafloor hydrothermal systems has the potential to provide an important source of organic carbon that is exported to the surrounding deep-ocean. While hydrothermal plumes may export carbon, entrained from chimney walls and biologically rich diffuse flow areas, away from sites of venting they also have the potential to provide an environment for in-situ carbon fixation. In this study, we have followed the fate of dissolved and particulate organic carbon (DOC and POC) as it is dispersed through and settles beneath a hydrothermal plume system at 9{\textdegree}50'N on the East Pacific Rise. Concentrations of both DOC and POC are elevated in buoyant plume samples that were collected directly above sites of active venting using both DSV Alvin and a CTD-rosette. Similar levels of POC enrichment are also observed in the dispersing non-buoyant plume, \~{}500~m downstream from the vent-site. Further, sediment-trap samples collected beneath the same dispersing plume system, show evidence for a close coupling between organic carbon and Fe oxyhydroxide fluxes. We propose, therefore, a process that concentrates POC into hydrothermal plumes as they disperse through the deep-ocean. This is most probably the result of some combination of preferential adsorption of organic carbon onto Fe-oxyhydroxides and/or microbial activity that preferentially concentrates organic carbon in association with Fe-oxyhydroxides (e.g. through the microbial oxidation of Fe(II) and Fe sulfides). This potential for biological production and consumption within hydrothermal plumes highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to understanding the role of the carbon cycle in deep-sea hydrothermal systems as well as the role that hydrothermal systems may play in regulating global deep-ocean carbon budgets.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0967-0637},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2011.06.010},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2011.06.010},
	author = {Bennett, S A and Statham, P J and Green, D R H and Le Bris, N and McDermott, J M and Prado, F and Rouxel, O J and Von Damm, K L and German, C R}
}
@article {Blackman2011,
	title = {{Drilling constraints on lithospheric accretion and evolution at Atlantis Massif, Mid-Atlantic Ridge 30 degrees N}},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth},
	volume = {116},
	year = {2011},
	month = {jul},
	pages = {B07103{\textendash}B07103},
	publisher = {AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION},
	address = {WASHINGTON; 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA},
	abstract = {Expeditions 304 and 305 of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program cored and logged a 1.4 km section of the domal core of Atlantis Massif. Postdrilling research results summarized here constrain the structure and lithology of the Central Dome of this oceanic core complex. The dominantly gabbroic sequence recovered contrasts with predrilling predictions; application of the ground truth in subsequent geophysical processing has produced self-consistent models for the Central Dome. The presence of many thin interfingered petrologic units indicates that the intrusions forming the domal core were emplaced over a minimum of 100-220 kyr, and not as a single magma pulse. Isotopic and mineralogical alteration is intense in the upper 100 m but decreases in intensity with depth. Below 800 m, alteration is restricted to narrow zones surrounding faults, veins, igneous contacts, and to an interval of locally intense serpentinization in olivine-rich troctolite. Hydration of the lithosphere occurred over the complete range of temperature conditions from granulite to zeolite facies, but was predominantly in the amphibolite and greenschist range. Deformation of the sequence was remarkably localized, despite paleomagnetic indications that the dome has undergone at least 45 degrees rotation, presumably during unroofing via detachment faulting. Both the deformation pattern and the lithology contrast with what is known from seafloor studies on the adjacent Southern Ridge of the massif. There, the detachment capping the domal core deformed a 100 m thick zone and serpentinized peridotite comprises similar to 70{\%} of recovered samples. We develop a working model of the evolution of Atlantis Massif over the past 2 Myr, outlining several stages that could explain the observed similarities and differences between the Central Dome and the Southern Ridge.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle), ROV Argo (Remotely Operated Vehicle), ROV DSL-120 (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {2169-9313},
	doi = {10.1029/2010JB007931},
	author = {Blackman, D K and Ildefonse, B and John, B E and Ohara, Y and Miller, D J and Abe, N and Abratis, M and Andal, E S and Andreani, M and Awaji, S and Beard, J S and Brunelli, D and Charney, A B and Christie, D M and Collins, J and Delacour, A G and Delius, H and Drouin, M and Einaudi, F and Escartin, J and Frost, B R and Frueh-Green, G and Fryer, P B and Gee, J S and Godard, M and Grimes, C B and Halfpenny, A and Hansen, H -E and Harris, A C and Tamura, A and Hayman, N W and Hellebrand, E and Hirose, T and Hirth, J G and Ishimaru, S and Johnson, K T M and Karner, G D and Linek, M and MacLeod, C J and Maeda, J and Mason, O U and McCaig, A M and Michibayashi, K and Morris, A and Nakagawa, T and Nozaka, T and Rosner, M and Searle, R C and Suhr, G and Tominaga, M and von der Handt, A and Yamasaki, T and Zhao, X}
}
@article {Valentine2010,
	title = {{Asphalt volcanoes as a potential source of methane to late Pleistocene coastal waters}},
	journal = {Nature Geoscience},
	volume = {3},
	number = {5},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {345{\textendash}348},
	abstract = {Every year, natural petroleum seepage emits 0.2{\textendash}2 Tg of oil to the ocean1. Significant oil seepage can build large underwater mounds, consisting of tar deposits with morphologies similar to volcanic lava flows, known as asphalt volcanoes2, 3. Such events are typically accompanied by large fluxes of the greenhouse gas methane4, 5. Marine sediments from the Santa Barbara basin, California, contain a record of elevated methane concentrations6, anoxia and tar deposition7 during the Pleistocene epoch that had been attributed to dissolution of methane hydrates. However, the region is known to have exhibited oil seepage in the past7. Here, we document the discovery of seven extinct asphalt volcanoes off the coast of southern California. The morphology of the deposits and geochemistry of samples taken from the two largest structures supports their classification as asphalt volcanoes, derived from a common source. We estimate that the two structures resulted from seepage of 0.07{\textendash}0.4 Tg of oil, accompanied by the emission of 0.35{\textendash}1.8 Tg of methane. Radiocarbon dating of carbonate deposits entrained with the asphalt indicates formation of the volcanoes between 44 and 31 kyr ago. The timing and volume of erupted hydrocarbons from the asphalt structures can explain some or all of the documented methane release and tar accumulation in the Santa Barbara basin during the Pleistocene.},
	keywords = {AUV Sentry (Autonomous Underwater Vehicle), HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {1752-0894},
	doi = {10.1038/ngeo848},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo848},
	author = {Valentine, D L and Reddy, C M and Farwell, C and Hill, T M and Pizarro, O and Yoerger, D R and Camilli, R and Nelson, R K and Peacock, E E and Bagby, S C and Clarke, B A and Roman, C N and Soloway, M}
}
@inbook {Baker2010,
	title = {{Biogeography, Ecology and Vulnerability of Chemosynthetic Ecosystems in the Deep Sea}},
	booktitle = {Life in the World{\textquoteright}s Oceans: Diversity, Distribution, and Abundance},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {161{\textendash}182},
	publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
	organization = {Wiley-Blackwell},
	author = {Baker, M C and Ramirez-Llodra, E and Tyler, P A and German, C R and Boetius, A and Cordes, E E and Dubilier, N and Fisher, C R and Levin, L A and Metaxas, A and Rowden, R and Santos, R S and Shank, R and Van Dover, C L and Young, C and Waren, A}
}
@article {Thaler2010,
	title = {{Characterization of 12 polymorphic microsatellite loci in Ifremeria nautilei, a chemoautotrophic gastropod from deep-sea hydrothermal vents}},
	journal = {Conservation Genetics Resources},
	volume = {2},
	number = {1},
	year = {2010},
	month = {dec},
	pages = {101{\textendash}103},
	abstract = {{Ifremeria nautilei is deep-sea provannid gastropod endemic to hydrothermal vents at southwest Pacific back-arc spreading centers. Twelve, selectively neutral and unlinked polymorphic microsatellite loci were developed for this species. Three loci deviated significantly from Hardy-Weinberg expectations. Average observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.719 to 0.906 (mean H-O = 0.547},
	issn = {1877-7252},
	doi = {10.1007/s12686-010-9174-9},
	author = {Thaler, A D and Zelnio, K and Jones, R and Carlsson, J and Van Dover, C L and Schultz, T F}
}
@article {VandeFlierdt2010,
	title = {{Deep-sea coral aragonite as a recorder for the neodymium isotopic composition of seawater}},
	journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
	volume = {74},
	number = {21},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {6014{\textendash}6032},
	abstract = {Deep-sea corals have been shown to be useful archives of rapid changes in ocean chemistry during the last glacial cycle. Their aragonitic skeleton can be absolutely dated by U{\textendash}Th data, freeing radiocarbon to be used as a water-mass proxy. For certain species of deep-sea corals, the growth rate allows time resolution that is comparable to ice cores. An additional proxy is needed to exploit this opportunity and turn radiocarbon data into rates of ocean overturning in the past. Neodymium isotopes in seawater can serve as a quasi-conservative water-mass tracer and initial results indicate that deep-sea corals may be reliable archives of seawater Nd isotopes. Here we present a systematic study exploring Nd isotopes as a water-mass proxy in deep-sea coral aragonite. We investigated five different genera of modern deep-sea corals (Caryophyllia, Desmophyllum, Enallopsamia, Flabellum, Lophelia), from global locations covering a large potential range of Nd isotopic compositions. Comparison with ambient seawater measurements yields excellent agreement and suggests that deep-sea corals are reliable archives for seawater Nd isotopes. A parallel study of Nd concentrations in these corals yields distribution coefficients for Nd between seawater and coral aragonite of 1{\textendash}10, omitting one particular genus (Enallopsamia). The corals and seawater did however not come from exactly the same location, and further investigations are needed to reach robust conclusions on the incorporation of Nd into deep-sea coral aragonite. Lastly, we studied the viability of extracting the Nd isotope signal from fossil deep-sea corals by carrying out stepwise cleaning experiments. Our results show that physical removal of the ferromanganese coating and chemical pre-cleaning have the highest impact on Nd concentrations, but that oxidative/reductive cleaning is also needed to acquire a seawater Nd isotope signal.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0016-7037},
	doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2010.08.001},
	url = {http://dx/doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2010.08.001},
	author = {van de Flierdt, T and Robinson, L F and Adkins, J F}
}
@article {German2010,
	title = {{Diverse styles of submarine venting on the ultraslow spreading Mid-Cayman Rise}},
	journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
	volume = {107},
	number = {32},
	year = {2010},
	month = {aug},
	pages = {14020{\textendash}14025},
	abstract = {Thirty years after the first discovery of high-temperature submarine venting, the vast majority of the global mid-ocean ridge remains unexplored for hydrothermal activity. Of particular interest are the world{\textquoteright}s ultraslow spreading ridges that were the last to be demonstrated to host high-temperature venting but may host systems particularly relevant to prebiotic chemistry and the origins of life. Here we report evidence for previously unknown, diverse, and very deep hydrothermal vents along the similar to 110 km long, ultraslow spreading Mid-Cayman Rise (MCR). Our data indicate that the MCR hosts at least three discrete hydrothermal sites, each representing a different type of water-rock interaction, including both mafic and ultramafic systems and, at similar to 5,000 m, the deepest known hydrothermal vent. Although submarine hydrothermal circulation, in which seawater percolates through and reacts with host lithologies, occurs on all mid-ocean ridges, the diversity of vent types identified here and their relative geographic isolation make the MCR unique in the oceans. These new sites offer prospects for an expanded range of vent-fluid compositions, varieties of abiotic organic chemical synthesis and extremophile microorganisms, and unparalleled faunal biodiversity-all in close proximity.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0027-8424},
	doi = {10.1073/pnas.1009205107},
	author = {German, C R and Bowen, A and Coleman, M L and Honig, D L and Huber, J A and Jakuba, M V and Kinsey, J C and Kurz, M D and Leroy, S and McDermott, J M and de Lepinay, B M and Nakamura, K and Seewald, J S and Smith, J L and Sylva, S P and Van Dover, C L and Whitcomb, L L and Yoerger, D R}
}
@article {ISI:000284431900008,
	title = {{Genetic and anatomic relationships among three morphotypes of the echinoid Echinocrepis rostrata}},
	journal = {INVERTEBRATE BIOLOGY},
	volume = {129},
	number = {4},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {368{\textendash}375},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Three morphotypes-purple, tan, and white-of an irregular echinoid of the genus Echinocrepis are commonly observed in the deep North Pacific Ocean. Mitochondrial (mt) 16S DNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) DNA sequences were amplified from gonadal tissue samples from specimens of each morphotype. These portions of the mitochondrial genome are commonly used in species barcoding, and their similarities were compared and placed in 95{\%} connection limit parsimony networks. All three morphotypes have similar 16S mtDNA and COI mtDNA sequences, and are thus likely representatives of the same species, Echinocrepis rostrata. Specimens of the white morphotype were smaller than the specimens of the other two morphotypes, had less gonad tissue, and had a different body shape, suggesting that it represents the juvenile form of E. rostrata. Resolving the three morphotypes into one species simplifies the identification of E. rostrata from photographs and leads to a greater understanding of the life history and reproductive cycle of a species vital to deep-sea bioturbation and carbon sequestration.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle), ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {1077-8306},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1744-7410.2010.00205.x},
	author = {Vardaro, Michael F}
}
@article {ISI:000278233400031,
	title = {{Nautilia nitratireducens sp nov., a thermophilic, anaerobic, chemosynthetic, nitrate-ammonifying bacterium isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent}},
	journal = {INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY},
	volume = {60},
	number = {5},
	year = {2010},
	month = {may},
	pages = {1182{\textendash}1186},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {A thermophilic, anaerobic, chemosynthetic bacterium, designated strain MB-1(T), was isolated from the walls of an active deep-sea hydrothermal vent chimney on the East Pacific Rise at 9 degrees 50{\textquoteright} N 10 degrees 17{\textquoteright} W. The cells were Gram-negative-staining rods, approximately 1-1.5 mu m long and 0.3-0.5 mu m wide. Strain MB-1(T) grew at 25-65 degrees C (optimum 55 degrees C), with 10-35 g NaCl l(-1) (optimum 20 g l(-1)) and at pH 4.5-8.5 (optimum pH 7.0). Generation time under optimal conditions was 45.6 min. Growth occurred under chemolithoautotrophic conditions with H(2) as the energy source and CO(2) as the carbon source. Nitrate was used as the electron acceptor, with resulting production of ammonium. Thiosulfate, sulfur and selenate were also used as electron acceptors. No growth was observed in the presence of lactate, peptone or tryptone. Chemo-organotrophic growth occurred in the presence of acetate, formate, Casamino acids, sucrose, galactose and yeast extract under a N(2)/CO(2) gas phase. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 36.0 mol{\%}. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that this organism is closely related to Nautilia profundicola AmH(T), Nautilia abyssi PH1209(T) and Nautilia lithotrophica 525(T) (95, 94 and 93{\%} sequence identity, respectively). On the basis of phylogenetic, physiological and genetic considerations, it is proposed that the organism represents a novel species within the genus Nautilia, Nautilia nitratireducens sp. nov. The type strain is MB-1(T) (=DSM 22087(T) =JCM 15746(T)).},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {1466-5026},
	doi = {10.1099/ijs.0.013904-0},
	author = {Perez-Rodriguez, Ileana and Ricci, Jessica and Voordeckers, James W and Starovoytov, Valentin and Vetriani, Costantino}
}
@article {Crespo-Medina2009,
	title = {{Adaptation of chemosynthetic microorganisms to elevated mercury concentrations in deep-sea hydrothermal vents}},
	journal = {Limnology and Oceanography},
	volume = {54},
	number = {1},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {41{\textendash}49},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0024-3590},
	doi = {10.4319/lo.2009.54.1.0041},
	url = {http://www.aslo.org/lo/pdf/vol{\_}54/issue{\_}1/0041.pdf},
	author = {Crespo-Medina, M and Chatziefthimiou, A D and Bloom, N S and Luther, G W and Wright, D D and Reinfelder, J R and Vetriani, C and Barkay, T}
}
@article {Plouviez2009,
	title = {{Comparative phylogeography among hydrothermal vent species along the East Pacific Rise reveals vicariant processes and population expansion in the South}},
	journal = {Molecular Ecology},
	volume = {18},
	number = {18},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {3903{\textendash}3917},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0962-1083},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04325.x},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04325.x},
	author = {Plouviez, S and Shank, T M and Faure, B and Daguin-Thiebaut, C and Viard, F and Lallier, F H and Jollivet, D}
}
@article {VanderHam2009,
	title = {{Exploring the utility of an indel-rich, mitochondrial intergenic region as a molecular barcode for bamboo corals (Octocorallia: Isididae)}},
	journal = {Marine Genomics},
	volume = {2},
	number = {3-4},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {183{\textendash}192},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle), ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {1874-7787},
	doi = {10.1016/j.margen.2009.10.002},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.margen.2009.10.002},
	author = {van der Ham, J L and Brugler, M R and France, S C}
}
@article {Leary2009,
	title = {{Marine genetic resources:A review of scientific and commercial interest}},
	journal = {Marine Policy},
	volume = {33},
	number = {2},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {183{\textendash}194},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0308-597X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.marpol.2008.05.010},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2008.05.010},
	author = {Leary, D and Vierros, M and Hamon, G and Arico, S and Monagle, C}
}
@article {Sherman2009,
