@article {RN2530,
	title = {Distributions of microplastics and larger anthropogenic debris in Norfolk Canyon, Baltimore Canyon, and the adjacent continental slope (Western North Atlantic Margin, USA)},
	journal = {Marine Pollution Bulletin},
	volume = {174},
	year = {2022},
	type = {Journal Article},
	issn = {0025-326X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.113047},
	author = {Jones, E. S. and Ross, S. W. and Robertson, C. M. and Young, C. M.}
}
@article {RN2444,
	title = {Experimental partitioning of osmium between pyrite and fluid: Constraints on the mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal flux of osmium to seawater},
	journal = {Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta},
	volume = {293},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {240-255},
	type = {Journal Article},
	issn = {0016-7037},
	doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2020.10.029},
	author = {Syverson, D. D. and Katchinoff, J. A. R. and Yohe, L. R. and Tutolo, B. M. and Seyfried, W. E. and Rooney, A. D.}
}
@article {RN2504,
	title = {Fe-catalyzed sulfide oxidation in hydrothermal plumes is a source of reactive oxygen species to the ocean},
	journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
	volume = {118},
	number = {40},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {e2026654118},
	type = {Journal Article},
	doi = {10.1073/pnas.2026654118},
	url = {https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1141521757 https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/118/40/e2026654118.full.pdf},
	author = {Shaw, Timothy J. and Luther, George W. and Rosas, Richard and Oldham, V{\'e}ronique E. and Coffey, Nicole R. and Ferry, John L. and Dias, Dewamunnage M. C. and Y{\"u}cel, Mustafa and de Chanvalon, Aubin Thibault}
}
@article {RN2515,
	title = {Fe-catalyzed sulfide oxidation in hydrothermal plumes is a source of reactive oxygen species to the ocean},
	journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
	volume = {118},
	number = {40},
	year = {2021},
	type = {Journal Article},
	issn = {0027-8424},
	doi = {10.1073/pnas.2026654118|1of7},
	author = {Shaw, T. J. and Luther, G. W. and Rosas, R. and Oldham, V. E. and Coffey, N. R. and Ferry, J. L. and Dias, D. M. C. and Yucel, M. and de Chanvalon, A. T.}
}
@article {RN2509,
	title = {Role of Deep-Sea Equipment in Promoting the Forefront of Studies on Life in extreme environments},
	journal = {iScience},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {103299},
	type = {Journal Article},
	doi = {10.1016/j.isci.2021.103299},
	url = {https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1141939143},
	author = {Liang, Jianzhen and Feng, Jing-Chun and Zhang, Si and Cai, Yanpeng and Yang, Zhifeng and Ni, Tian and Yang, Hua-Yong}
}
@article {RN2437,
	title = {Methane thermometry in deep-sea hydrothermal systems: evidence for re-ordering of doubly-substituted isotopologues during fluid cooling},
	journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
	year = {2020},
	type = {Journal Article},
	doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2020.08.013},
	url = {https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1130209500},
	author = {Labidi, J. and Young, E. D. and Giunta, T. and Kohl, I. E. and Seewald, J. and Tang, H. and Lilley, M. D. and Fr{\"u}h-Green, G. L.}
}
@article {RN2424,
	title = {A new serial sampler for collecting gas-tight samples from seafloor cold seeps and hydrothermal vents},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research Part I-Oceanographic Research Papers},
	volume = {161},
	year = {2020},
	type = {Journal Article},
	issn = {0967-0637},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2020.103282},
	author = {Wang, S. and Wu, S. J. and Du, M. R. and Yang, C. J. and Wang, X.}
}
@article {RN2374,
	title = {Iron and sulfide nanoparticle formation and transport in nascent hydrothermal vent plumes},
	journal = {Nature Communications},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2019},
	type = {Journal Article},
	issn = {2041-1723},
	doi = {10.1038/s41467-019-09580-5},
	author = {Findlay, A. J. and Estes, E. R. and Gartman, A. and Yucel, M. and Kamyshny, A. and Luther, G. W.}
}
@article {RN2370,
	title = {Ocean Dumping of Containerized DDT Waste Was a Sloppy Process},
	journal = {Environmental Science \& Technology},
	volume = {53},
	number = {6},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {2971-2980},
	type = {Journal Article},
	issn = {0013-936X},
	doi = {10.1021/acs.est.8b05859},
	author = {Kivenson, V. and Lemkau, K. L. and Pizarro, O. and Yoerger, D. R. and Kaiser, C. and Nelson, R. K. and Carmichael, C. and Paul, B. G. and Reddy, C. M. and Valentine, D. L.}
}
@article {RN2377,
	title = {Structure of Lo{\textquoteright}ihi Seamount, Hawai{\textquoteright}i and Lava Flow Morphology From High-Resolution Mapping},