	title = {{Mercury isotopic composition of hydrothermal systems in the Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field and Guaymas Basin sea-floor rift}},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {279},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {86{\textendash}96},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0012-821X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2008.12.032},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2008.12.032},
	author = {Sherman, L S and Blum, J D and Nordstrom, D K and McCleskey, R B and Barkay, T and Vetriani, C}
}
@article {Rona2009,
	title = {{Paleodictyon nodosum: a living fossil on the deep sea floor}},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
	volume = {56},
	number = {19-20},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {1700{\textendash}1712},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0967-0645},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2009.05.015},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2009.05.015},
	author = {Rona, P A and Seilacher, A and de Vargas, C and Gooday, A J and Bernhard, J M and Bowser, S and Vetriani, C and Wirsen, C O and Mullineaux, L and Sherrell, R and Grassle, J F and Low, S and Lutz, R A}
}
@article {Reed2009,
	title = {{Phylogenetic diversity of methanogenic, sulfate-reducing and methanotrophic prokaryotes from deep-sea hydrothermal vents and cold seeps}},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
	volume = {56},
	number = {19-20},
	year = {2009},
	month = {sep},
	pages = {1665{\textendash}1674},
	abstract = {Microbial communities of methanogenic, sulfate-reducing and methanotrophic prokaryotes from deep-sea environments were investigated by molecular phylogenetic analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences of the genes encoding for the methyl coenzyme M reductase (mcrA), dissimilatory sulfite reductase (dsrAB) and particulate methane monoxygenase (pmoA), respectively. Clone libraries of PCR amplified genes were constructed using DNA extracted from deep-sea vent chimneys (Rainbow and Logatchev hydrothermal vent fields, Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Atlantic Ocean; 9 degrees N East Pacific Rise, Pacific Ocean) and from vertically subsampled sediment cores from cold-seep areas (Blake Ridge, western Atlantic Ocean; Florida Escarpment, Gulf of Mexico). Recombinant clones were screened by RFLP and representative dsrAB, mcrA and pmoA genes were sequenced. The dsrAB sequences grouped primarily within the orders Desulfobacterales, Syntrophobacterales and the Gram-positive order Clostridales. Cold-seep mcrA sequences were distributed among the ANME-2c, -2d and -2e groups, which were previously shown to be associated with the anaerobic oxidation of methane. This study also reports the first mcrA sequences from a high-temperature, black smoker chimney (Logatchev) to group within the ANME-2e subgroup. The majority of the remaining hydrothermal vent mcrA sequences were primarily related to thermophilic members of the anaerobic, methanogenic order Methanococcales. A shift in the dominant ANME-2 group with depth in the sediment for both Florida Escarpment and Blake Ridge mcrA libraries was detected. ANME-2d related clones were detected in the top zones of both cores, with the frequency of ANME-2e related clones increasing with depth. All pmoA sequences retrieved from the cold-seep sites were found to be related to Type I methanotrophic members of the gamma-proteobacteria, and were primarily distributed among three major clusters of sequences. No Type II pmoA sequences related to methanotrophic members of the alpha-proteobacteria were detected, suggesting that the methanotrophic communities in these cold-seep areas are dominated by Type I gamma-proteobacteria. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0967-0645},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2009.05.012},
	author = {Reed, A J and Dorn, Ruth and Van Dover, C L and Lutz, R A and Vetriani, C}
}
@article {Won2008,
	title = {{Absence of cospeciation between deep-sea mytilids and their thiotrophic endosymbionts}},
	journal = {Journal of Shellfish Research},
	volume = {27},
	number = {1},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {129{\textendash}138},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle), ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {0730-8000},
	doi = {10.2983/0730-8000(2008)27[129:AOCBDM]2.0.CO;2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2983/0730-8000(2008)27[129:AOCBDM]2.0.CO 2},
	author = {Won, Y -J and Jones, W J and Vrijenhoek, R C}
}
@article {Logan2008,
	title = {{Comparative ultrastructure of digestive diverticulae in bathymodiolin mussels: Discovery of an unknown spherical inclusion (SIX) in digestive cells of a seep mussel}},
	journal = {Journal of Shellfish Research},
	volume = {27},
	number = {1},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {97{\textendash}105},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle), ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {0730-8000},
	doi = {10.2983/0730-8000(2008)27[97:CUODDI]2.0.CO;2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2983/0730-8000(2008)27[97:CUODDI]2.0.CO 2},
	author = {Logan, C R and Evans, M T and Ward, M E and Scott, J L and Carnegie, R B and Van Dover, C L}
}
@article {Cordes2008,
	title = {{Coral communities of the deep Gulf of Mexico}},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
	volume = {55},
	number = {6},
	year = {2008},
	month = {jun},
	pages = {777{\textendash}787},
	issn = {0967-0637},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2008.03.005},
	author = {Cordes, E E and McGinley, M P and Podowski, E L and Becker, E L and Lessard-Pilon, S and Viada, S T and Fisher, C R}
}
@article {Voordeckers2008,
	title = {{Culture dependent and independent analyses of 16S rRNA and ATP citrate lyase genes: a comparison of microbial communities from different black smoker chimneys on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge}},
	journal = {Extremophiles},
	volume = {12},
	number = {5},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {627{\textendash}640},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {1431-0651},
	doi = {10.1007/s00792-008-0167-5},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00792-008-0167-5},
	author = {Voordeckers, J W and Do, M H and Hugler, M and Ko, V and Sievert, S M and Vetriani, C}
}
@article {Varga2008,
	title = {{Direct evidence from anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility for lateral melt migration at superfast spreading centers}},
	journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {Q08008},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {1525-2027},
	doi = {10.1029/2008GC002075},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008GC002075},
	author = {Varga, R J and Horst, A J and Gee, J S and Karson, J A}
}
@article {Johnson2008,
	title = {{DNA barcoding of Lepetodrilus limpets reveals cryptic species}},
	journal = {Journal of Shellfish Research},
	volume = {27},
	number = {1},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {43{\textendash}51},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle), ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {0730-8000},
	doi = {10.2983/0730-8000(2008)27[43:DBOLLR]2.0.CO;2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2983/0730-8000(2008)27[43:DBOLLR]2.0.CO 2},
	author = {Johnson, S B and Waren, A and Vrijenhoek, R C}
}
@article {Nees2008,
	title = {{Hydrothermal vent mussel habitat chemistry, pre- and post-eruption at 9 degrees 50'North on the East Pacific Rise}},
	journal = {Journal of Shellfish Research},
	volume = {27},
	number = {1},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {169{\textendash}175},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle), ROV Argo (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {0730-8000},
	doi = {10.2983/0730-8000(2008)27[169:HVMHCP]2.0.CO;2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2983/0730-8000(2008)27[169:HVMHCP]2.0.CO 2},
	author = {Nees, H A and Moore, T S and Mullaugh, K M and Holyoke, R R and Janzen, C P and Ma, S and Metzger, E and Waite, T J and Yucel, M and Lutz, R A and Shank, T M and Vetriani, C and Nuzzio, D B and Luther, G W}
}
@article {Lutz2008,
	title = {{Interrelationships between vent fluid chemistry, temperature, seismic activity, and biological community structure at a mussel-dominated, deep-sea hydrothermal vent along the East Pacific Rise}},
	journal = {Journal of Shellfish Research},
	volume = {27},
	number = {1},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {177{\textendash}190},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0730-8000},
	doi = {10.2983/0730-8000(2008)27[177:IBVFCT]2.0.CO;2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2983/0730-8000(2008)27[177:IBVFCT]2.0.CO 2},
	author = {Lutz, R A and Shank, T M and Luther, G W and Vetriani, C and Tolstoy, M and Nuzzio, D B and Moore, T S and Waldhauser, F and Crespo-Medina, M and Chatziefthimiou, A D and Annis, E R and Reed, A J}
}
@article {Voight2008,
	title = {{Observations of deep-sea octopodid behavior from undersea vehicles. For the Symposium {\textquoteright}Cephalopods: A behavioral perspective{\textquoteright} volume}},
	journal = {American Malacological Bulletin},
	volume = {24},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {43{\textendash}50},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0740-2783},
	doi = {10.4003/0740-2783-24.1.43},
	url = {http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.4003/0740-2783-24.1.43},
	author = {Voight, J R}
}
@article {Rathgeber2008,
	title = {{Vertical distribution and characterization of aerobic phototrophic bacteria at the Juan de Fuca Ridge in the Pacific Ocean}},
	journal = {Photosynthesis Research},
	volume = {97},
	number = {3},
	year = {2008},
	month = {sep},
	pages = {235{\textendash}244},
	abstract = {The vertical distribution of culturable anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria was investigated at five sites at or near the Juan de Fuca Ridge in the Pacific Ocean. Twelve similar strains of obligately aerobic phototrophic bacteria were isolated in pure culture, from depths ranging from 500 to 2,379 m below the surface. These strains appear morphologically, physiologically, biochemically, and phylogenetically similar to Citromicrobium bathyomarinum strain JF-1, a bacterium previously isolated from hydrothermal vent plume waters. Only one aerobic phototrophic strain was isolated from surface waters. This strain is morphologically and physiologically distinct from the strains isolated at deeper sampling locations, and phylogenetic analysis indicates that it is most closely related to the genus Erythrobacter. Phototrophs were cultivated from three water casts taken above vents but not from two casts taken away from active vent sites. No culturable anaerobic anoxygenic phototrophs were detected. The photosynthetic apparatus was investigated in strain JF-1 and contains light-harvesting I and reaction center complexes, which are functional under aerobic conditions.},
	issn = {0166-8595},
	doi = {10.1007/s11120-008-9332-z},
	author = {Rathgeber, C and Lince, M T and Alric, J and Lang, Andrew S and Humphrey, E and Blankenship, R E and Vermeglio, A and Plumley, F G and Van Dover, C L and Beatty, J T and Yurkov, V}
}
@article {Olu-LeRoy2007,
	title = {{Amphi-Atlantic cold-seep Bathymodiolus species complexes across the equatorial belt}},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
	volume = {54},
	number = {11},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {1890{\textendash}1911},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0967-0637},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2007.07.004},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2007.07.004},
	author = {Olu-Le Roy, K and von Cosel, R and Hourdez, S and Carney, S L and Jollivet, D}
}
@article {Heyl2007,
	title = {{Characteristics of vesicomyid clams and their environment at the Blake Ridge cold seep, South Carolina, USA}},
	journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series},
	volume = {339},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {169{\textendash}184},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0171-8630},
	doi = {10.3354/meps339169},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps339169},
	author = {Heyl, T P and Gilhooly, W P and Chambers, R M and Gilchrist, G W and Macko, S A and Ruppel, C D and Van Dover, C L}
}
@article {Copley2007,
	title = {{Diversity of melofauna and free-living nematodes in hydrothermal vent mussel beds on the northern and southern East Pacific Rise}},
	journal = {Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom},
	volume = {87},
	number = {5},
	year = {2007},
	month = {oct},
	pages = {1141{\textendash}1152},
	abstract = {The ecology and biogeography of meiofauna at deep-sea hydrothermal vents have historically received less attention than those of mega- and macrofauna. This study examines the composition of major meiofaunal taxa in beds of the mussel Bathymodiolus thermophilus at hydrothermal vents on the northern and southern East Pacific Rise (EPR) and presents the first comparison of species assemblages of the dominant taxon, the nematodes, among sites spanning 27 degrees of latitude. Meiofaunal samples were collected by submersible from three mussel beds at 9 degrees N on the EPR and four mussel beds between 17 and 18 degrees S in 1999. Estimated ages of the mussel beds at the time of sampling range from 4 to {\textgreater}20 years, enabling investigation of the influence of mussel bed age on meiofaunal assemblages. Overall, the meiofauna of the mussel beds was dominated by nematodes, with copepods constituting the second most abundant meiofaunal group. There was variation in the ratio of nematodes to copepods between sites, however, with copepods more abundant than nematodes in the youngest mussel beds. Apart from polychaete larvae, other meiofaunal groups were generally present at very low abundance (},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0025-3154},
	doi = {10.1017/S0025315407055956},
	author = {Copley, J T P and Flint, H C and Ferrero, T J and Van Dover, C L}
}
@article {Voight2007,
	title = {{Experimental deep-sea deployments reveal diverse Northeast Pacific wood-boring bivalves of Xylophagainae (Myoida: Pholadidae)}},
	journal = {Journal of Molluscan Studies},
	volume = {73},
	number = {4},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {377{\textendash}391},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {0260-1230},
	doi = {10.1093/mollus/eym034},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mollus/eym034},
	author = {Voight, J R}
}
@article {VanDover2007a,
	title = {{A fungal epizootic in mussels at a deep-sea hydrothermal vent}},
	journal = {Marine Ecology},
	volume = {28},
	number = {1},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {54{\textendash}62},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {0173-9565},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1439-0485.2006.00121.x},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0485.2006.00121.x},
	author = {Van Dover, C L and Ward, M E and Scott, J L and Underdown, J and Anderson, B and Gustafson, C and Whalen, M and Carnegie, R B}
}
@article {Urcuyo2007,
	title = {{Growth and longevity of the tubeworm Ridgeia piscesae in the variable diffuse flow habitats of the Juan de Fuca Ridge}},
	journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series},
	volume = {344},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {143{\textendash}157},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0171-8630},
	doi = {10.3354/meps06710},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps06710},
	author = {Urcuyo, I A and Bergquist, D C and MacDonald, I R and VanHorn, M and Fisher, C R}
}
@inbook {VanDover2007,
	title = {{Stable isotope studies in chemoautotrophically based ecosystems: An update}},
	booktitle = {Stable isotopes in ecology and environmental science},
	series = {Ecological Methods and Concepts},
	volume = {2nd},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {202{\textendash}237},
	publisher = {Blackwell Pub.},
	organization = {Blackwell Pub.},
	address = {Malden, Mass.},
	isbn = {1-405-12680-9},
	author = {Van Dover, C L},
	editor = {Lajtha, K}
}
@article {Sheader2007,
	title = {{Temporal and spatial variation in the reproductive ecology of the vent-endemic amphipod Ventiella sulfuris in the eastern Pacific}},
	journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series},
	volume = {331},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {181{\textendash}194},
	abstract = {Populations of the vent-endemic amphipod Ventiella sulfuris were compared from 6 East Pacific Rise (EPR) vent sites of different ages, 3 from the northern EPR and 3 from the southern EPR. Although vent age affected amphipod abundance, with no individuals at the oldest vent, other population/reproductive parameters were found to be site dependent rather than vent age dependent. There was little within-site variation in population structure and reproductive output, probably the result of high within-site motility. However, there were significant between-site and between-field differences, indicating a high degree of population and reproductive variability and a moderate degree of vent fidelity. Since population structure and reproductive output varied between sites, the possibility of their use as biomarkers of vent {\textquoteright}condition{\textquoteright} is discussed. The reproductive ecology of V. sulfuris is described for the first time and compared to that of other vent amphipod species. Unlike other species studied, reproductive output is relatively high. Adults move to the periphery of vents to reproduce and brood; after brooding, they moult again, return to feed at vent habitats (e.g. mussel and tube worm beds), and undergo a new phase of gonad maturation and emigration.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0171-8630},
	doi = {10.3354/meps331181},
	author = {Sheader, M and Van Dover, C L}
}
@article {Hornbach2007,
	title = {{Three-dimensional structure of fluid conduits sustaining an active deep marine cold seep}},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {34},
	number = {5},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {L05601},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1029/2006gl028859},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006gl028859},
	author = {Hornbach, M J and Ruppel, C D and Van Dover, C L}
}
@article {Gollner2006,
	title = {{Benthic copepod communities associated with tubeworm and mussel aggregations on the East Pacific Rise}},
	journal = {Cahiers de Biologie Marine},
	volume = {47},
	number = {4},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {397{\textendash}402},
	abstract = {Variability in the structure of the meiobenthic copepod communities was studied among three vent sites on the East Pacific Rise. One of the sites was dominated by the mussel Bathymodiolus thermophilus, and the other two of the sites were dominated by the tubeworm Riftia pachyptila. In addition to the differences in the dominant megafauna, the maximum temperatures were much lower at the mussel-dominated sites, and the temperature to sulfide ratio was different between the tubeworm-dominated sites. A total of 22 vent endemic siphonostomatoid copepod species and 5 harpacticoid copepod species were identified among the three sites. Copepod abundance was low at all sites (},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0007-9723},
	author = {Gollner, S and Zekely, Julia and Van Dover, C L and Govenar, B and Le Bris, N and Nemeschkal, H L and Bright, M}
}
@book {VanDover2006,
	title = {{Beyond the edge of the sea: Volcanoes and life in the deep ocean}},
	series = {Flad Lectures on Marine Science},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {32},
	publisher = {Luso-American Foundation},
	organization = {Luso-American Foundation},
	address = {Lisbon, Portugal},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	isbn = {9728654197},
	author = {Van Dover, C L}
}
@article {McCliment2006,
	title = {{Colonization of nascent, deep-sea hydrothermal vents by a novel Archaeal and Nanoarchaeal assemblage}},
	journal = {Environmental Microbiology},
	volume = {8},
	number = {1},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {114{\textendash}125},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {1462-2912},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1462-2920.2005.00874.x},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-2920.2005.00874.x},
	author = {McCliment, E A and Voglesonger, K M and O{\textquoteright}Day, P A and Dunn, E E and Holloway, J R and Cary, S C}
}
@inbook {Heesemann2006,
	title = {{Data report: Long-term temperature measurements in holes 1253A and 1255A off Costa Rica, ODP Leg 205}},
	booktitle = {Fluid Flow and Subduction Fluxes across the Costa Rica Convergent Margin: Implications for the Seismogenic Zone and Subduction Factory},
	series = {Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results},
	volume = {205},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {1{\textendash}20},
	publisher = {Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A{\&}M University},
	organization = {Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A{\&}M University},
	address = {College Station, Tex.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	isbn = {1096-7451},
	doi = {10.2973/odp.proc.sr.205.209.2006},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.sr.205.209.2006},
	author = {Heesemann, M and Villinger, H and Jannasch, H W and Kastner, M},
	editor = {Morris, J D}
}
@article {Jones2006,
	title = {{Evolution of habitat use by deep-sea mussels}},
	journal = {Marine Biology},
	volume = {148},
	number = {4},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {841{\textendash}851},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0025-3162},
	doi = {10.1007/s00227-005-0115-1},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00227-005-0115-1},
	author = {Jones, W J and Won, Y -J and Maas, P A Y and Smith, P J and Lutz, R A and Vrijenhoek, R C}
}
@article {Gallant2006,
	title = {{Geochemical controls on hydrothermal fluids from the Kairei and Edmond Vent Fields, 23 degrees-25 degrees S, Central Indian Ridge}},
	journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {Q06018},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {1525-2027},
	doi = {10.1029/2005gc001067},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005gc001067},
	author = {Gallant, R M and Von Damm, K L}
}
@article {Hey2006,
	title = {{Hydrothermal vent geology and biology at earth{\textquoteright}s fastest spreading rates}},
	journal = {Marine Geophysical Researches},
	volume = {27},
	number = {2},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {137{\textendash}153},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0025-3235},
	doi = {10.1007/s11001-005-1887-x},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11001-005-1887-x},
	author = {Hey, R N and Massoth, G J and Vrijenhoek, R C and Rona, P A and Lupton, J and Butterfield, D A}
}
@article {Zekely2006,
	title = {{Hydrothermal vent meiobenthos associated with mytilid mussel aggregations from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the East Pacific Rise}},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
	volume = {53},
	number = {8},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {1363{\textendash}1378},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0967-0637},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2006.05.010},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2006.05.010},
	author = {Zekely, J and Van Dover, C L and Nemeschkal, H L and Bright, M}
}
@article {Johnson2006a,
	title = {{Migration, isolation, and speciation of hydrothermal vent limpets (Gastropoda ; Lepetodrilidae) across the Blanco Transform Fault}},
	journal = {Biological Bulletin},
	volume = {210},
	number = {2},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {140{\textendash}157},
	issn = {0006-3185},
	url = {http://www.biolbull.org/cgi/content/abstract/210/2/158},
	author = {Johnson, S B and Young, C R and Jones, W J and Waren, A and Vrijenhoek, R C}
}
@article {Vacelet2006,
	title = {{New carnivorous sponges (Porifera, Poecilosclerida) collected from manned submersibles in the deep Pacific}},
	journal = {Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society},
	volume = {148},
	number = {4},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {553{\textendash}584},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0024-4082},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1096-3642.2006.00234.x},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2006.00234.x},
	author = {Vacelet, J}
}
@article {Flint2006,
	title = {{Patterns of nematode diversity at hydrothermal vents on the East Pacific Rise}},
	journal = {Cahiers de Biologie Marine},
	volume = {47},
	number = {4},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {365{\textendash}370},
	abstract = {The diversity and abundance of meiofauna in quasi-quantitative samples collected from Bathymodiolus mussel beds in a deep-sea hydrothermal vent field on the East Pacific Rise (EPR) was studied with particular reference to nematodes. Copepods, polychaetes and nematodes were found to be the most abundant meiofaunal taxa at all sites processed so far. Species richness (S = 4 - 6), Shannon-Wiener diversity indices (H{\textquoteright}(log e) = 0.9 - 1.5) and Pielou{\textquoteright}s eveness indices (J{\textquoteright} = 0.5 - 0.8) were similar at all sites. Six different species of nematode were identified, both sites exhibiting a dominance of Monhystrid species. Cluster analysis of Bray-Curtis similarities using group-average linkage on standardised data shows that samples from Train Station and East Wall separate out at around the 45{\%} similarity level. This separation results from the different abundances of nematode species present at both sites and the exclusive presence of Thalassomonhystera sp. B at Train Station and Anticoma sp. A at East Wall. A pot sample from a mussel bed at "Oasis" at 17 25{\textquoteright} S on the EPR exhibits approximately 30{\%} similarity with the NEPR samples as a result of higher abundance and species richness of nematodes. To date, meiofauna have seldom been included in ecological studies at vents and it is therefore not clear to whether patterns of faunal zonation and biogeography similar to those known in megafauna are also present in this size class. Future work may reveal possible large-scale variation in nematode species richness.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0007-9723},
	author = {Flint, H C and Copley, J T P and Ferrero, T J and Van Dover, C L}
}
@article {Voight2006,
	title = {{Stauromedusae on the East Pacific Rise}},
	journal = {Cahiers de Biologie Marine},
	volume = {47},
	number = {4},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {347{\textendash}352},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0007-9723},
	url = {http://cbm-online.sb-roscoff.fr/pdf/cb47-4-347-352.pdf},
	author = {Voight, J R}
}
@article {Lutz2006,
	title = {{Stauromedusan populations inhabiting deep-sea hydrothermal vents along the southern East Pacific Rise}},
	journal = {Cahiers de Biologie Marine},
	volume = {47},
	number = {4},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {409{\textendash}413},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0007-9723},
	url = {http://cbm-online.sb-roscoff.fr/pdf/cb47-4-409-413.pdf},
	author = {Lutz, R A and Collins, A G and Annis, E R and Reed, A J and Bennett, K F and Halanych, K M and Vrijenhoek, R C}
}
@article {Davis2006,
	title = {{Transient formation fluid pressures and temperatures in the Costa Rica forearc prism and subducting oceanic basement: CORK monitoring at ODP Sites 1253 and 1255}},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {245},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {232{\textendash}244},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0012-821X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2006.02.042},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2006.02.042},
	author = {Davis, E E and Villinger, H W}
}
@article {Reysenbach2006,
	title = {{A ubiquitous thermoacidophilic archaeon from deep-sea hydrothermal vents}},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {442},
	number = {7101},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {444{\textendash}447},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle), ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {0028-0836},
	doi = {10.1038/nature04921},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature04921},
	author = {Reysenbach, A -L and Liu, Y T and Banta, A B and Beveridge, T J and Kirshtein, J D and Schouten, S and Tivey, M K and Von Damm, K L and Voytek, M A}
}
@article {Reed2006,
	title = {{Vertical distribution and diversity of bacteria and archaea in sulfide and methane-rich cold seep sediments located at the base of the Florida Escarpment}},
	journal = {Extremophiles},
	volume = {10},
	number = {3},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {199{\textendash}211},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {1431-0651},
	doi = {10.1007/s00792-005-0488-6},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00792-005-0488-6},
	author = {Reed, A J and Lutz, R A and Vetriani, C}
}
@article {Valentine2005,
	title = {{Biogeochemical investigations of marine methane seeps, Hydrate Ridge, Oregon}},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
	volume = {110},
	number = {G2},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {G02005},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0148-0227},
	doi = {10.1029/2005JG000025},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005JG000025},
	author = {Valentine, D L and Kastner, M and Wardlaw, G D and Wang, X C and Purdy, A and Bartlett, D H}
}
@article {Voordeckers2005,
	title = {{Caminibacter mediiatlanticus sp. nov.: A thermophilic, chemolithoautotrophic, nitrate ammonifying bacterium isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge}},
	journal = {International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology},
	volume = {55},
	number = {2},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {773{\textendash}779},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {1456-5026},
	doi = {10.1099/ijs.0.63430-0},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.63430-0},
	author = {Voordeckers, J W and Starovoytov, V and Vetriani, C}
}
@article {Salerno2005,
	title = {{Characterization of symbiont populations in life-history stages of mussels from chemosynthetic environments}},
	journal = {Biological Bulletin},
	volume = {208},
	number = {2},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {145{\textendash}155},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0006-3185},
	url = {http://www.biolbull.org/cgi/content/abstract/208/2/145},
	author = {Salerno, J L and Macko, S A and Hallam, S J and Bright, M and Won, Y -J and McKiness, Z and Van Dover, C L}
}
@article {VanDover2005,
	title = {{Community structure in mussel beds at Logatchev hydrothermal vents and a comparison of macrofaunal species richness on slow- and fast-spreading mid-ocean ridges}},
	journal = {Marine Ecology},
	volume = {26},
	number = {2},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {110{\textendash}120},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0173-9565},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1439-0485.2005.00047.x},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0485.2005.00047.x},
	author = {Van Dover, C L and Doerries, M B}
}
@article {Hornbach2005,
	title = {{Coupled geophysical constraints on heat flow and fluid flux at a salt diapir}},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {32},
	number = {24},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {L24617},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1029/2005GL024862},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005GL024862},
	author = {Hornbach, M J and Ruppel, C and Saffer, D M and Van Dover, C L and Holbrook, W S}
}
@article {Dreyer2005,
	title = {{Development of macrofaunal community structure in mussel beds on the northern East Pacific Rise}},
	journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series},
	volume = {302},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {121{\textendash}134},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0170-8630},
	doi = {10.3354/meps302121},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps302121},
	author = {Dreyer, J C and Knick, K E and Flickinger, W B and Van Dover, C L}
}
@article {Voight2005,
	title = {{First report of the enigmatic echinoderm Xyloplax from the North Pacific}},
	journal = {Biological Bulletin},
	volume = {208},
	number = {2},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {77{\textendash}80},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0006-3185},
	url = {http://www.biolbull.org/cgi/reprint/208/2/77},
	author = {Voight, J R}
}
@article {Voight2005a,
	title = {{Hydrothermal vent octopus, Vulcanoctopus hydrothermalis, feeds on bathypelagic amphipods of Halice}},
	journal = {Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom},
	volume = {85},
	number = {4},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {985{\textendash}988},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0125-3154},
	doi = {10.1017/S0025315405011999},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0025315405011999},
	author = {Voight, J R}
}
@article {Ding2005,
	title = {{The in situ pH of hydrothermal fluids at mid-ocean ridges}},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {237},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {167{\textendash}174},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0012-821X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2005.04.041},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2005.04.041},
	author = {Ding, K and Seyfried, W E and Zhang, Z and Tivey, M K and Von Damm, K L and Bradley, A M}
}
@article {Vetriani2005,
	title = {{Mercury adaptation among bacteria from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent}},
	journal = {Applied and Environmental Microbiology},
	volume = {71},
	number = {1},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {220{\textendash}226},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0099-2240},
	doi = {10.1128/AEM.71.1.220-226.2005},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.71.1.220-226.2005},
	author = {Vetriani, C and Chew, Y S and Miller, S M and Yagi, J and Coombs, J and Lutz, T A and Barkay, T}
}
@article {Karson2005,
	title = {{Nested-scale investigation of tectonic windows into super-fast spread crust exposed at the Pito Deep Rift}},
	journal = {InterRidge Newsletter},
	volume = {14},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {5{\textendash}8},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle), ROV DSL-120 (Remotely Operated Vehicle), ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	url = {http://www.interridge.org/files/interridge/IR{\_}news{\_}14.pdf},
	author = {Karson, J A and Francheteau, J and Gee, J S and Gillis, K M and Hayman, N W and Hekinian, R and Hey, R N and Hurst, S D and Klein, E M and Naar, D P and Varga, R J and Party, Pito Deep 2005 Scientific}
}
@article {Komai2005,
	title = {{A new species of Alvinocaris (Crustacea : Decapoda : Caridea : Alvinocarididae) and a new record of A. muricola from methane seeps on the Blake Ridge Diapir, Northwestern Atlantic}},
	journal = {Zootaxa},
	number = {1019},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {27{\textendash}42},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {1175-5326},
	url = {http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2005/zt01019p042.pdf},
	author = {Komai, T and Shank, T M and Van Dover, C L}
}
@article {Beatty2005,
	title = {{An obligately photosynthetic bacterial anaerobe from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent}},
	journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
	volume = {102},
	number = {26},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {9306{\textendash}9310},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0027-8424},
	doi = {10.1073/pnas.0503674102},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0503674102},
	author = {Beatty, J T and Overmann, J and Lince, M T and Manske, A K and Lang, A S and Blankenship, R E and Van Dover, C L and Martinson, T A and Plumley, G F}
}
@article {Mills2005,
	title = {{Parasitism as a potential contributor to massive clam mortality at the Blake Ridge Diapir methane-hydrate seep}},
	journal = {Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom},
	volume = {85},
	number = {6},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {1489{\textendash}1497},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0125-3154},
	doi = {10.1017/S0025315405012683},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0025315405012683},
	author = {Mills, A M and Ward, M E and Heyl, T P and Van Dover, C L}
}
@article {Blake2005,
	title = {{The reproductive biology of Amathys lutzi, an ampharetid polychaete from hydrothermal vents on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge}},
	journal = {Invertebrate Biology},
	volume = {124},
	number = {3},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {254{\textendash}264},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {1077-8306},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1744-7410.2005.00022.x},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7410.2005.00022.x},
	author = {Blake, E A and Van Dover, C L}
}
@article {Turnipseed2004,
	title = {{Community structure in Florida Escarpment seep and Snake Pit (Mid-Atlantic Ridge) vent mussel beds}},
	journal = {Marine Biology},
	volume = {145},
	number = {1},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {121{\textendash}132},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0025-3162},
	doi = {10.1007/s00227-004-1304-z},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00227-004-1304-z},
	author = {Turnipseed, M and Jenkins, C D and Van Dover, C L}
}
@article {Hurtado2004,
	title = {{Distinct patterns of genetic differentiation among annelids of eastern Pacific hydrothermal vents}},
	journal = {Molecular Ecology},
	volume = {13},
	number = {9},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {2603{\textendash}2615},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0962-1083},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1365-294X.2004.02287.x},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2004.02287.x},
	author = {Hurtado, L A and Lutz, R A and Vrijenhoek, R C}
}
@article {VanDover2004,
	title = {{Experimental ecology at deep-sea hydrothermal vents: a perspective}},
	journal = {Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology},
	volume = {300},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {273{\textendash}307},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0022-0981},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jembe.2003.12.024},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2003.12.024},
	author = {Van Dover, C L and Lutz, R A}
}
@article {Smith2004,
	title = {{Genetic heterogeneity among New Zealand species of hydrothermal vent mussels (Mytilidae: Bathymodiolus)}},
	journal = {Marine Biology},
	volume = {144},
	number = {3},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {537{\textendash}545},
	issn = {0025-3162},
	doi = {10.1007/s00227-003-1207-4},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00227-003-1207-4},
	author = {Smith, P J and McVeagh, S M and Won, Y -J and Vrijenhoek, R C}
}
@inbook {German2004,
	title = {{Hydrothermal processes}},
	booktitle = {Treatise on geochemistry},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {181{\textendash}222},
	publisher = {Elsevier},