	journal = {Frontiers in Earth Science},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2019},
	type = {Journal Article},
	issn = {2296-6463},
	doi = {10.3389/feart.2019.00058},
	author = {Clague, D. A. and Paduan, J. B. and Caress, D. W. and Moyer, C. L. and Glazer, B. T. and Yoerger, D. R.}
}
@article {RN2348,
	title = {The largest deep-ocean silicic volcanic eruption of the past century},
	journal = {Science Advances},
	volume = {4},
	number = {1},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {e1701121},
	type = {Journal Article},
	doi = {10.1126/sciadv.1701121},
	url = {http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/4/1/e1701121.abstract},
	author = {Carey, Rebecca and Soule, S. Adam and Manga, Michael and White, James D. L. and McPhie, Jocelyn and Wysoczanski, Richard and Jutzeler, Martin and Tani, Kenichiro and Yoerger, Dana and Fornari, Daniel and Caratori-Tontini, Fabio and Houghton, Bruce and Mitchell, Samuel and Ikegami, Fumihiko and Conway, Chris and Murch, Arran and Fauria, Kristen and Jones, Meghan and Cahalan, Ryan and McKenzie, Warren}
}
@article {Billings2017,
	title = {{SyPRID sampler: A large-volume, high-resolution, autonomous, deep-ocean precision plankton sampling system}},
	journal = {Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
	volume = {137},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {297{\textendash}306},
	abstract = {The current standard for large-volume (thousands of cubic meters) zooplankton sampling in the deep sea is the MOCNESS, a system of multiple opening{\textendash}closing nets, typically lowered to within 50 m of the seabed and towed obliquely to the surface to obtain low-spatial-resolution samples that integrate across 10 s of meters of water depth. The SyPRID (Sentry Precision Robotic Impeller Driven) sampler is an innovative, deep-rated (6000 m) plankton sampler that partners with the Sentry Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) to obtain paired, large-volume plankton samples at specified depths and survey lines to within 1.5 m of the seabed and with simultaneous collection of sensor data. SyPRID uses a perforated Ultra-High-Molecular-Weight (UHMW) plastic tube to support a fine mesh net within an outer carbon composite tube (tube-within-a-tube design), with an axial flow pump located aft of the capture filter. The pump facilitates flow through the system and reduces or possibly eliminates the bow wave at the mouth opening. The cod end, a hollow truncated cone, is also made of UHMW plastic and includes a collection volume designed to provide an area where zooplankton can collect, out of the high flow region. SyPRID attaches as a saddle-pack to the Sentry vehicle. Sentry itself is configured with a flight control system that enables autonomous survey paths to low altitudes. In its verification deployment at the Blake Ridge Seep (2160 m) on the US Atlantic Margin, SyPRID was operated for 6 h at an altitude of 5 m. It recovered plankton samples, including delicate living larvae, from the near-bottom stratum that is seldom sampled by a typical MOCNESS tow. The prototype SyPRID and its next generations will enable studies of plankton or other particulate distributions associated with localized physico-chemical strata in the water column or above patchy habitats on the seafloor.},
	keywords = {AUV Sentry (Autonomous Underwater Vehicle)},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2016.05.007},
	author = {Billings, A and Kaiser, C and Young, C M and Hiebert, L S and Cole, E and Wagner, J K S and Van Dover, C L}
}
@article {Thal2016,
	title = {{Subaqueous cryptodome eruption, hydrothermal activity and related seafloor morphologies on the andesitic North Su volcano}},
	journal = {Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research},
	volume = {323},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {80{\textendash}96},
	abstract = {North Su is a double-peaked active andesite submarine volcano located in the eastern Manus Basin of the Bismarck Sea that reaches a depth of 1154 m. It hosts a vigorous and varied hydrothermal system with black and white smoker vents along with several areas of diffuse venting and deposits of native sulfur. Geologic mapping based on ROV observations from 2006 and 2011 combined with morphologic features identified from repeated bathymetric surveys in 2002 and 2011 documents the emplacement of a volcanic cryptodome between 2006 and 2011. We use our observations and rock analyses to interpret an eruption scenario where highly viscous, crystal-rich andesitic magma erupted slowly into the water-saturated, gravel-dominated slope of North Su. An intense fragmentation process produced abundant blocky clasts of a heterogeneous magma (olivine crystals within a rhyolitic groundmass) that only rarely breached through the clastic cover onto the seafloor. Phreatic and phreatomagmatic explosions beneath the seafloor cause mixing of juvenile and