	organization = {Elsevier},
	address = {New York},
	isbn = {0080437516},
	author = {German, C R and Von Damm, K L},
	editor = {Turekian, K K}
}
@article {Goffredi2004a,
	title = {{Novel forms of structural integration between microbes and a hydrothermal vent gastropod from the Indian Ocean}},
	journal = {Applied and Environmental Microbiology},
	volume = {70},
	number = {5},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {3082{\textendash}3090},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {0099-2240},
	doi = {10.1128/AEM.70.5.3082-3090.2004},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.70.5.3082-3090.2004},
	author = {Goffredi, S K and Waren, A and Orphan, V J and Van Dover, C L and Vrijenhoek, R C}
}
@article {Terlizzi2004,
	title = {{Observations on parasitism in deep-sea hydrothermal vent and seep limpets}},
	journal = {Diseases of Aquatic Organisms},
	volume = {62},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {17{\textendash}26},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0177-5103},
	doi = {10.3354/dao062017},
	url = {http://www.int-res.com/articles/dao2004/62/d062p017.pdf},
	author = {Terlizzi, C M and Ward, M E and Van Dover, C L}
}
@article {Rouse2004,
	title = {{Osedax: Bone-eating marine worms with dwarf males}},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {305},
	number = {5684},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {668{\textendash}671},
	issn = {0036-8075},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1098650},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1098650},
	author = {Rouse, G W and Goffredi, S K and Vrijenhoek, R C}
}
@article {Varga2004,
	title = {{Paleomagnetic constraints on deformation models for uppermost oceanic crust exposed at the Hess Deep Rift: Implications for axial processes at the East Pacific Rise}},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
	volume = {109},
	number = {B2},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {B02104},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle), ROV Argo (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {0148-0227},
	doi = {10.1029/2003JB002486},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2003JB002486},
	author = {Varga, R J and Karson, J A and Gee, J S}
}
@article {Ward2004,
	title = {{Parasitism in species of Bathymodiolus (Bivalvia: Mytilidae) mussels from deep-sea seep and hydrothermal vents}},
	journal = {Diseases of Aquatic Organisms},
	volume = {62},
	number = {1},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {1{\textendash}16},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0177-5103},
	doi = {10.3354/dao062001},
	url = {http://www.int-res.com/articles/dao2004/62/d062p001.pdf},
	author = {Ward, M E and Shields, J D and Van Dover, C L}
}
@article {Sheader2004,
	title = {{Reproductive Ecology of Bouvierella curtirama (Amphipoda:Eusiridae) from chemically distinct vents in the Lucky Strike vent field, Mid-Atlantic Ridge}},
	journal = {Marine Biology},
	volume = {144},
	number = {3},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {503{\textendash}514},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {0025-3162},
	doi = {10.1007/s00227-003-1211-8},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00227-003-1211-8},
	author = {Sheader, M and Van Dover, C L and Thurston, M H}
}
@inbook {Fornari2004,
	title = {{Submarine lava flow emplacement at the East Pacific Rise 9 degrees 50{\textquoteright}N: Implications for uppermost ocean crust stratigraphy and hydrothermal fluid circulation}},
	booktitle = {Mid-ocean ridges: hydrothermal interactions between the lithosphere and ocean},
	series = {Geophysical Monograph},
	number = {148},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {187{\textendash}217},
	publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
	organization = {American Geophysical Union},
	address = {Washington, D.C.},
	isbn = {0875904130},
	author = {Fornari, D J and Tivey, M A and Schouten, H and Perfit, M R and Yoerger, D R and Bradley, A M and Edwards, M H and Haymon, R and Schreirer, D S and Von Damm, K L and Shank, T M and Soule, A},
	editor = {German, C R}
}
@article {Vetriani2004,
	title = {{Thermovibrio ammonificans sp. nov.: A thermophilic, chemolithotrophic, nitrate ammonifying bacterium from deep-sea hydrothermal vents.}},
	journal = {International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology},
	volume = {54},
	number = {1},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {175{\textendash}181},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {1456-5026},
	doi = {10.1099/ijs.0.02781-0},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.02781-0},
	author = {Vetriani, C and Speck, M D and Ellor, S V and Lutz, R A and Starovoytov, V}
}
@article {Raulfs2004,
	title = {{Tissue and symbiont condition of mussels (Bathymodiolus thermophilus) exposed to varying levels of hydrothermal activity}},
	journal = {Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom},
	volume = {84},
	number = {1},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {229{\textendash}234},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0025-3154},
	doi = {10.1017/S0025315404009087h},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0025315404009087h},
	author = {Raulfs, E C and Macko, S A and Van Dover, C L}
}
@article {Goffredi2004,
	title = {{Unusual benthic fauna associated with a whale fall in Monterey Canyon, California}},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
	volume = {51},
	number = {10},
	year = {2004},
	month = {oct},
	pages = {1295{\textendash}1306},
	issn = {0967-0637},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2004.05.009},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2004.05.009},
	author = {Goffredi, S K and Paull, C K and Fulton-Bennett, K and Hurtado, L A and Vrijenhoek, R C}
}
@article {Dreyer2004,
	title = {{Vesicomyicola trifurcata, a new genus and species of commensal polychaete (Annelida:Polychaeta:Nautiliniellidae) found in deep-sea clams from the Blake Ridge cold seep}},
	journal = {Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington},
	volume = {117},
	number = {1},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {106{\textendash}113},
	issn = {0006-324X},
	author = {Dreyer, J and Miura, T and Van Dover, C L}
}
@article {Little2003,
	title = {{Are hydrothermal vent animals living fossils?}},
	journal = {Trends in Ecology and Evolution},
	volume = {18},
	number = {11},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {582{\textendash}588},
	issn = {0169-5347},
	doi = {10.1016/j.tree.2003.08.009},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2003.08.009},
	author = {Little, C T S and Vrijenhoek, R C}
}
@article {VanDover2003a,
	title = {{Blake Ridge methane seeps: Characterization of a soft-sediment, chemosynthetically based ecosystem}},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
	volume = {50},
	number = {2},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {281{\textendash}300},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0967-0637},
	doi = {10.1016/S0967-0637(02)00162-0},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0637(02)00162-0},
	author = {Van Dover, C L and Aharon, P and Bernhard, J M and Caylor, E and Doerries, M B and Flickinger, W and Gilhooly, W and Goffredi, S K and Knick, K E and Macko, S A and Rapoport, S and Raulfs, E C and Ruppel, C and Salerno, J L and Seitz, R D and Sen Gupta, B K and Shank, T M and Turnipseed, M and Vrijenhoek, R C}
}
@article {Hurtado2003,
	title = {{Coupling of bacterial endosymbiont and host mitochondrial genomes in the hydrothermal vent clam Calyptogena magnifica}},
	journal = {Applied and Environmental Microbiology},
	volume = {69},
	number = {4},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {2058{\textendash}2064},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0099-2240},
	doi = {10.1128/AEM.69.4.2058-2064.2003},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.69.4.2058-2064.2003},
	author = {Hurtado, L A and Mateos, M and Lutz, R A and Vrijenhoek, R C}
}
@article {Won2003a,
	title = {{Cytonuclear disequilibrium in a hybrid zone involving deep-sea hydrothermal vent mussels of the genus Bathymodiolus}},
	journal = {Molecular Ecology},
	volume = {12},
	number = {11},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {3185{\textendash}3190},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0962-1083},
	doi = {10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003.01974.x},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003.01974.x},
	author = {Won, Y -J and Hallam, S J and O{\textquoteright}Mullan, G D and Vrijenhoek, R C}
}
@article {Won2003b,
	title = {{Dispersal barriers and isolation among deep-sea mussel populations (Mytilidae: Bathymodiolus) from eastern Pacific hydrothermal vents}},
	journal = {Molecular Ecology},
	volume = {12},
	number = {1},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {169{\textendash}184},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0962-1083},
	doi = {10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003.01726.x},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003.01726.x},
	author = {Won, Y -J and Young, C R and Lutz, R A and Vrijenhoek, R C}
}
@article {Turnipseed2003,
	title = {{Diversity in mussel-beds at deep-sea hydrothermal vents and cold seeps}},
	journal = {Ecology Letters},
	volume = {6},
	number = {6},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {518{\textendash}523},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {1461-023X},
	doi = {10.1046/j.1461-0248.2003.00465.x},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1461-0248.2003.00465.x},
	author = {Turnipseed, M and Knick, K E and Lipcius, R N and Dreyer, J and Van Dover, C L}
}
@article {Won2003,
	title = {{Environmental acquisition of thiotrophic endosymbionts by deep-sea mussels of the genus Bathymodiolus}},
	journal = {Applied and Environmental Microbiology},
	volume = {69},
	number = {11},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {6785{\textendash}6792},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0099-2240},
	doi = {10.1128/AEM.69.11.6785-6792.2003},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.69.11.6785-6792.2003},
	author = {Won, Y -J and Hallam, S J and O{\textquoteright}Mullan, G D and Pan, I L and Buck, K R and Vrijenhoek, R C}
}
@article {Goto2003,
	title = {{Estimate of heat flux and its temporal variation at the TAG hydrothermal mound, Mid-Atlantic Ridge 26{\textdegree}N}},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
	volume = {108},
	number = {B9},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {2434},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0148-0227},
	doi = {10.1029/2001JB000703},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001JB000703},
	author = {Goto, S and Kinoshita, M and Schultz, A and Von Herzen, R P}
}
@article {Goffredi2003,
	title = {{Evolutionary relationships of deep-sea vent and cold seep clams (Mollusca: Vesicomyidae) of the "pacifica/lepta" species complex}},
	journal = {Marine Biology},
	volume = {142},
	number = {2},
	year = {2003},
	month = {feb},
	pages = {311{\textendash}320},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0025-3162},
	doi = {10.1007/s00227-002-0941-3},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00227-002-0941-3},
	author = {Goffredi, S K and Hurtado, L A and Hallam, S J and Vrijenhoek, R C}
}
@article {VonDamm2003,
	title = {{Extraordinary phase separation and segregation in vent fluids from the southern East Pacific Rise}},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {206},
	number = {3-4},
	year = {2003},
	month = {feb},
	pages = {365{\textendash}378},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0012-821X},
	doi = {10.1016/S0012-821X(02)01081-6},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(02)01081-6},
	author = {Von Damm, K L and Lilley, M D and Shanks, W C and Brockington, M and Bray, A M and O{\textquoteright}Grady, K M and Olson, E J and Graham, A and Proskurowski, G and Party, SouEPR Science}
}
@article {Ward2003,
	title = {{Functional morphology and feeding strategy of the hydrothermal-vent polychaete Archinome rosacea (Amphinomidae)}},
	journal = {Canadian Journal of Zoology},
	volume = {81},
	number = {4},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {582{\textendash}590},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0008-4301},
	doi = {10.1139/z03-034},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z03-034},
	author = {Ward, M E and Jenkins, C D and Van Dover, C L}
}
@mastersthesis {Veirs2003,
	title = {{Heat flux and hydrography at a submarine volcano: Observations and models of the Main Endeavour vent field in the northeast Pacific}},
	volume = {Ph.D.},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {222},
	school = {University of Washington},
	type = {phd},
	address = {Seattle, Wash.},
	keywords = {AUV ABE (Autonomous Benthic Explorer), HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	url = {http://www.econscience.org/scott/pubs/thesis.pdf},
	author = {Veirs, S R}
}
@article {Doerries2003,
	title = {{Higher-taxon richness as a surrogate for species richness in chemosynthetic communities}},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
	volume = {50},
	number = {6},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {749{\textendash}755},
	issn = {0967-0637},
	doi = {10.1016/S0967-0637(03)00052-9},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0637(03)00052-9},
	author = {Doerries, M B and Van Dover, C L}
}
@article {Fornari2003,
	title = {{High-T hydrothermal vent monitoring at the East Pacific Rise 9 degrees 50{\textquoteright}N and a new, improved 64k memory high-T vent fluid temperature logger}},
	journal = {Ridge 2000 Events},
	volume = {1},
	number = {1},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {21{\textendash}25},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	url = {http://www.ridge2000.org/science/downloads/newsletters/R2KNews0403.pdf},
	author = {Fornari, D J and Gray, R and Olsson, M and Von Damm, K L}
}
@article {Waren2003,
	title = {{A hot-vent gastropod with iron-sulphide dermal sclerites}},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {302},
	number = {5647},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {1007},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {0036-8075},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1087696},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1087696},
	author = {Waren, A and Bengtson, S and Goffredi, S K and Van Dover, C L}
}
@article {Beard2003,
	title = {{Iron isotope constraints on Fe cycling and mass balance in oxygenated Earth oceans}},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {31},
	number = {7},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {629{\textendash}632},
	issn = {0091-7613},
	doi = {10.1130/0091-7613(2003)031<0629:IICOFC>2.0.CO;2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2003)031{\%}3C0629:IICOFC{\%}3E2.0.CO 2},
	author = {Beard, B L and Johnson, C M and Von Damm, K L and Poulson, R L}
}
@article {VanDover2003,
	title = {{Local, regional, and biogeographic variation in community structure within hydrothermal-vent mussel beds of the East Pacific Rise}},
	journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series},
	volume = {253},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {55{\textendash}56},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0171-8630},
	doi = {10.3354/meps253055},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps253055},
	author = {Van Dover, C L}
}
@article {Copley2003,
	title = {{Spatial variation in the reproductive development of Paralvinella palmiformis (Polychaeta: Alvinellidae) from the High Rise vent field (Endeavour Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge): Relation to a successional mosaic model}},
	journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series},
	volume = {255},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {171{\textendash}181},
	issn = {0170-8630},
	doi = {10.3354/meps255171},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps255171},
	author = {Copley, J T P and Tyler, P A and Van Dover, C L and Philip, S J}
}
@article {Tyler2003,
	title = {{Understanding the biogeography of chemosynthetic ecosystems.}},
	journal = {Oceanologica Acta},
	volume = {25},
	number = {5},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {227{\textendash}241},
	issn = {0399-1784},
	doi = {10.1016/S0399-1784(02)01202-1},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0399-1784(02)01202-1},
	author = {Tyler, P A and German, C R and Ramirez-Llodra, E and Van Dover, C L}
}
@article {White2002a,
	title = {{Ambient light emission from hydrothermal vents on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge}},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {29},
	number = {15},
	year = {2002},
	pages = {Article no 1744},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1029/2002GL014977},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2002GL014977},
	author = {White, S N and Chave, A D and Reynolds, G T and Van Dover, C L}
}
@article {Fox2002,
	title = {{Chemoautotrophy as a possible nutritional source in the hydrothermal vent limpet Lepetodrilus fucensis}},
	journal = {Cahiers de Biologie Marine},
	volume = {43},
	number = {3-4},
	year = {2002},
	pages = {371{\textendash}376},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0007-9723},
	url = {http://cbm-online.sb-roscoff.fr/pdf/cb43-3-371-376.pdf},
	author = {Fox, M and Juniper, S K and Vali, H}
}
@article {VanDover2002b,
	title = {{Community structure of mussel beds at deep-sea hydrothermal vents}},
	journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series},
	volume = {230},
	year = {2002},
	pages = {137{\textendash}158},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0171-8630},
	doi = {10.3354/meps230137},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps230137},
	author = {Van Dover, C L}
}
@article {Jenkins2002,
	title = {{The digestive system of the hydrothermal vent polychaete Galapagomystides aristata (Phyllodocidae): Evidence for hematophagy?}},
	journal = {Invertebrate Biology},
	volume = {121},
	number = {3},
	year = {2002},
	pages = {243{\textendash}254},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {1077-8306},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1744-7410.2002.tb00064.x},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7410.2002.tb00064.x},
	author = {Jenkins, C D and Ward, M E and Turnipseed, M and Osterberg, J and Van Dover, C L}
}
@article {VanDover2002,
	title = {{Evolution and biogeography of deep-sea vent and seep invertebrates}},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {295},
	number = {5558},
	year = {2002},
	pages = {1253{\textendash}1257},
	issn = {0036-8075},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1067361},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1067361},
	author = {Van Dover, C L and German, C R and Speer, K G and Parson, L M and Vrijenhoek, R C}
}
@article {Biscoito2002,
	title = {{Fishes from the hydrothermal vents and cold seeps: An update}},
	journal = {Cahiers de Biologie Marine},
	volume = {43},
	number = {3-4},
	year = {2002},
	pages = {359{\textendash}362},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle), ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {0007-9723},
	url = {http://cbm-online.sb-roscoff.fr/pdf/cb43-3-359-362.pdf},
	author = {Biscoito, M and Segonzac, M and Almeida, A J and Desbruyeres, D and Geistdoerfer, P and Turnipseed, M and Van Dover, C L}
}
@article {Won2002,
	title = {{Habitat reversal in vent and seep mussels: seep species, Bathymodiolus heckerae, derived from vent ancestors}},
	journal = {Cahiers de Biologie Marine},
	volume = {43},
	number = {3-4},
	year = {2002},
	pages = {387{\textendash}390},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0007-9723},
	url = {http://cbm-online.sb-roscoff.fr/pdf/cb43-3-387-390.pdf},
	author = {Won, Y -J and Maas, P A Y and Van Dover, C L and Vrijenhoek, R C}