pre-existing lithic clasts and produce a volcaniclastic deposit. This volcaniclastic deposit consists of blocky, non-altered clasts next, variably (1{\textendash}100{\%}) altered clasts, hydrothermal precipitates and crystal fragments. The usually applied parameters to identify juvenile subaqueous lava fragments, i.e. fluidal shape or chilled margin, were not applicable to distinguish between pre-existing non-altered clasts and juvenile clasts. This deposit is updomed during further injection of magma and mechanical disruption. Gas-propelled turbulent clast-recycling causes clasts to develop variably rounded shapes. An abundance of blocky clasts and the lack of clasts typical for the contact of liquid lava with water is interpreted to be the result of a cooled, high-viscosity, crystal-rich magma that failed as a brittle solid upon stress. The high viscosity allows the lava to form blocky and short lobes. The pervasive volcaniclastic cover on North Su is partly cemented by hydrothermal precipitates. These hydrothermally-cemented breccias, crusts and single pillars show that hydrothermal circulation through a thick layer of volcaniclastic deposits can temporarily increase slope stability through precipitation and cementation.},
	keywords = {AUV ABE (Autonomous Benthic Explorer), ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2016.04.041},
	author = {Thal, J and Tivey, M A and Yoerger, D R and Bach, W}
}
@article {ISI:000372952900002,
	title = {{Tracing the production and fate of individual archaeal intact polar lipids using stable isotope probing}},
	journal = {ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY},
	volume = {95},
	year = {2016},
	month = {may},
	pages = {13{\textendash}20},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Analysis of cellular membrane lipids has been widely applied to describe the microbial community composition in natural systems. When combined with stable isotope probing (SIP) experiments, deuterium label (D2O) uptake into lipids enables assessment of microbial biomass production. We performed SIP on methane-rich, hydrothermally-heated sediments to examine the de novo production of individual archaeal intact polar lipids (IPLs) by mesophilic anaerobic methane oxidizing group-1 archaea (ANME-1). The greatest extent of label uptake was by phosphatidyl glycerol archaeol (PG-AR), reaching 50{\%} of the medium{\textquoteright}s label concentration in only 10 days. This indicates PG-AR as an important cell membrane lipid during the active growth phase of mesophilic ANME-1. Much less label uptake was into intact polar glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs), especially for those bound to diglycosidic head groups. The low production of these GDGTs contrasts with their predominance in ANME-1-dominated natural samples. We attribute the differential label uptake among individual IPLs to the ANME-1 tetraether biosynthetic pathway. This mechanism likely involves head-to-head condensation of two molecules of PG-AR and progressive substitution of PG by glycosidic head groups. The observation that ANME-1 invest in the synthesis of diethers during optimum growth suggests intact ARs and/or phosphate-bearing tetraethers as important biomarkers for actively growing populations in natural environments, while the diglycosidic GDGTs appear to signal stationary ANME-1 communities. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0146-6380},
	doi = {10.1016/j.orggeochem.2016.02.004},
	author = {Kellermann, Matthias Y and Yoshinaga, Marcos Y and Wegener, Gunter and Krukenberg, Viola and Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe}
}
@article {ISI:000366233300015,
	title = {{Bathymodiolus growth dynamics in relation to environmental fluctuations in vent habitats}},
	journal = {DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS},
	volume = {106},
	year = {2015},
	month = {dec},
	pages = {183{\textendash}193},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The deep-sea mussel Bathymodiolus thermophilus is a dominant species in the East Pacific Rise (EPR) hydrothermal vent fields. On the EPR volcanically unstable area, this late colonizer reaches high biomass within 4-5 years on new habitats created. by lava flows. The environmental conditions and growth rates characterizing the reestablishment of B. thermophilus populations are however largely unknown, leaving unconstrained the role of this foundation species in the ecosystem dynamics. A typical example from the vent field at 9 degrees 50{\textquoteright}N that was affected by the last massive eruption was the Bio-9 hydrothermal vent site. Here, six years later, a large mussel population had reestablished. The von Bertalanffy growth model estimates the oldest B. thermophilus specimens to be 1.3 year-old in March 2012, consistent with the observation of scarce juveniles among tubeworms in 2010. Younger cohorts were also observed in 2012 but the low number of individuals, relatively to older cohorts, suggests limited survival or growth of new recruits at this site, that could reflect unsuitable habitat conditions. To further explore this asumption, we investigated the relationships between mussel growth dynamics and habitat properties. The approach combined sclerochronology analyses of daily shell growth with continuous habitat monitoring for two mussel assemblages; one from the Bio-9 new settlement and a second from the V-vent site unreached by the lava flow. At both vent sites, semi-diurnal fluctuations of abiotic conditions were recorded using sensors deployed in the mussel bed over 5 to 10 days. These data depict steep transitions from well oxygenated to oxygen-depleted conditions and from alkaline to acidic pH, combined with intermittent sulfide exposure. These semi-diurnal fluctuations exhibited marked changes in amplitude over time, exposing mussels to distinct regimes of abiotic constraints. The V-vent samples allowed growth patterns to be examined at the scale of individual life and compared to long-term records of habitat temperature and oceanographic mooring data in the years following the eruption. Both shell growth and habitat temperature at V-vent varied over the spring-neap tidal cycle and over longer periods of c.a. 60 days. The correlation of growth rate with temperature and, for some individuals, with current velocities supports the idea that tidal forcing impacts growth. Its influence on habitat conditions includes the spring-neap cycle, which is not reflected in current velocities but influences the venting rate. Additionally, it is expected that mesoscale eddies periodically passing across the ridge imprint shell growth through the influence of bottom current on the decimeter-thick mixing interface where mussels thrive. We conclude that diurnal-semidiurnal tidal fluctuations exert major abiotic constraints on B. thermophilus mussels and that low-frequency fluctuations act as significant determinants on growth. Finally, we postulate that the modulation of tidal fluctuations by large-scale hydrodynamic forcing ultimately constrains the capacity of this mussel species to form high biomass aggregations. This study indeed shows that the absence of these strong hydrodynamic drivers would limit the alternance of oxic and sulfidic conditions and significantly affect the growth rate of this species over time. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0967-0637},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2015.10.003},
	author = {Nedoncelle, K and Lartaud, F and Pereira, L Contreira and Yuecel, M and Thurnherr, A M and Mullineaux, L and Le Bris, N}
}
@article {ISI:000342693400001,
	title = {{The Cobb hot spot: HIMU-DMM mixing and melting controlled by a progressively thinning lithospheric lid}},
	journal = {GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS},
	volume = {15},
	number = {8},
	year = {2014},
	month = {aug},
	pages = {3107{\textendash}3122},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The Cobb Seamount Chain in the northeast Pacific basin records the composition of the Cobb hot spot for the past 33 Myr, as the migrating Juan de Fuca Ridge approached and ultimately overran it ca. 0.5 Myr ago. In this first comprehensive geochemical study of the Cobb chain, major and trace element compositions and Sr, Nd, Pb, and Hf isotopic ratios were measured for whole-rock samples from throughout the chain, and He isotopes were acquired for olivine phenocrysts from one seamount. Trace element modeling indicates increased melting along the chain over time, with progressively more depleted lavas as the ridge approached the hot spot. The isotopic data reveal the first evidence of the high mu (mu=U-238/Pb-204) (HIMU) mantle component in the north Pacific basin and are consistent with a progressively decreasing mixing proportion of HIMU melts relative to those from depleted mid-ocean ridge basalt mantle (DMM) in the chain over time. Decreasing lithospheric thickness over the Cobb hot spot due to the approach of the migrating Juan de Fuca ridge allowed adiabatic melting to continue to shallower depths, leading to increased melt fractions of the refractory DMM component in the hot spot and more depleted and MORB-like lavas in the younger Cobb seamounts.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {1525-2027},
	doi = {10.1002/2014GC005334},
	author = {Chadwick, John and Keller, Randall and Kamenov, George and Yogodzinski, Gene and Lupton, John}
}
@article {Smith2014,
	title = {{Development and evolution of detachment faulting along 50 km of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge near 16.5{\textdegree}N}},
	journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
	volume = {15},
	number = {12},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {4692{\textendash}4711},