}
@article {Mullineaux2002,
	title = {{Implications of cross-axis flow for larval dispersal along mid-ocean ridges.}},
	journal = {Cahiers de Biologie Marine},
	volume = {43},
	number = {3-4},
	year = {2002},
	pages = {281{\textendash}284},
	issn = {0007-9723},
	url = {http://cbm-online.sb-roscoff.fr/pdf/cb43-3-281-284.pdf},
	author = {Mullineaux, L S and Speer, K G and Thurnherr, A M and Maltrud, M E and Vangriesheim, A}
}
@booklet {Beard2002,
	title = {{Iron isotope constraints on Fe cycling and mass balance in the oxygenated Earth}},
	howpublished = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
	volume = {66},
	number = {Supplement 1},
	year = {2002},
	pages = {A58},
	isbn = {0016-7037},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00167037},
	author = {Beard, B L and Johnson, C M and Von Damm, K L}
}
@article {Hurtado2002,
	title = {{Molecular evidence for multiple species of Oasisia (Annelida: Siboglinidae) at eastern Pacific hydrothermal vents}},
	journal = {Cahiers de Biologie Marine},
	volume = {43},
	number = {3-4},
	year = {2002},
	pages = {377{\textendash}380},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0007-9723},
	url = {http://cbm-online.sb-roscoff.fr/pdf/cb43-3-377-380.pdf},
	author = {Hurtado, L A and Mateos, M and Lutz, R A and Vrijenhoek, R C}
}
@article {Guinot2002,
	title = {{New genus and species of brachyuran crab from the southern East Pacific Rise (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Bythograeidae)}},
	journal = {Comptes rendus Biologies},
	volume = {325},
	number = {11},
	year = {2002},
	pages = {1143{\textendash}1152},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {1631-0691},
	doi = {10.1016/S1631-0691(02)01520-2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1631-0691(02)01520-2},
	author = {Guinot, D and Hurtado, L A and Vrijenhoek, R C}
}
@article {Pond2002,
	title = {{Origins of long-chain, polyunsaturated fatty acids in the hydrothermal vent worms, Ridgea piscesae and Protis hydrothermica}},
	journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series},
	volume = {225},
	year = {2002},
	pages = {219{\textendash}226},
	issn = {0171-8630},
	doi = {10.3354/meps225219},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps225219},
	author = {Pond, D W and Allen, C E and Bell, M V and Van Dover, C L and Fallick, A E and Dixon, D R and Sargent, J R}
}
@article {Chevaldonne2002,
	title = {{Sister species of eastern Pacific hydrothermal vent worms (Ampharetidae, Alvinellidae, Vestimentifera) provide new mitochondrial COI clock calibration}},
	journal = {Cahiers de Biologie Marine},
	volume = {43},
	number = {3-4},
	year = {2002},
	pages = {367{\textendash}370},
	issn = {0007-9723},
	url = {http://cbm-online.sb-roscoff.fr/pdf/cb43-3-367-370.pdf},
	author = {Chevaldonne, P and Jollivet, D and Desbruyeres, D and Lutz, R A and Vrijenhoek, R C}
}
@article {VanDover2002a,
	title = {{Trophic relationships among invertebrates at the Kairei hydrothermal vent field (Central Indian Ridge)}},
	journal = {Marine Biology},
	volume = {141},
	number = {4},
	year = {2002},
	pages = {761{\textendash}772},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {0025-3162},
	doi = {10.1007/s00227-002-0865-y},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00227-002-0865-y},
	author = {Van Dover, C L}
}
@inbook {Vetriani2001,
	title = {{Archaea, Origin of}},
	booktitle = {Encyclopedia of biodiversity},
	volume = {1},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {219{\textendash}230},
	publisher = {Academic Press},
	organization = {Academic Press},
	address = {San Diego, Calif.},
	isbn = {0122268652},
	author = {Vetriani, C},
	editor = {Levin, S}
}
@article {VanDover2001,
	title = {{Biogeography and ecological setting of Indian Ocean hydrothermal vents}},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {294},
	number = {5543},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {818{\textendash}823},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0036-8075},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1064574},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1064574},
	author = {Van Dover, C L and Humphris, S E and Fornari, D J and Cavanaugh, C M and Collier, R and Goffredi, S K and Hashimoto, J and Lilley, M D and Reysenbach, A -L and Shank, T M and Von Damm, K L and Banta, A and Gallant, R M and Gotz, D and Green, D and Hall, J and Harmer, T L and Hurtado, L A and Johnson, P and McKiness, Z P and Meredith, C and Olson, E J and Pan, I L and Turnipseed, M and Won, Y -J and Young, C R and Vrijenhoek, R C}
}
@article {Kolber2001,
	title = {{Contribution of aerobic photoheterotrophic bacteria to the carbon cycle in the ocean}},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {292},
	number = {5526},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {2492{\textendash}2495},
	issn = {0036-8075},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1059707},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1059707},
	author = {Kolber, Z S and Plumley, F G and Lang, A S and Beatty, J T and Blankenship, R E and Van Dover, C L and Vetriani, C and Koblizek, M and Rathgeber, C and Falkowski, P G}
}
@article {VanDover2001a,
	title = {{Corralling of larvae in the deep sea}},
	journal = {Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom},
	volume = {81},
	number = {5},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {823{\textendash}826},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0125-3154},
	doi = {10.1017/S0025315401004659},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0025315401004659},
	author = {Van Dover, C L and Jenkins, C D and Turnipseed, M}
}
@article {Klages2001,
	title = {{Deep-sea food falls: first observation of a natural event in the Arctic Ocean}},
	journal = {Polar Biology},
	volume = {24},
	number = {4},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {292{\textendash}295},
	issn = {0722-4060},
	doi = {10.1007/s003000000199},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003000000199},
	author = {Klages, M and Vopel, K and Bluhm, H and Brey, T and Soltwedel, T and Arntz, W E}
}
@article {OMullan2001,
	title = {{A hybrid zone between hydrothermal vent mussels (Bivalvia: Mytilidae) from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge}},
	journal = {Molecular Ecology},
	volume = {10},
	number = {12},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {2819{\textendash}2831},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0962-1083},
	doi = {10.1046/j.0962-1083.2001.01401.x},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0962-1083.2001.01401.x},
	author = {O{\textquoteright}Mullan, G D and Maas, P A Y and Lutz, R A and Vrijenhoek, R C}
}
@inbook {VonDamm2001a,
	title = {{Hydrothermal vents, Chemistry of}},
	booktitle = {Encyclopedia of ocean sciences},
	volume = {2 (D-H)},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {1246{\textendash}1253},
	publisher = {Academic Press},
	organization = {Academic Press},
	address = {San Diego, Calif.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	isbn = {0122274326},
	doi = {10.1006/rwos.2001.0101},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/rwos.2001.0101},
	author = {Von Damm, K L},
	editor = {Steele, J H}
}
@article {Allen2001,
	title = {{Lipid composition of the hydrothermal vent clam Calyptogena pacifica (Mollusca: Bivalvia) as a trophic indicator}},
	journal = {Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom},
	volume = {81},
	number = {5},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {817{\textendash}821},
	abstract = {Specimens of the chemoautotrophic symbiont-bearing hydrothermal vent clam Calyptogena pacifica were collected from hydrothermal vents at the Endeavour segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge. Total lipid was extracted from gill, foot and mantle tissues, and lipid class and fatty acid composition determined by thin layer chromatography with flame ionization detection (TLC{\textendash}FID), gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC{\textendash}MS). An abundance of n{\textendash}7 monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), especially in the gill, reflected the large contribution of chemoautotrophic symbiotic bacteria to the nutrition of this clam. The absence of n{\textendash}8 MUFA suggests that C. pacifica does not contain methanotrophic symbiotic bacteria. Low levels of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) such as 20:5 n{\textendash}3 and 22:6 n{\textendash}3 were detected in C. pacifica and their presence is attributed to a source other than chemoautotrophic symbiotic bacteria. Significant levels of non-methylene interrupted dienoic fatty acids and eicosatrienoic acid (20:3) were also detected in C. pacifica and it is suggested that these fatty acids are synthesized from n{\textendash}7 MUFA as alternatives to HUFA. In contrast to shallow water bivalves, elevated levels of triglyceride were detected in the gills compared to the mantle.},
	issn = {0125-3154},
	doi = {10.1017/S0025315401004647},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0025315401004647},
	author = {Allen, C E and Tyler, P A and Van Dover, C L}
}
@article {VonDamm2001,
	title = {{Lost City found}},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {412},
	number = {6843},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {127{\textendash}128},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0028-0836},
	doi = {10.1038/35084297},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35084297},
	author = {Von Damm, K L}
}
@article {Smith2001b,
	title = {{Magmatic processes and segmentation at a fast spreading mid-ocean ridge: Detailed investigation of an axial discontinuity on the East Pacific Rise crest at 9 degrees 37{\textquoteright} N}},
	journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
	volume = {2},
	number = {10},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {2000GC000134},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {1525-2027},
	doi = {10.1029/2000GC000134},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000GC000134},
	author = {Smith, M C and Perfit, M R and Fornari, D J and Ridley, W I and Edwards, M H and Kurras, G J and Von Damm, K L}
}
@article {Halanych2001,
	title = {{Molecular evidence that Sclerolinum brattstromi Is closely related to Vestimentiferans, not to Frenulate pogonophorans (Siboglinidae, Annelida)}},
	journal = {Biological Bulletin},
	volume = {201},
	number = {1},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {65{\textendash}75},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0006-3185},
	url = {http://www.biolbull.org/cgi/reprint/201/1/65.pdf},
	author = {Halanych, K M and Feldman, R A and Vrijenhoek, R C}
}
@article {Voight2001,
	title = {{Morphological deformation in preserved specimens of the deep-sea octopus Graneledone}},
	journal = {Journal of Molluscan Studies},
	volume = {67},
	number = {1},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {95{\textendash}102},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0260-1230},
	doi = {10.1093/mollus/67.1.95},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mollus/67.1.95},
	author = {Voight, J R}
}
@article {Ravizza2001,
	title = {{Sr isotope variations in vent fluids from 9 degrees 46{\textquoteright}-9 degrees 54{\textquoteright}N East Pacific Rise: Evidence of a non-zero-Mg fluid component}},
	journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
	volume = {65},
	number = {5},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {729{\textendash}739},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0016-7037},
	doi = {10.1016/S0016-7037(00)00590-1},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(00)00590-1},
	author = {Ravizza, G and Blusztajn, J and Von Damm, K L and Bray, A M and Bach, W and Hart, S R}
}
@inbook {Vetriani2000,
	title = {{Archaea}},
	booktitle = {Encyclopedia of microbiology},
	volume = {1},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {319{\textendash}331},
	publisher = {Academic Press},
	organization = {Academic Press},
	address = {San Diego, Calif.},
	isbn = {0122268008},
	author = {Vetriani, C and Reysenbach, A -L},
	editor = {Lederberg, L}
}
@article {Kolber2000,
	title = {{Bacterial photosynthesis in the surface waters of the open ocean}},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {407},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {177{\textendash}179},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0028-0836},
	doi = {10.1038/35025044},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35025044},
	author = {Kolber, Z S and Van Dover, C L and Niederman, R A and Falkowski, P G}
}
@article {Pancost2000,
	title = {{Biomarker evidence for widespread anaerobic methane oxidation in Mediterranean sediments by a consortium of methanogenic archaea and bacteria}},
	journal = {Applied and Environmental Microbiology},
	volume = {66},
	number = {3},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {1126{\textendash}1132},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0099-2240},
	doi = {10.1128/AEM.66.3.1126-1132.2000},
	url = {http://aem.asm.org/cgi/content/abstract/66/3/1126},
	author = {Pancost, R D and Damste, J S S and De Lint, S and Van der Maarel, M J and Gottschal, J C}
}
@article {VonDamm2000,
	title = {{Chemistry of hydrothermal vent fluids from 9 degrees -10 degrees N, East Pacific Rise: {\textquoteright}Time zero,{\textquoteright} the immediate posteruptive period}},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
	volume = {105},
	number = {B5},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {11,203{\textendash}211,222},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0148-0227},
	doi = {10.1029/1999JB900414},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999JB900414},
	author = {Von Damm, K L}
}
@article {Gebruk2000,
	title = {{Deep-sea hydrothermal vent communities of the Logatchev area (14 degrees 45{\textquoteright}N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge): Diverse biotypes and high biomass}},
	journal = {Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom},
	volume = {80},
	number = {3},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {383{\textendash}393},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0025-3154},
	doi = {10.1017/S0025315499002088},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0025315499002088},
	author = {Gebruk, A V and Chevaldonne, P and Shank, T M and Lutz, R A and Vrijenhoek, R C}
}
@article {Voight2000,
	title = {{A deep-sea octopus (Graneledone cf. boreopacifica) as a shell-crushing hydrothermal vent predator}},
	journal = {Journal of Zoology},
	volume = {252},
	number = {3},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {335{\textendash}341},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0952-8369},
	doi = {10.1017/S0952836900000078},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0952836900000078},
	author = {Voight, J R}
}
@article {Johnson2000a,
	title = {{Density and porosity of upper oceanic crust from seafloor gravity measurements}},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {27},
	number = {7},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {1053{\textendash}1056},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1029/1999GL011130},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999GL011130},
	author = {Johnson, H P and Pruis, M J and Van Patten, D and Tivey, M A}
}
@article {Voight2000b,
	title = {{The distribution of octopuses of Graneledone (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae) in reference to deep-sea features}},
	journal = {Malacologia},
	volume = {42},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {63{\textendash}74},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0076-2997},
	author = {Voight, J R}
}
@article {VanDover2000,
	title = {{Diversity at deep-sea hydrothermal vent and intertidal mussel beds}},
	journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series},
	volume = {195},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {169{\textendash}178},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0171-8630},
	doi = {10.3354/meps195169},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps195169},
	author = {Van Dover, C L and Trask, J L}
}
@article {Voight2000a,
	title = {{Egg brooding by deep-sea octopuses in the North Pacific Ocean}},
	journal = {Biological Bulletin},
	volume = {198},
	number = {1},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {94{\textendash}100},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0006-3185},
	url = {http://www.biolbull.org/cgi/reprint/198/1/94},
	author = {Voight, J R and Grehan, A J}
}
@article {DiMeo2000,
	title = {{Genetic variation among endosymbionts of widely distributed vestimentiferan tubeworms}},
	journal = {Applied and Environmental Microbiology},
	volume = {66},
	number = {2},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {651{\textendash}658},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0099-2240},
	doi = {10.1128/AEM.66.2.651-658.2000},
	url = {http://aem.asm.org/cgi/content/abstract/66/2/651},
	author = {Di Meo, C A and Wilbur, A E and Holben, W E and Feldman, R A and Vrijenhoek, R C and Cary, S C}
}
@article {Vinogradov2000,
	title = {{Growth rate of the colony of a deep-water gorgonarian Chrysogorgia agassizi: In situ observations}},
	journal = {Ophelia},
	volume = {53},
	number = {2},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {101{\textendash}103},
	issn = {0078-5326},
	author = {Vinogradov, G M}
}
@article {Galgani2000,
	title = {{Litter on the sea floor along European coasts}},
	journal = {Marine Pollution Bulletin},
	volume = {40},
	number = {6},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {516{\textendash}527},
	issn = {0025-326X},
	doi = {10.1016/S0025-326X(99)00234-9},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0025-326X(99)00234-9},
	author = {Galgani, F and Leaute, J P and Moguedet, P and Souplet, A and Verin, Y and Carpentier, A and Goraguer, H and Latrouite, D and Andral, B and Cadiou, Y and Mahe, J C and Poulard, J C and Nerisson, P}
}
@article {Peek2000,
	title = {{Neutral and nonneutral mitochondrial genetic variation in deep-sea clams from the family Vesicomyidae}},
	journal = {Journal of Molecular Evolution},
	volume = {50},
	number = {2},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {141{\textendash}153},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0022-2844},
	doi = {10.1007/s002399910016},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002399910016},
	author = {Peek, A S and Gaut, B S and Feldman, R A and Barry, J P and Kochevar, R E and Lutz, R A and Vrijenhoek, R C}
}
@inbook {Purcell2000,
	title = {{New capabilities of the REMUS autonomous underwater vehicle}},
	booktitle = {Oceans 2000 MTS/IEEE: where marine science and technology meet},
	volume = {1},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {147{\textendash}151},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	address = {Piscataway, N.J.},
	isbn = {0-7803-6551-8},
	doi = {10.1109/OCEANS.2000.881250},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2000.881250},
	author = {Purcell, M and von Alt, C and Allen, B and Austin, T and Forrester, N and Goldsborough, R and Stokey, R}
}
@inbook {Allen2000,
	title = {{Propulsion system performance enhancements on REMUS AUVs}},
	booktitle = {Oceans 2000 MTS/IEEE: where marine science and technology meet},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {1869{\textendash}1873},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	address = {Piscataway, N.J.},
	isbn = {0-7803-6551-8},
	doi = {10.1109/OCEANS.2000.882209},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2000.882209},
	author = {Allen, B and Vorus, W S and Prestero, T}
}
@article {Sheader2000,
	title = {{Structure and function of Halice hesmonectes (Amphipoda: Pardaliscidae) swarms from hydrothermal vents in the eastern Pacific}},
	journal = {Marine Biology},
	volume = {136},