	abstract = {A multifaceted study of the slow spreading Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) at 16.5{\textdegree}N provides new insights into detachment faulting and its evolution through time. The survey included regional multibeam bathymetry mapping, high-resolution mapping using AUV Sentry, seafloor imaging using the TowCam system, and an extensive rock-dredging program. At different times, detachment faulting was active along \~{}50 km of the western flank of the study area, and may have dominated spreading on that flank for the last 5 Ma. Detachment morphologies vary and include a classic corrugated massif, noncorrugated massifs, and back-tilted ridges marking detachment breakaways. High-resolution Sentry data reveal a new detachment morphology; a low-angle, irregular surface in the regional bathymetry is shown to be a finely corrugated detachment surface (corrugation wavelength of only tens of meters and relief of just a few meters). Multiscale corrugations are observed 2{\textendash}3 km from the detachment breakaway suggesting that they formed in the brittle layer, perhaps by anastomosing faults. The thin wedge of hanging wall lavas that covers a low-angle (6{\textdegree}) detachment footwall near its termination are intensely faulted and fissured; this deformation may be enhanced by the low angle of the emerging footwall. Active detachment faulting currently is limited to the western side of the rift valley. Nonetheless, detachment fault morphologies also are present over a large portion of the eastern flank on crust {\textgreater}2 Ma, indicating that within the last 5 Ma parts of the ridge axis have experienced periods of two-sided detachment faulting.},
	keywords = {AUV Sentry (Autonomous Underwater Vehicle)},
	doi = {10.1002/2014GC005563},
	author = {Smith, D K and Schouten, H and Dick, H J B and Cann, J R and Salters, V and Marschall, H R and Ji, F and Yoerger, D R and Sanfilippo, A and Parnell-Turner, R and Palmiotto, C and Zheleznov, A and Bai, H and Junkin, W and Urann, B and Dick, S and Sulanowska, M and Lemmond, P and Curry, S}
}
@article {Feseker2014,
	title = {{Eruption of a deep-sea mud volcano triggers rapid sediment movement}},
	journal = {Nature Communications},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {5385},
	abstract = {Submarine mud volcanoes are important sources of methane to the water column. However, the temporal variability of their mud and methane emissions is unknown. Methane emissions were previously proposed to result from a dynamic equilibrium between upward migration and consumption at the seabed by methane-consuming microbes. Here we show non-steady-state situations of vigorous mud movement that are revealed through variations in fluid flow, seabed temperature and seafloor bathymetry. Time series data for pressure, temperature, pH and seafloor photography were collected over 431 days using a benthic observatory at the active H{\aa}kon Mosby Mud Volcano. We documented 25 pulses of hot subsurface fluids, accompanied by eruptions that changed the landscape of the mud volcano. Four major events triggered rapid sediment uplift of more than a metre in height, substantial lateral flow of muds at average velocities of 0.4 m per day, and significant emissions of methane and CO2 from the seafloor.},
	keywords = {AUV Sentry (Autonomous Underwater Vehicle)},
	doi = {10.1038/ncomms6385},
	author = {Feseker, T and Boetius, A and Wenzh{\"o}fer, F and Blandin, J and Olu, K and Yoerger, D R and Camilli, R and German, C R and de Beer, D}
}
@article {Thal2014,
	title = {{Geologic setting of PACManus hydrothermal area - High resolution mapping and in situ observations}},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {355},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {98{\textendash}114},
	abstract = {This study presents a systematic analysis and interpretation of autonomous underwater vehicle-based microbathymetry combined with remotely operated vehicle (ROV) video recordings, rock analyses and temperature measurements within the PACManus hydrothermal area located on Pual Ridge in the Bismarck Sea of eastern Manus Basin. The data obtained during research cruise Magellan-06 and So-216 provides a framework for understanding the relationship between the volcanism, tectonism and hydrothermal activity. PACManus is a submarine felsic vocanically-hosted hydrothermal area that hosts multiple vent fields located within several hundred meters of one another but with different fluid chemistries, vent temperatures and morphologies. The total area of hydrothermal activity is estimated to be 20,279 m(2). The microbathymetry maps combined with the ROV video observations allow for precise high-resolution mapping estimates of the areal extents of hydrothermal activity. We find the distribution of hydrothermal fields in the PACManus area is primarily controlled by volcanic features that include lava domes, thick and massive blocky lava flows, breccias and feeder dykes. Spatial variation in the permeability of local volcanic facies appears to control the distribution of venting within a field. We define a three-stage chronological sequence for the volcanic evolution of the PACManus based on lava flow morphology, sediment cover and lava SiO2 concentration. In Stage-1, sparsely to moderately porphyritic dacite lavas (68-69.8 wt.{\%} SiO2) erupted to form domes or cryptodomes. In Stage-2, aphyric lava with slightly lower SiO2 concentrations (67.2-67.9 wt.{\%} SiO2) formed jumbled and pillowed lava flows. In the most recent phase Stage-3, massive blocky lavas with 69 to 72.5 wt{\%} SiO2 were erupted through multiple vents constructing a volcanic ridge identified as the PACManus neovolcanic zone. The transition between these stages may be gradual and related to progressive heating of a silicic magma following a recharge event of hot, mantle-derived melts.},
	keywords = {AUV ABE (Autonomous Benthic Explorer), ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	doi = {10.1016/j.margeo.2014.05.011},
	author = {Thal, Janis and Tivey, Maurice and Yoerger, Dana and Joens, Niels and Bach, Wolfgang}
}
@article {Parnell-Turner2014,
	title = {{Sedimentation rates test models of oceanic detachment faulting}},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {41},
	number = {20},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {7080{\textendash}7088},
	abstract = {Long-lived detachment faults play an important role in the construction of new oceanic crust at slow-spreading mid-oceanic ridges. Although the corrugated surfaces of exposed low-angle faults demonstrate past slip, it is difficult to determine whether a given fault is currently active. If inactive, it is unclear when slip ceased. This judgment is crucial for tectonic reconstructions where detachment faults are present, and for models of plate spreading. We quantify variation in sediment thickness over two corrugated surfaces near 16.5{\textdegree}N at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge using near-bottom Compressed High Intensity Radar Pulse (CHIRP) data. We show that the distribution of sediment and tectonic features at one detachment fault is consistent with slip occurring today. In contrast, another corrugated surface 20 km to the south shows a sediment distribution suggesting that slip ceased {\~{}}150,000 years ago. Data presented here provide new evidence for active detachment faulting, and suggest along-axis variations in fault activity occur over tens of kilometers.},
	keywords = {AUV Sentry (Autonomous Underwater Vehicle)},
	doi = {10.1002/2014GL061555},
	author = {Parnell-Turner, R and Cann, J R and Smith, D K and Schouten, H and Yoerger, D R and Palmiotto, C and Zheleznov, A and Bai, H}
}
@article {Wagner2013,
	title = {{Cold-seep habitat mapping: High-resolution spatial characterization of the Blake Ridge Diapir seep field}},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
	volume = {92},
	number = {SI},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {183{\textendash}188},
	abstract = {Relationships among seep community biomass, diversity, and physiographic controls such as underlying geology are not well understood. Previous efforts to constrain these relationships at the Blake Ridge Diapir were limited to observations from piloted deep-submergence vehicles. In August 2012, the autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) Sentry collected geophysical and photographic data over a 0.131~km2 area at the Blake Ridge Diapir seeps. A nested survey approach was used that began with a regional or reconnaissance-style survey using sub-bottom mapping systems to locate and identify seeps and underlying conduits. This survey was followed by AUV-mounted sidescan sonar and multibeam echosounder systems mapping on a mesoscale to characterize the seabed physiography. At the most detailed survey level, digital photographic imaging was used to resolve sub-meter characteristics of the biology. Four pockmarks (25{\textendash}70~m diameter) were documented, each supporting chemosynthetic communities. Concentric zonation of mussels and clams suggests the influence of chemical gradients on megafaunal distribution. Data collection and analytical techniques used here yield high-resolution habitat maps that can serve as baselines to constrain temporal evolution of seafloor seeps, and to inform ecological niche modeling and resource management.},
	keywords = {AUV Sentry (Autonomous Underwater Vehicle)},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.02.008},
	author = {Wagner, J K S and McEntee, M H and Brothers, L L and German, C R and Kaiser, C L and Yoerger, D R and Van Dover, C L}
}
@article {Brothers2013,
	title = {{Evidence for extensive methane venting on the southeastern U.S. Atlantic margin}},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {41},