	number = {5},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {901{\textendash}911},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0025-3162},
	doi = {10.1007/s002270000300},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002270000300},
	author = {Sheader, M and Van Dover, C L and Shank, T M}
}
@article {White2000,
	title = {{Variations in ambient light emission from black smokers and flange pools on the Juan de Fuca Ridge.}},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {27},
	number = {8},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {1151{\textendash}1154},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1029/1999GL011074},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999GL011074},
	author = {White, S N and Chave, A D and Reynolds, G T and Gaidos, E J and Tyson, J A and Van Dover, C L}
}
@article {Vinogradov2000a,
	title = {{Vertical distribution of zooplankton at the periphery of the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre}},
	journal = {Proceedings of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Biological Series},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {496{\textendash}510},
	issn = {0002-3329},
	author = {Vinogradov, M E and Vereshchaka, A L and Vinigradov, G M and Musaeva, E I}
}
@article {Halanych1999,
	title = {{Brief description of biological communities at 7 degrees S on the East Pacific Rise}},
	journal = {InterRidge News},
	volume = {8},
	number = {2},
	year = {1999},
	pages = {23{\textendash}27},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	url = {http://interridge.whoi.edu/files/interridge/IRNewsVol8-2.pdf},
	author = {Halanych, K M and Tieger, M and O{\textquoteright}Mullan, G D and Lutz, R A and Vrijenhoek, R C}
}
@article {Baco1999,
	title = {{The phylogenetic relationships of whale-fall vesicomyid clams based on mitochondrial COI DNA sequences}},
	journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series},
	volume = {182},
	year = {1999},
	pages = {137{\textendash}147},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0171-8630},
	doi = {10.3354/meps182137},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps182137},
	author = {Baco, A R and Smith, C R and Peek, A S and Roderick, G K and Vrijenhoek, R C}
}
@article {Vetriani1999,
	title = {{Population structure and phylogenetic characterization of marine benthic Archaea in deep-sea sediments}},
	journal = {Applied and Environmental Microbiology},
	volume = {65},
	number = {10},
	year = {1999},
	pages = {4375{\textendash}4384},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0099-2240},
	url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=91581},
	author = {Vetriani, C and Jannasch, H W and MacGregor, B J and Stahl, D A and Reysenbach, A -L}
}
@article {VanDover1999,
	title = {{Reproductive biology: deep-sea clams feel the heat}},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {397},
	number = {6716},
	year = {1999},
	pages = {205{\textendash}207},
	issn = {0028-0836},
	doi = {10.1038/16580},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/16580},
	author = {Van Dover, C L}
}
@article {Lutz1998,
	title = {{A deep-sea hydrothermal vent community dominated by Stauromedusae}},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
	volume = {45},
	number = {1-3},
	year = {1998},
	pages = {329{\textendash}334},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0967-0645},
	doi = {10.1016/S0967-0645(97)00047-7},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(97)00047-7},
	author = {Lutz, R A and Desbruyeres, D and Shank, T M and Vrijenhoek, R C}
}
@article {VonDamm1998,
	title = {{The geochemical controls on vent fluids from the Lucky Strike vent field, Mid-Atlantic Ridge}},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {160},
	number = {3-4},
	year = {1998},
	pages = {521{\textendash}536},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle), ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {0012-821X},
	doi = {10.1016/S0012-821X(98)00108-3},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(98)00108-3},
	author = {Von Damm, K L and Bray, A M and Buttermore, L G and Oosting, S E}
}
@inbook {Vetriani1998,
	title = {{Improving enzyme thermostability: The Thermococcus litoralis glutamate dehydrogenase model}},
	booktitle = {New developments in marine biotechnology},
	year = {1998},
	pages = {221{\textendash}225},
	publisher = {Plenum Press},
	organization = {Plenum Press},
	address = {New York},
	isbn = {0306459078},
	author = {Vetriani, C and Maeder, D L and Tolliday, N and Klump, H H and Yip, K S P and Rice, D W and Robb, F T},
	editor = {Le Gal, Y}
}
@article {Bachmayer1998,
	title = {{Oceanographic research using remotely operated underwater robotic vehicles: exploration of hydrothermal vent sites on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at 37 North 32 West}},
	journal = {Marine Technology Society Journal},
	volume = {32},
	number = {3},
	year = {1998},
	pages = {37{\textendash}47},
	keywords = {ROV Argo (Remotely Operated Vehicle), ROV DSL-120 (Remotely Operated Vehicle), ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle), ROV Medea (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {0025-3324},
	author = {Bachmayer, R and Humphris, S E and Fornari, D J and Van Dover, C L and Howland, J and Bowen, A and Elder, R and Crook, T and Gleason, D E and Sellers, W and Lerner, S}
}
@article {Black1998,
	title = {{Population genetics and biogeography of vestimentiferan tube worms}},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
	volume = {45},
	number = {1-3},
	year = {1998},
	pages = {365{\textendash}382},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0967-0645},
	doi = {10.1016/S0967-0645(97)00076-3},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(97)00076-3},
	author = {Black, M B and Trivedi, A and Maas, P A Y and Lutz, R A and Vrijenhoek, R C}
}
@article {Sohn1998,
	title = {{Seismic and hydrothermal evidence for a cracking event on the East Pacific Rise at 9 degrees 50{\textquoteright}N}},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {396},
	number = {6707},
	year = {1998},
	pages = {159{\textendash}161},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0028-0836},
	doi = {10.1038/24146},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/24146},
	author = {Sohn, R A and Fornari, D J and Von Damm, K L and Hildebrand, J A and Webb, S C}
}
@article {Calder1998a,
	title = {{Some hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge in the north Atlantic Ocean}},
	journal = {Zoologische Verhandelingen},
	volume = {319},
	year = {1998},
	pages = {1{\textendash}65},
	issn = {0024-1652},
	author = {Calder, D R and Vervoort, W}
}
@article {Shank1998,
	title = {{Temporal and spatial patterns of biological community development at nascent deep-sea hydrothermal vents (9 degrees 50{\textquoteright}N, East Pacific Rise)}},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
	volume = {45},
	number = {1-3},
	year = {1998},
	pages = {465{\textendash}515},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0967-0645},
	doi = {10.1016/S0967-0645(97)00089-1},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(97)00089-1},
	author = {Shank, T M and Fornari, D J and Von Damm, K L and Lilley, M D and Haymon, R M and Lutz, R A}
}
@article {Fornari1998b,
	title = {{Time-series temperature measurements at high-temperature hydrothermal vents, East Pacific Rise 9 degrees 49{\textquoteright}-51{\textquoteright}N; evidence for monitoring a crustal cracking event}},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {160},
	number = {3-4},
	year = {1998},
	pages = {419{\textendash}431},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0012-821X},
	doi = {10.1016/S0012-821X(98)00101-0},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(98)00101-0},
	author = {Fornari, D J and Shank, T M and Von Damm, K L and Gregg, T K P and Lilley, M and Levai, G and Bray, A and Haymon, R M and Perfit, M R and Lutz, R}
}
@book {VanDover1997,
	title = {{Deep-ocean journeys: Discovering new life at the bottom of the sea}},
	year = {1997},
	pages = {197},
	publisher = {Addison-Wesley},
	organization = {Addison-Wesley},
	address = {Reading, Mass.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	isbn = {0201154986},
	author = {Van Dover, C L}
}
@article {Orange1997,
	title = {{Headless submarine canyons and fluid flow on the toe of the Cascadia accretionary complex}},
	journal = {Basin Research},
	volume = {9},
	number = {4},
	year = {1997},
	pages = {303{\textendash}312},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0950-091X},
	doi = {10.1046/j.1365-2117.1997.00045.x},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2117.1997.00045.x},
	author = {Orange, D L and Screaton, E J and Chezar, H and Lee, H and Reid, M and Vail, R and McAdoo, B G and Casey Moore, J and Tobin, H}
}
@article {Langmuir1997,
	title = {{Hydrothermal vents near a mantle hot spot: The Lucky Strike vent field at 37 degrees N on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge}},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {148},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {1997},
	pages = {69{\textendash}91},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0012-821X},
	doi = {10.1016/S0012-821X(97)00027-7},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(97)00027-7},
	author = {Langmuir, C and Humphris, S E and Fornari, D J and Van Dover, C L and Von Damm, K L and Tivey, M K and Colodner, D and Charlou, J L and Desonie, D and Wilson, D and Fouquet, Y and Klinkhammer, G and Bougault, H}
}
@article {Becker1996a,
	title = {{Conductive heat flow at the TAG active hydrothermal mound: results from the 1993-1995 submersible surveys}},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {23},
	number = {23},
	year = {1996},
	pages = {3463{\textendash}3466},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1029/96GL00969},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/96GL00969},
	author = {Becker, K and Von Herzen, R and Kirklin, J and Evans, R and Kadko, D and Kinoshita, M and Matsubayashi, O and Mills, R and Schultz, A and Rona, P}
}
@inbook {Kleinrock1996,
	title = {{Detailed structure and morphology of the TAG active hydrothermal mound and its geotectonic environment}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Initial reports},
	volume = {158},
	year = {1996},
	pages = {15{\textendash}21},
	publisher = {Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A{\&}M University},
	organization = {Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A{\&}M University},
	address = {College Station, Tex.},
	keywords = {ROV Argo (Remotely Operated Vehicle), ROV DSL-120 (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	doi = {10.2973/odp.proc.ir.158.102.1996},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.ir.158.102.1996},
	author = {Kleinrock, M C and Humphris, S E and Shaw, P and Bowen, A and Crook, T and Davis, C S and Elder, R and Gleason, D E and Goff, J and Goldstein, L and Handley, W and Howland, J and Hussenoeder, S and Koga, K and Lerner, S and Nakamura, K and Rashid, M and Reiser Wetzel, L and Sellers, W and Sulanowska, M and Van Dover, C L and Whitcomb, L},
	editor = {Maddox, E}
}
@article {VonHerzen1996,
	title = {{Geoelectrical measurements at the TAG hydrothermal mound}},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {23},
	number = {23},
	year = {1996},
	pages = {3451{\textendash}3454},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1029/96GL02077},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/96GL02077},
	author = {Von Herzen, R P and Kirklin, J and Becker, K}
}
@article {Rona1996,
	title = {{Heat flow and mineralogy of TAG relict high-temperature hydrothermal zones: Mid-Atlantic Ridge 26 degrees N, 45 degrees W}},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {23},
	number = {23},
	year = {1996},
	pages = {3507{\textendash}3510},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1029/96GL03257},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/96GL03257},
	author = {Rona, P A and Petersen, S and Becker, K and Von Herzen, R P and Hannington, M D and Herzig, P M and Naka, J and Lalou, C and Thompson, G}
}
@book {VanDover1996,
	title = {{Octopus{\textquoteright}s garden: Hydrothermal vents and other mysteries of the deep sea}},
	year = {1996},
	pages = {183},
	publisher = {Addison-Wesley},
	organization = {Addison-Wesley},
	address = {Reading, Mass.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	isbn = {0201407701},
	author = {Van Dover, C L}
}
@inbook {Becker1996,
	title = {{Pre-drilling observations of conductive heat flow at the TAG active mound using Alvin}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Initial Reports},
	volume = {158},
	year = {1996},
	pages = {23{\textendash}29},
	publisher = {Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A{\&}M University},
	organization = {Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A{\&}M University},
	address = {College Station, Tex.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	doi = {10.2973/odp.proc.ir.158.103.1996},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.ir.158.103.1996},
	author = {Becker, K and Von Herzen, R P},
	editor = {Maddox, E}
}
@inbook {VonDamm1995a,
	title = {{Controls on the chemistry and temporal variability of seafloor hydrothermal fluids}},
	booktitle = {Seafloor Hydrothermal Systems: Physical, Chemical, Biological, and Geochemical Interactions},
	series = {Geophysical Monograph},
	number = {91},
	year = {1995},
	pages = {222{\textendash}247},
	publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
	organization = {American Geophysical Union},
	address = {Washington, D.C.},
	isbn = {0-87590-048-8},
	author = {Von Damm, K L},
	editor = {Humphris, S E}
}
@article {VonDamm1995,
	title = {{Evolution of East Pacific Rise hydrothermal vent fluids following a volcanic eruption}},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {375},
	number = {6526},
	year = {1995},
	pages = {47{\textendash}50},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0028-0836},
	doi = {10.1038/375047a0},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/375047a0},
	author = {Von Damm, K L and Oosting, S E and Kozlowski, R and Buttermore, L G and Colodner, D C and Edmonds, H N and Edmond, J M and Grebmeier, J M}
}
@article {Kaartvedt1994,
	title = {{Amphipods on a deep-sea hydrothermal treadmill}},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
	volume = {41},
	number = {1},
	year = {1994},
	pages = {179{\textendash}195},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0967-0637},
	doi = {10.1016/0967-0637(94)90032-9},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0967-0637(94)90032-9},
	author = {Kaartvedt, S and Van Dover, C L and Mullineaux, L S and Wiebe, P H and Bollens, S}
}
@article {VonDamm1994,
	title = {{Chemical evolution of hydrothermal fluids at 9-10N EPR since the 1991 eruption: 1994 results}},
	journal = {EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
	volume = {75},
	number = {Fall Meeting Supplement},
	year = {1994},
	pages = {618},
	issn = {0096-3941},
	author = {Von Damm, K L and Oosting, S E and Buttermore, L G}
}
@article {Lutz1994,
	title = {{Close encounter in the deep}},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {371},
	number = {6498},
	year = {1994},
	pages = {563},
	issn = {0028-0836},
	doi = {10.1038/371563a0},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/371563a0},
	author = {Lutz, R A and Voight, J R}
}
@article {Scott1994,
	title = {{Effects of inorganic carbon concentrations, pH, and temperature on autotrophic carbon fixation by the chemoautotrophic symbionts of Riftia pachyptila}},
	journal = {Physiological Zoology},
	volume = {67},
	number = {3},
	year = {1994},
	pages = {617{\textendash}638},
	issn = {0031-935X},
	author = {Scott, K M and Fisher, C R and Vodenichar, J S and Nix, E and Minnich, E}
}
@article {Ginster1994,
	title = {{Heat flux from black smokers on the Endeavour and Cleft segments, Juan de Fuca Ridge}},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
	volume = {99},
	number = {B3},
	year = {1994},
	pages = {4937{\textendash}4950},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0148-0227},
	doi = {10.1029/93JB02800},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/93JB02800},
	author = {Ginster, U and Mottl, M J and Von Herzen, R P}
}
@article {VanDover1994,
	title = {{In situ spawning of hydrothermal vent tubeworms (Riftia pachyptila)}},
	journal = {Biological Bulletin},
	volume = {186},
	number = {1},
	year = {1994},
	pages = {134{\textendash}135},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0006-3185},
	url = {http://www.biolbull.org/cgi/content/abstract/186/1/134?ck=nck},
	author = {Van Dover, C L}
}
@article {Hurst1994,
	title = {{Paleomagnetism of tilted dikes in fast spread oceanic crust exposed in the Hess Deep Rift: implications for spreading and rift propagation}},
	journal = {Tectonics},
	volume = {13},
	number = {4},
	year = {1994},
	pages = {789{\textendash}802},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0278-7407},
	doi = {10.1029/94TC00845},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/94TC00845},
	author = {Hurst, S D and Karson, J A and Verosub, K L}
}
@article {Lutz1994b,
	title = {{Rapid growth at deep-sea vents}},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {371},
	number = {6499},
	year = {1994},
	pages = {663{\textendash}664},
	issn = {0028-0836},
	doi = {10.1038/371663a0},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/371663a0},
	author = {Lutz, R A and Shank, T M and Fornari, D J and Haymon, R M and Lilley, M D and Von Damm, K L and Desbruyeres, D}
}
@article {Massoth1994,
	title = {{Temporal and spatial variability of hydrothermal manganese and iron at Cleft segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge}},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
	volume = {99},
	number = {B3},
	year = {1994},
	pages = {4905{\textendash}4923},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0148-0227},
	doi = {10.1029/93JB02799},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/93JB02799},
	author = {Massoth, G J and Baker, E T and Lupton, J E and Feely, R A and Butterfield, D A and Von Damm, K L and Roe, K K and Lebon, G T}
}
@article {Fornari1994,
	title = {{Temporal variation in the morphology and structure of the axial summit caldera and young volcanic flows, and relationship to hydrothermal venting on the East Pacific Rise crest 9 30-51{\textquoteright}N}},
	journal = {EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
	volume = {75},
	number = {Fall meet. suppl.},
	year = {1994},
	pages = {618},
	issn = {0096-3941},
	author = {Fornari, D J and Perfit, M R and Smith, M and Haymon, R M and Edwards, M H and Cochran, J R and Coakely, B and Von Damm, K L and Lilley, M}
}
@article {Colodner1993,
	title = {{Chemistry of Lucky Strike fluids: Initial results}},
	journal = {EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
	volume = {74},
	number = {43 (Fall Meet. Suppl.)},
	year = {1993},
	pages = {99},
	issn = {0096-3941},
	author = {Colodner, D J and Lin, J and VonDamm, K and Buttermore, L G and Kozlowski, R and Charlou, J L and Donval, J P and Wilson, C}
}
@article {Fisher1993a,
	title = {{The co-occurrence of methanotrophic and chemoautotrophic sulfur-oxidizing symbionts in a deep-sea mussel}},
	journal = {Marine Ecology},
	volume = {14},
	number = {4},
	year = {1993},
	pages = {277{\textendash}289},
	issn = {0173-9565},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1439-0485.1993.tb00001.x},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0485.1993.tb00001.x},
	author = {Fisher, C R and Brooks, J M and Vodenichar, J S and Zande, J M and Childress, J J and Burke, R A}
}
@article {VanDover1993,
	title = {{Depths of ignorance}},
	journal = {Discover},
	volume = {14},
	number = {9},
	year = {1993},
	pages = {37{\textendash}39},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0274-7529},
	author = {Van Dover, C L}
}
@article {Langmuir1993,
	title = {{Geological setting and characteristics of the Lucky Strike vent field at 37 degrees 17{\textquoteright}N on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge}},
	journal = {EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
	volume = {74},
	number = {43 (Fall Meet. Suppl.)},
	year = {1993},
	pages = {99},
	issn = {0096-3941},
	author = {Langmuir, C H and Fornari, D J and Colodner, D and Charlou, J L and Costa, I and Desbruyeres, D and Desonie, D and Emerson, T and Fiala-Medioni, A and Fouquet, Y and Humphris, S E and Saldanha, L and Sours-Page, R and Thatcher, M and Tivey, M and Van Dover, C L and Von Damm, K L and Wiese, K and Wilson, C}
}
@article {Bemis1993,
	title = {{Geothermal heat flux from hydrothermal plumes on the Juan de Fuca Ridge}},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
	volume = {98},
	number = {B4},
	year = {1993},
	pages = {6351{\textendash}6365},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0148-0227},
	doi = {10.1029/92JB02273},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/92JB02273},
	author = {Bemis, K G and Von Herzen, R P and Mottl, M J}
}
@article {Martin1993,
	title = {{Halice hesmonectes, a new species of pardaliscid amphipod (Crustacea, Peracarida) from hydrothermal vents in the eastern Pacific}},
	journal = {Canadian Journal of Zoology},
	volume = {71},
	number = {9},
	year = {1993},
	pages = {1724{\textendash}1732},
	issn = {0008-4301},
	doi = {10.1139/z93-244},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z93-244},
	author = {Martin, J W and France, S C and Van Dover, C L}
}
@article {Johnson1993a,
	title = {{Near-axis heat flow measurements on the northern Juan de Fuca Ridge: implications for fluid circulation in oceanic crust}},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {20},
	number = {17},
	year = {1993},
	pages = {1875{\textendash}1878},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1029/93GL00734},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/93GL00734},
	author = {Johnson, H P and Becker, K and Von Herzen, R P}
}
@article {McMurty1993,
	title = {{Unusual geochemistry of hydrothermal vents on submarine arc volcanoes: Kasuga Seamounts, Northern Mariana Arc}},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {114},
	number = {4},
	year = {1993},
	pages = {517{\textendash}528},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0012-821X},
	doi = {10.1016/0012-821X(93)90080-S},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(93)90080-S},
	author = {McMurty, G M and Sedwick, P N and Fryer, P and VonderHaar, D L and Yeh, H W}
}
@article {Haymon1993,
	title = {{Volcanic eruption of the mid-ocean ridge along the East Pacific Rise crest at 9 degrees 45-52{\textquoteright}N: Direct submersible observations of seafloor phenomena associated with an eruption event in April 1991}},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {119},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {1993},
	pages = {85{\textendash}101},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0012-821X},
	doi = {10.1016/0012-821X(93)90008-W},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(93)90008-W},
	author = {Haymon, R and Fornari, D J and Von Damm, K L and Lilley, M and Perfit, M and Edmond, J and Shanks, W and Lutz, R and Grebmeier, J M and Carbotte, S and Wright, D and McLaughlin, E and Smith, M and Beedle, N and Olson, E}
}
@article {Lutz1992,
	title = {{Biological and geological baseline along the BIOTRANSECT - East Pacific Rise crest 9 degrees 49.61{\textquoteright} - 50.35{\textquoteright}N: Short-term temporal variations after the 1991 eruption}},
	journal = {EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
	volume = {73},
	number = {43 (Fall Meeting Suppl.)},
	year = {1992},
	pages = {525},
	issn = {0096-3941},
	author = {Lutz, R A and Black, M B and Fornari, D J and Haymon, R M and Nelson, D and Perfit, M R and Shanks, W C and Lilley, M and Von Damm, K L}
}
@article {VanDover1992,
	title = {{Deep-sea amphipod swarms}},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {358},
	number = {6381},
	year = {1992},
	pages = {25{\textendash}26},
	issn = {0028-0836},
	doi = {10.1038/358025a0},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/358025a0},
	author = {Van Dover, C L and Kaartvedt, S and Bollens, S M and Wiebe, P H and Martin, J W and France, S C}
}
@article {Haymon1992,
	title = {{Dramatic short-term changes observed during March {\textquoteright}92 to April {\textquoteright}91 eruption site on the East Pacific Rise crest 9 45-52{\textquoteright}N}},
	journal = {EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
	volume = {73},
	number = {43 (Fall Meeting Suppl.)},
	year = {1992},
	pages = {524},
	issn = {0096-3941},
	author = {Haymon, R and Fornari, D J and Lutz, R and Perfit, M and Macdonald, K and Von Damm, K L and Lilley, M and Shanks, W C and Nelson, D and Edwards, M and Kappus, M and Colodner, D and Wright, D and Scherier, D and Black, M and Edmonds, H and Olson, E and Geiselman, T}
}
@article {France1992,
	title = {{Genetic differentiation between spatially-disjunct populations of the deep-sea, hydrothermal vent-endemic amphipod Ventiella sulfuris}},
	journal = {Marine Biology},
	volume = {114},
	number = {4},
	year = {1992},
	pages = {551{\textendash}559},
	issn = {0025-3162},
	doi = {10.1007/BF00357252},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00357252},
	author = {France, S C and Hessler, R R and Vrijenhoek, R C}
}
@article {VonDamm1992,
	title = {{Hydrothermal fluid chemistry at 9-10 degrees N EPR {\textquoteright}92: Big changes and still changing}},
	journal = {EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
	volume = {73},
	number = {43 (Fall Meeting Suppl.)},
	year = {1992},
	pages = {524},
	issn = {0096-3941},
	author = {Von Damm, K L and Colodner, D C and Edmonds, H N}
}
@inbook {VonDamm1992a,
	title = {{Short term variability, phase separation and water-rock reaction in hydrothermal fluids from 9-10N, East Pacific Rise}},
	booktitle = {Water-rock Interaction: Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction: WRI-7, Park City, Utah, USA, 13-18 July 1992},
	year = {1992},
	pages = {1679{\textendash}1680},
	publisher = {A.A. Balkema},
	organization = {A.A. Balkema},
	address = {Rotterdam; Brookfield, Vt.},
	isbn = {90-54100-75-3},
	author = {Von Damm, K L},
	editor = {Kharaka, Y K}
}
@article {Shanks1992,
	title = {{Stable isotope variations in vent fluids on short time scales: Observations at the 1991 eruption site on the EPR at 9 degrees 33-52{\textquoteright}N}},
	journal = {EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
	volume = {73},
	number = {43 (Fall Meeting Suppl.)},
	year = {1992},
	pages = {524},
	issn = {0096-3941},
	author = {Shanks, W C and B{\"o}hlke, J K and Von Damm, K L}
}
@article {Lilley1992,
	title = {{Volatiles in the 9N hydrothermal system: a comparison of 1991 and 1992 data}},
	journal = {EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
	volume = {73},
	number = {43 (Fall Meeting Suppl.)},
	year = {1992},
	pages = {524},
	issn = {0096-3941},
	author = {Lilley, M D and Olson, E J and Lupton, J E and Von Damm, K L}
}
@article {Haymon1991,
	title = {{Active eruption seen on East Pacific Rise}},
	journal = {EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
	volume = {72},
	number = {46},
	year = {1991},
	pages = {505,507},
	issn = {0096-3941},
	doi = {10.1029/90EO00362},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/90EO00362},
	author = {Haymon, R M and Carbotte, S and Wright, D and Beedle, N and Johnson, F and Fornari, D J and Von Damm, K L and Grebmeier, J and Lilley, M and McLaughlin, E and Olson, E and Edmond, J and Perfit, M R and Smith, M and Shanks, W C and Lutz, R and Seewald, J S and Reudelhuber, D}
}
@inbook {VonDamm1991,
	title = {{A comparison of the Guaymas Basin hydrothermal solutions to other sedimented systems and experimental results}},
	booktitle = {Gulf and Peninsular Province of the Californias},
	series = {AAPG Memoirs},
	number = {47},
	year = {1991},
	pages = {743{\textendash}751},
	publisher = {American Association of Petroleum Geologists},
	organization = {American Association of Petroleum Geologists},
	address = {Tulsa, Okla.},
	isbn = {0-89181-325-X},
	author = {Von Damm, K L},
	editor = {Dauphin, J P}
}
@article {Haymon1991b,
	title = {{EPR crest erupts north of Leg 142 drillsite}},
	journal = {JOI/USSAC Newsletter},
	volume = {4},
	number = {3},
	year = {1991},
	pages = {4{\textendash}5},
	author = {Haymon, R and Fornari, D J and Von Damm, K L and Edmond, J and Lilley, M and Perfit, M and Shanks, W C and Grebmeier, J and Lutz, R and Carbotte, S and Wright, D and Smith, M and Laughlin, E and Beedle, N and Seewald, J S and Reudelhuber, D and Olson, E and Johnson, F}
}
@article {VanDover1991,
	title = {{Phenomena, comment and note}},
	journal = {Smithsonian},
	volume = {22},
	number = {9},
	year = {1991},
	pages = {22{\textendash}23},
	issn = {0037-7333},
	author = {Van Dover, C L}
}
@inbook {Fiala-Medioni1990,
	title = {{Lysosomic resorption of bacterial symbionts in deep-sea bivalves}},
	booktitle = {Endocytobiology IV: 4th International Colloquium on Endocytobiology and Symbiosis},
	year = {1990},
	pages = {3335{\textendash}3338},
	publisher = {Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique},
	organization = {Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique},
	address = {Paris},
	isbn = {2-7380-0241-2},
	author = {Fiala-Medioni, A and Felbeck, H and Childress, J J and Fisher, C R and Vetter, R D},
	editor = {Nardon, P}
}
@article {VonDamm1990,
	title = {{Seafloor hydrothermal activity: black smoker chemistry and chimneys}},
	journal = {Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences},
	volume = {18},
	year = {1990},
	pages = {173{\textendash}204},
	issn = {0084-6597},
	doi = {10.1146/annurev.ea.18.050190.001133},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ea.18.050190.001133},
	author = {Von Damm, K L}
}
@mastersthesis {VanDover1989,
	title = {{Chemosynthetic communities in the deep sea: ecological studies}},
	volume = {Ph.D.},
	year = {1989},
	pages = {271},
	school = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	type = {phd},
	address = {Cambridge, MA and Woods Hole, MA},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	doi = {10.1575/1912/1359},
	url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1912/1359},
	author = {Van Dover, C L}
}
@inbook {Elder1989,
	title = {{A high bit rate fiber optic data link enables multiple real-time video and improves performance of an ROV}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings, MDS {\textquoteright}89: Conference and Exposition on Marine Data Systems, April 26-28, 1989, New Orleans, Louisiana},
	year = {1989},
	pages = {113},
	publisher = {Marine Technology Society, Gulf Coast Section},
	organization = {Marine Technology Society, Gulf Coast Section},
	address = {Stennis Space Center, Miss.},
	isbn = {0-933957-05-X},
	author = {Elder, R and von Alt, C}
}
@article {Cary1989a,
	title = {{Multiple trophic resources for a chemoautotrophic community at a deep-sea brine seep at the base of the Florida Escarpment}},
	journal = {Marine Biology},
	volume = {100},
	number = {3},
	year = {1989},
	pages = {411{\textendash}418},
	issn = {0025-3162},
	doi = {10.1007/BF00391157},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00391157},
	author = {Cary, S C and Fry, B and Felbeck, H and Vetter, R}
}
@article {Vine1988,
	title = {{Birth of Alvin}},
	journal = {Oceanus},
	volume = {31},
	number = {4},
	year = {1988},
	pages = {10{\textendash}16},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0029-8182},
	author = {Vine, A C}
}
@article {Stein1988,
	title = {{Chemoautotrophic symbiosis in a hydrothermal vent gastropod}},
	journal = {Biological Bulletin},
	volume = {174},
	number = {3},
	year = {1988},
	pages = {373{\textendash}378},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0006-3185},
	url = {http://www.biolbull.org/cgi/content/abstract/174/3/373},
	author = {Stein, J L and Cary, S C and Childress, J J and Hessler, R R and Ohta, S and Vetter, R D and Felbeck, H}
}
@inbook {Yoerger1988,
	title = {{Design and control of Jason}},
	booktitle = {Intervention {\textquoteright}88, April 17-20: Underwater Technology Conference, 1988},
	year = {1988},
	pages = {541{\textendash}553},
	publisher = {Det norske Veritas},
	organization = {Det norske Veritas},
	address = {Bergen, Norway},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	isbn = {8299113423},
	author = {Yoerger, D R and von Alt, C and Newman, J B and Bowen, A and Hersey, W J},
	editor = {Atteraas, L}
}
@article {VonDamm1988,
	title = {{Hydrothermal seawater-basalt-sediment interaction chemistry}},
	journal = {Applied Geochemistry},
	volume = {3},
	number = {1},
	year = {1988},
	pages = {119},
	issn = {0883-2927},
	doi = {10.1016/0883-2927(88)90083-2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0883-2927(88)90083-2},
	author = {Von Damm, K L}
}
@article {VonDamm1988a,
	title = {{Systematics of and postulated controls on submarine hydrothermal solution chemistry}},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
	volume = {93},
	number = {B5},
	year = {1988},
	pages = {4551{\textendash}4561},
	issn = {0148-0227},
	doi = {10.1029/JB093iB05p04551},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/JB093iB05p04551},
	author = {Von Damm, K L}
}
@article {VonDamm1987,
	title = {{Chemistry of hydrothermal solutions from the southern Juan de Fuca Ridge}},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
	volume = {92},
	number = {B11},
	year = {1987},
	pages = {11,311{\textendash}334,346},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0148-0227},
	doi = {10.1029/JB092iB11p11334},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/JB092iB11p11334},
	author = {Von Damm, K L and Bischoff, J L}
}
@article {Feely1987,
	title = {{Composition and dissolution of black smoker particulates from active vents on the Juan de Fuca Ridge}},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
	volume = {92},
	number = {B11},
	year = {1987},
	pages = {11347{\textendash}11363},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0148-0227},
	doi = {10.1029/JB092iB11p11347},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/JB092iB11p11347},
	author = {Feely, R A and Lewison, M and Massoth, G J and Robert-Baldo, G and Lavelle, J W and Byrne, R H and Von Damm, K L and Curl, H C}
}
@article {Brooks1987,
	title = {{Deep-sea hydrocarbon seep communities: Evidence for energy and nutritional carbon sources}},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {238},
	number = {4830},
	year = {1987},
	pages = {1138{\textendash}1142.},
	issn = {0036-8075},
	doi = {10.1126/science.238.4830.1138},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.238.4830.1138},
	author = {Brooks, J M and Kennicutt, M C and Fisher, C R and Macko, S A and Cole, K and Childress, J J and Bidigare, R R and Vetter, R D}
}
@inbook {VonAlt1987,
	title = {{Jason Junior: System design and deep submergence vehicle interface}},
	booktitle = {Intervention {\textquoteright}87 Conference and Exposition},
	year = {1987},
	pages = {200{\textendash}208},
	publisher = {Marine Technology Society},
	organization = {Marine Technology Society},
	address = {San Diego, Calif.},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	author = {von Alt, C and Bowen, A D and Bergeron, E M}
}
@article {Ballard1987a,
	title = {{Live deep-sea expedition video coverage planned for scientists ashore}},
	journal = {Oceanus},
	volume = {30},
	number = {3},
	year = {1987},
	pages = {11{\textendash}15},
	keywords = {ROV Argo (Remotely Operated Vehicle), ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {0029-8182},
	author = {Ballard, R D and von Alt, C and Hersey, W J}
}
@article {Little1987,
	title = {{Measurements of plume flow from a hydrothermal vent field}},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
	volume = {92},
	number = {B3},
	year = {1987},
	pages = {2587{\textendash}2596},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0148-0227},
	doi = {10.1029/JB092iB03p02587},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/JB092iB03p02587},
	author = {Little, S A and Stolzenbach, K D and Von Herzen, R P}
}
@article {VanDover1987,
	title = {{Prediction of hydrothermal vent locations from distributions of brachyuran crabs}},
	journal = {Limnology and Oceanography},
	volume = {32},
	number = {4},
	year = {1987},
	pages = {1006{\textendash}1010},
	keywords = {ROV Argo (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {0024-3590},
	url = {http://www.aslo.org/lo/toc/vol{\_}32/issue{\_}4/1006.pdf},
	author = {Van Dover, C L and Franks, P and Ballard, R D}
}
@article {Arp1987,
	title = {{The sulphide-binding protein in the blood of the vestimentiferan tube-worm, Riftia pachyptila, is the extracellular haemoglobin}},
	journal = {Journal of Experimental Biology},
	volume = {128},
	number = {1},
	year = {1987},
	pages = {139{\textendash}158},
	issn = {0022-0949},
	url = {http://jeb.biologists.org/cgi/content/abstract/128/1/139},
	author = {Arp, A J and Childress, J J and Vetter, R D}
}
@article {Philpotts1987,
	title = {{Uniformity and diversity in the composition of mineralizing fluids from hydrothermal vents on the southern Juan de Fuca Ridge}},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
	volume = {92},
	number = {B11},
	year = {1987},
	pages = {11,311{\textendash}327,333},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0148-0227},
	doi = {10.1029/JB092iB11p11327},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/JB092iB11p11327},
	author = {Philpotts, J A and Aruscavage, P J and Von Damm, K L}
}
@inbook {Yoerger1986,
	title = {{Design of underwater vehicles for high performance control}},
	booktitle = {Oceans {\textquoteright}86 Conference Record},
	volume = {5},
	year = {1986},
	pages = {1431{\textendash}1437},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	address = {New York, N.Y.},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	doi = {10.1109/OCEANS.1986.1160335},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1986.1160335},
	author = {Yoerger, D R and von Alt, C J and Bowen, A D and Newman, J B}
}
@inbook {VonDamm1986,
	title = {{Geochemistry of fluids in the Guaymas Basin geothermal system}},
	booktitle = {Genesis of Stratiform Sediment-Hosted Lead and Zinc Deposits: Conference Proceedings},
	series = {Stanford University Publications in the Geological Sciences},
	number = {20},
	year = {1986},
	pages = {131{\textendash}135},
	publisher = {Stanford University Publications},
	organization = {Stanford University Publications},
	address = {Stanford, Calif.},
	author = {Von Damm, K L},
	editor = {Turner, R J W}
}
@article {McConachy1986,
	title = {{Geologic form and setting of a hydrothermal vent field at lat 10 degrees 56{\textquoteright}N, East Pacific Rise; a detailed study using Angus and Alvin}},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {14},
	number = {4},
	year = {1986},
	pages = {295{\textendash}298},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0091-7613},
	doi = {10.1130/0091-7613(1986)14<295:GFASOA>2.0.CO;2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1986)14{\%}3C295:GFASOA{\%}3E2.0.CO 2},
	author = {McConachy, T F and Ballard, R D and Mottl, M J and Von Herzen, R P}
}
@article {Group1986,
	title = {{Submarine fissure eruptions and hydrothermal vents on the southern Juan de Fuca Ridge; preliminary observations from the submersible Alvin}},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {14},
	number = {10},
	year = {1986},
	pages = {823{\textendash}827},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0091-7613},
	doi = {10.1130/0091-7613(1986)14<823:SFEAHV>2.0.CO;2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1986)14{\%}3C823:SFEAHV{\%}3E2.0.CO 2},
	author = {Group, U S Geological Survey Juan de Fuca Study and Normark, W R and Morton, J L and Bischoff, J L and Brett, R and Holcomb, R T and Kappel, E S and Koski, R A and Ross, S L and Shanks, W C and Slack, J F and Von Damm, K L and Zierenberg, R A}
}
@article {Chen1986,
	title = {{The U-Th-Pb systematics in hot springs on the East Pacific Rise at 21 degrees N and Guaymas Basin}},
	journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
	volume = {50},
	number = {11},
	year = {1986},
	pages = {2467{\textendash}2479},
	issn = {0016-7037},
	doi = {10.1016/0016-7037(86)90030-X},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(86)90030-X},
	author = {Chen, J H and Wasserburg, G J and Von Damm, K L and Edmond, J M}
}
@inbook {Edmond1985,
	title = {{Chemistry of ridge crest hot springs}},
	booktitle = {Hydrothermal vents of the Eastern Pacific: An overview},
	series = {Bulletin of the Biological Society of Washington},
	number = {6},
	year = {1985},
	pages = {43{\textendash}47},
	publisher = {INFAX},
	organization = {INFAX},
	address = {Vienna, Va.},
	isbn = {0933937024},
	author = {Edmond, J M and Von Damm, K L},
	editor = {Jones, M L}
}
@article {VonDamm1985a,
	title = {{Chemistry of submarine hydrothermal solutions at 21 degrees N, East Pacific Rise}},
	journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
	volume = {49},
	number = {11},
	year = {1985},
	pages = {2197{\textendash}2220},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0016-7037},
	doi = {10.1016/0016-7037(85)90222-4},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(85)90222-4},
	author = {Von Damm, K L and Edmond, J M and Grant, B and Measures, C I and Walden, B and Weiss, R F}
}
@article {VonDamm1985,
	title = {{Chemistry of submarine hydrothermal solutions at Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California}},
	journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
	volume = {49},
	number = {11},
	year = {1985},
	pages = {2221{\textendash}2237},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0016-7037},
	doi = {10.1016/0016-7037(85)90223-6},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(85)90223-6},
	author = {Von Damm, K L and Edmond, J M and Measures, C I and Grant, B}
}
@article {Batiza1984,
	title = {{Craters, calderas, and hyaloclastites on young Pacific seamounts}},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
	volume = {89},
	number = {B10},
	year = {1984},
	pages = {8371{\textendash}8390},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0148-0227},
	doi = {10.1029/JB089iB10p08371},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/JB089iB10p08371},
	author = {Batiza, R and Fornari, D J and Vanko, D A and Lonsdale, P}
}
@article {Rona1984,
	title = {{Hydrothermal activity at the TAG hydrothermal field, Mid-Atlantic Ridge crest at 26 degrees N}},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
	volume = {89},
	number = {B13},
	year = {1984},
	pages = {11,311{\textendash}365,379},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0148-0227},
	doi = {10.1029/JB089iB13p11365},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/JB089iB13p11365},
	author = {Rona, P A and Thompson, G and Mottl, M J and Karson, J A and Jenkins, W J and Graham, D and Mallette, M and Von Damm, K L and Edmond, J M}
}
@inbook {Auzende1984,
	title = {{Intraoceanic tectonism in the Gorringe Bank: observations by submersible}},
	booktitle = {Ophiolites and oceanic lithosphere},
	series = {Geological Society Special Publications},
	volume = {13},
	year = {1984},
	pages = {113{\textendash}120},
	publisher = {Blackwell Scientific Publications},
	organization = {Blackwell Scientific Publications},
	address = {Boston, Mass.},
	isbn = {0632012196},
	doi = {10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.013.01.10},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.013.01.10},
	author = {Auzende, J M and Ceuleneer, G and Cornen, G and Juteau, T and Lagabrielle, Y and Lensch, G and M{\'e}vel, C and Nicolas, A and Prichard, H and Ribeiro, A and Ruellan, E and Vanney, J R},
	editor = {Gass, I G}
}
@article {Bowers1983,
	title = {{Chemical evolution of mid-ocean ridge hot springs}},
	journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
	volume = {49},
	number = {11},
	year = {1983},
	pages = {2239{\textendash}2252},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0016-7037},
	doi = {10.1016/0016-7037(85)90224-8},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(85)90224-8},
	author = {Bowers, T S and Von Damm, K L and Edmond, J M}
}
@mastersthesis {VonDamm1983,
	title = {{Chemistry of submarine hydrothermal solutions at 21 degrees North, East Pacific Rise and Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California}},
	volume = {Ph.D.},
	year = {1983},
	pages = {240},
	school = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	type = {phd},
	address = {Cambridge, MA and Woods Hole, MA},
	url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29851},
	author = {Von Damm, K L}
}
@article {Edmond1983,
	title = {{Hot springs on the ocean floor}},
	journal = {Scientific American},
	volume = {248},
	number = {4},
	year = {1983},
	pages = {78{\textendash}93},
	issn = {0036-8733},
	author = {Edmond, J M and Von Damm, K L}
}
@article {VanWagoner1983,
	title = {{Magnetic properties of three segments of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at 37 degrees N: FAMOUS, Narrowgate, and AMAR; AMAR 2}},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
	volume = {88},
	number = {B6},
	year = {1983},
	pages = {5065{\textendash}5082},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0148-0227},
	doi = {10.1029/JB088iB06p05065},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/JB088iB06p05065},
	author = {Van Wagoner, N A and Johnson, H P}
}
@inbook {VonDamm1983a,
	title = {{Preliminary report on the chemistry of hydrothermal solutions at 21 degrees N East Pacific Rise}},
	booktitle = {Hydrothermal processes at seafloor spreading centers},
	series = {NATO conference series. IV, Marine sciences},
	number = {12},
	year = {1983},
	pages = {359{\textendash}389},
	publisher = {Plenum Press},
	organization = {Plenum Press},
	address = {New York, N.Y.},
	isbn = {0306414821},
	author = {Von Damm, K L and Grant, B and Edmond, J M},
	editor = {Rona, P A}
}
@article {Edmond1982,
	title = {{Chemistry of hot springs on the East Pacific Rise and their effluent dispersal}},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {297},
	number = {5863},
	year = {1982},
	pages = {187{\textendash}191},
	issn = {0028-0836},
	doi = {10.1038/297187a0},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/297187a0},
	author = {Edmond, J M and Von Damm, K L and McDuff, R E and Measures, C I}
}
@article {Ballard1982b,
	title = {{The Galapagos Rift at 86 degrees W: 5, Variations in volcanism, structure, and hydrothermal activity along a 30-kilometer segment of the rift valley}},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
	volume = {87},
	number = {B2},
	year = {1982},
	pages = {1149{\textendash}1161},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0148-0227},
	doi = {10.1029/JB087iB02p01149},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/JB087iB02p01149},
	author = {Ballard, R D and van Andel, T H and Holcomb, R T}
}
@inbook {Pastouret1982,
	title = {{Geologie du canyon Shamrock, marge Armoricaine (Atlantique du N.E.)}},
	booktitle = {Processus geodynamiques observes en submersible: Geodynamic processes observed from a submersible: Seminaire du 2 avril 1982},
	series = {Oceanis},
	number = {8, fasc.8},
	year = {1982},
	pages = {683{\textendash}710},
	publisher = {Institut Oceanographique},
	organization = {Institut Oceanographique},
	address = {Paris, France},
	author = {Pastouret, L and Auffret, G A and Auzende, J M and Beuzart, P and Dubois, P and Seguret, M and Sigal, J and Vanney, J R},
	editor = {Vanney, J R}
}
@book {Vanney1982,
	title = {{Processus geodynamiques observes en submersible: Geodynamic processes observed from a submersible: Seminaire du 2 avril 1982}},
	series = {Oceanis},
	year = {1982},
	pages = {40},
	publisher = {Institut Oceanographique},
	organization = {Institut Oceanographique},
	address = {Paris, France},
	author = {Vanney, J -R and Gennesseaux, M}
}
@inbook {Auffret1982,
	title = {{Recent mass wasting processes on the Provencal margin (western Mediterranean)}},
	booktitle = {Marine slides and other mass movements},
	series = {NATO conference series. IV, Marine sciences},
	number = {8},
	year = {1982},
	pages = {53{\textendash}58},
	publisher = {Plenum Press},
	organization = {Plenum Press},
	address = {New York, N.Y.},
	isbn = {0306408880},
	author = {Auffret, G A and Auzende, J M and Gennesseaux, M and Monti, S and Pastouret, L and Pautot, G and Vanney, J R},
	editor = {Saxov, S E}
}
@inbook {Nesteroff1982,
	title = {{Subsidence et sedimentation actuelles dans la fosse de Porto-Rico}},
	booktitle = {Processus geodynamiques observes en submersible: Geodynamic processes observed from a submersible: Seminaire du 2 avril 1982},
	series = {Oceanis},
	number = {8, fasc.8},
	year = {1982},
	publisher = {Institut Oceanographique},
	organization = {Institut Oceanographique},
	address = {Paris, France},
	author = {Nesteroff, W D},
	editor = {Vanney, J R}
}
@article {Vidal1981,
	title = {{Pb and Sr Isotopic Systematics of Some Basalts and Sulfides From the East Pacific Rise at 21 degrees N (Project RITA)}},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {55},
	number = {2},
	year = {1981},
	pages = {237{\textendash}246},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0012-821X},
	doi = {10.1016/0012-821X(81)90103-5},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(81)90103-5},
	author = {Vidal, P and Clauer, N}
}
@book {VanAndel1981,
	title = {{Science at sea: Tales of an old ocean}},
	year = {1981},
	pages = {198},
	publisher = {W.H. Freeman},
	organization = {W.H. Freeman},
	address = {San Francisco, Calif.},
	isbn = {0716713632},
	author = {van Andel, T J}
}
@book {Valentine1980,
	title = {{Geologic and biologic observations in Oceanographer Submarine Canyon: Descriptions of dives aboard the research submersibles Alvin (1967, 1978) and Nekton Gamma (1974)}},
	series = {USGS open-file report},
	volume = {80-76},
	year = {1980},
	pages = {43},
	publisher = {U.S. Geological Survey},
	organization = {U.S. Geological Survey},
	address = {Woods Hole, Mass.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	author = {Valentine, P C and Uzmann, J R and Cooper, R A}
}
@article {Valentine1980a,
	title = {{Geology and biology of Oceanographer Submarine Canyon}},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {38},
	number = {4},
	year = {1980},
	pages = {283{\textendash}312},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0025-3227},
	doi = {10.1016/0025-3227(80)90004-3},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(80)90004-3},
	author = {Valentine, P C and Uzmann, J R and Cooper, R A}
}
@article {VanAndel1979,
	title = {{The Galapagos Rift at 86 degrees W: 2, Volcanism, structure, and evolution of the rift valley}},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
	volume = {84},
	number = {B10},
	year = {1979},
	pages = {5390{\textendash}5406},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0148-0227},
	doi = {10.1029/JB084iB10p05390},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/JB084iB10p05390},
	author = {van Andel, T H and Ballard, R D}
}
@article {Ballard1979b,
	title = {{The Galapagos Rift at 86 degrees W: 3, Sheet flows, collapse pits, and lava lakes of the rift valley}},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
	volume = {84},
	number = {B10},
	year = {1979},
	pages = {5407{\textendash}5422},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0148-0227},
	doi = {10.1029/JB084iB10p05407},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/JB084iB10p05407},
	author = {Ballard, R D and Holcomb, R T and van Andel, T H}
}
@article {Williams1979,
	title = {{The hydrothermal mounds of the Galapagos Rift: Observations with DSRV Alvin and detailed heat flow studies}},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
	volume = {84},
	number = {B13},
	year = {1979},
	pages = {7467{\textendash}7484},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0148-0227},
	author = {Williams, D L and Green, K and van Andel, T H and Von Herzen, R P and Dymond, J R and Crane, K}
}
@article {Corliss1979a,
	title = {{Submarine thermal springs on the Galapagos Rift}},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {203},
	number = {4385},
	year = {1979},
	pages = {1073{\textendash}1083},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0036-8075},
	doi = {10.1126/science.203.4385.1073},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.203.4385.1073},
	author = {Corliss, J B and Dymond, J and Gordon, L I and Edmond, J M and Von Herzen, R P and Ballard, R D and Green, K and Williams, D and Bainbridge, A and Crane, K and van Andel, T H}
}
@article {Ramberg1977,
	title = {{Morphology and tectonic evolution of the rift valley at lat 36 degrees 30{\textquoteright} N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge}},
	journal = {Geological Society of America Bulletin},
	volume = {88},
	number = {4},
	year = {1977},
	pages = {577{\textendash}586},
	issn = {0016-7606},
	doi = {10.1130/0016-7606(1977)88<577:MATEOT>2.0.CO;2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1977)88{\%}3C577:MATEOT{\%}3E2.0.CO 2},
	author = {Ramberg, I B and van Andel, T H}
}
@article {Ballard1977b,
	title = {{Morphology and tectonics of the inner rift valley at lat 36 degrees 50{\textquoteright} N on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge}},
	journal = {Geological Society of America Bulletin},
	volume = {88},
	number = {4},
	year = {1977},
	pages = {507{\textendash}530},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0016-7606},
	doi = {10.1130/0016-7606(1977)88<507:MATOTI>2.0.CO;2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1977)88{\%}3C507:MATOTI{\%}3E2.0.CO 2},
	author = {Ballard, R D and van Andel, T H}
}
@article {Heirtzler1977e,
	title = {{Project FAMOUS: Its origin, programs, and setting}},
	journal = {Geological Society of America Bulletin},
	volume = {88},
	number = {4},
	year = {1977},
	pages = {481{\textendash}487},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0016-7606},
	doi = {10.1130/0016-7606(1977)88<481:PFIOPA>2.0.CO;2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1977)88{\%}3C481:PFIOPA{\%}3E2.0.CO 2},
	author = {Heirtzler, J R and van Andel, T H}
}
@article {Ballard1977,
	title = {{Project FAMOUS: Operational techniques and American submersible operations}},
	journal = {Geological Society of America Bulletin},
	volume = {88},
	number = {4},
	year = {1977},
	pages = {495{\textendash}506},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0016-7606},
	doi = {10.1130/0016-7606(1977)88<495:PFOTAA>2.0.CO;2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1977)88{\%}3C495:PFOTAA{\%}3E2.0.CO 2},
	author = {Ballard, R D and van Andel, T H}
}
@book {Davis1975,
	title = {{ARPA rock drill report}},
	series = {WHOI technical reports},
	volume = {75-28},
	year = {1975},
	pages = {29},
	publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	organization = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	address = {Woods Hole, Mass.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	author = {Davis, R E and Williams, D L and Von Herzen, R P}
}
@book {Aldrich1973a,
	title = {{Technical progress report: Advanced marine technology 1 August 1972 - 31 January 1973}},
	series = {WHOI technical reports},
	volume = {73-37},
	year = {1973},
	pages = {51},
	publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	organization = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	address = {Woods Hole, Mass.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	author = {Aldrich, T C and Maxwell, A E and Bowin, C O and Luyendyk, B P and Phillips, J D and Hess, F R and Vine, A C and Ballard, R D and Marquet, W M and Porter, D and McCamis, M J and Winget, C L and Von Herzen, R P and Williams, D L}
}
@book {Aldrich1973,
	title = {{Technical progress report: Advanced marine technology 1 February 1972 - 31 July 1972}},
	series = {WHOI technical reports},
	volume = {73-20},
	year = {1973},
	pages = {var. p.},
	publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	organization = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	address = {Woods Hole, Mass.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	author = {Aldrich, T C and Maxwell, A E and Ballard, R D and Bowin, C O and Luyendyk, B P and McCamis, M J and Phillips, J D and Porter, D and Vine, A C and Teal, J M and Marquet, W M and Winget, C L and Von Herzen, R P and Williams, D L}
}
@book {Ballard1973,
	title = {{Technical progress report: Advanced marine technology 1 February 1973 - 31 July 1973}},
	series = {WHOI technical reports},
	volume = {73-92},
	year = {1973},
	pages = {82},
	publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	organization = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	address = {Woods Hole, Mass.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	author = {Ballard, R D and Maxwell, A E and Davis, R E and Eliason, A H and Hess, F R and McCamis, M J and McElroy, P T and Marquet, W M and Von Herzen, R P and Williams, D L and Winget, C L}
}
@book {Aldrich1972,
	title = {{Technical progress report: Advanced marine technology 1 August 1971 - 31 January 1972}},
	series = {WHOI technical reports},
	volume = {72-90},
	year = {1972},
	pages = {66},
	publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	organization = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	address = {Woods Hole, Mass.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	author = {Aldrich, T C and Maxwell, A E and Bowin, C O and Luyendyk, B P and Phillips, J D and Hess, F R and Vine, A C and Teal, J and Marquet, W M and Uchupi, E and Wiebe, P H and Rowe, G T and Smith, K L and Von Herzen, R P and Williams, D L}
}
@book {Bryan1972,
	title = {{Technical progress report: Advanced marine technology 1 February 1971 - 31 July 1971}},
	series = {WHOI technical reports},
	volume = {72-33},
	year = {1972},
	pages = {48},
	publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	organization = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	address = {Woods Hole, Mass.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	author = {Bryan, W B and Maxwell, A E and Bowin, C O and Ballard, R D and Phillips, J D and Hess, F R and Vine, A C and Teal, J and Marquet, W M and Uchupi, E and Wiebe, P H and Zafiriou, O C and Rowe, G T and Smith, K L and Von Herzen, R P}
}
@mastersthesis {VanLeer1971,
	title = {{Shear of small vertical scale observed in the permanent oceanic thermocline}},
	volume = {D.S.},
	year = {1971},
	pages = {209},
	school = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	type = {phd},
	address = {Cambridge, MA and Woods Hole, MA},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	doi = {10.1575/1912/1248},
	url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1912/1248},
	author = {Van Leer, J C}
}
@book {Vandiver1969,
	title = {{Dynamic analysis of a launch and recovery system for a deep submersible}},
	series = {WHOI technical reports},
	volume = {69-88},
	year = {1969},
	pages = {76},
	publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	organization = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	address = {Woods Hole, Mass.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	author = {Vandiver, J K}
}
@book {Vine1967,
	title = {{Some underwater observations}},
	series = {WHOI technical reports},
	volume = {67-82},
	year = {1967},
	pages = {var. p.},
	publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	organization = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	address = {Woods Hole, Mass.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	author = {Vine, A C and Hays, E E and McCamis, J J and Rainnie, W O}
}
@book {Vine1966,
	title = {{Handling equipment at sea: Some considerations and ideas}},
	series = {WHOI unnumbered reports},
	year = {1966},
	pages = {6},
	publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	organization = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	address = {Woods Hole, Mass.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	author = {Vine, A C}
}