	number = {7},
	year = {2013},
	month = {jul},
	pages = {807{\textendash}810},
	abstract = {We present the first evidence for widespread seabed methane venting along the southeastern United States Atlantic margin beyond the well-known Blake Ridge diapir seep. Recent ship- and autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV)-collected data resolve multiple water-column anomalies ({\textgreater}1000 m height) and extensive new chemosynthetic seep communities at the Blake Ridge and Cape Fear diapirs. These results indicate that multiple, highly localized fluid conduits punctuate the areally extensive Blake Ridge gas hydrate province, and enable the delivery of significant amounts of methane to the water column. Thus, there appears to be an abundance of seabed fluid flux not previously ascribed to the Atlantic margin of the United States.},
	keywords = {AUV Sentry (Autonomous Underwater Vehicle)},
	issn = {0091-7613},
	doi = {10.1130/G34217.1},
	author = {Brothers, L L and Van Dover, C L and German, C R and Kaiser, C L and Yoerger, D R and Ruppel, C D and Lobecker, E and Skarke, A D and Wagner, J K S}
}
@article {Tontini2013,
	title = {{Geophysical modeling of collapse-prone zones at Rumble III seamount, southern Pacific Ocean, New Zealand}},
	journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
	volume = {14},
	number = {10},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {4667{\textendash}4680},
	abstract = {Catastrophic collapses of submarine volcanoes have the potential to generate major tsunami, threatening many coastal populations. Recognizing the difficulties surrounding anticipations of these events, quantitative assessment of collapse-prone regions based on detailed morphological, geological, and geophysical mapping can still provide important information about the hazards associated with these collapses. Rumble III is one of the shallowest, and largest, submarine volcanoes found along the Kermadec arc, and is both volcanically and hydrothermally active. Previous surveys have delineated major collapse features at Rumble III; based on time-lapse bathymetry, dramatic changes in the volcano morphology have been shown to have occurred over the interval 2007{\textendash}2009. Furthermore, this volcano is located just \~{}300 km from the east coast of the North Island of New Zealand. Here, we present a geophysical model for Rumble III that provides the locations and sizes of potential weak regions of this volcano. Shipborne and near-seafloor geological and geophysical data collected by the AUV Sentry are used to determine the subsurface distribution of weak and unstable volcanic rocks. The resulting model provides evidence for potentially unstable areas located in the Southeastern flank of this volcano which should be included in future hazard predictions.},
	keywords = {AUV Sentry (Autonomous Underwater Vehicle)},
	issn = {1525-2027},
	doi = {10.1002/ggge.20278},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ggge.20278},
	author = {Tontini, F C and de Ronde, C E J and Kinsey, J C and Soule, A and Yoerger, D and Cocchi, L}
}
@article {ISI:000323828800015,
	title = {{A low-relief shield volcano origin for the South Kaua{\{}{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright}{\}}i Swell}},
	journal = {GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS},
	volume = {14},
	number = {7},
	year = {2013},
	month = {jul},
	pages = {2328{\textendash}2348},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The South Kauai Swell (SKS) is a 110 km x 80 km ovoid bathymetric feature that stands {\textgreater}2 km high and abuts the southern flank of the island of Kauai. The origin of the SKS was investigated using multibeam bathymetry and acoustic backscatter, gravity data, radiometric ages, and geochemistry of rock samples. Most of the SKS rock samples are tholeiitic in composition with ages of 3.9-5.4 Ma indicating they were derived from shield volcanism. The ages and compositions of the SKS rocks partially overlap with those of the nearby Niihau, Kauai and West Kaena volcano complexes. The SKS was originally described as a landslide; however, this interpretation is problematic given the ovoid shape of SKS, its relatively smooth, flat-to-convex surface, and the lack of an obvious source region that could accommodate what would be one of Earth{\textquoteright}s most voluminous (6 x 10(3) km(3)) landslides. The morphology, size, and the surrounding gravity anomaly are more consistent with the SKS being a low-relief shield volcano, which was partially covered with a small volume of landside debris from south Kauai and later with some secondary volcanic seamounts. A shield origin would imply that Hawaiian and possibly other hotspot shield volcanoes can take on a wider variety of forms than is commonly thought, ranging from tall island-building shields, to smaller edifices such as Kaena Ridge and Mahukona, to even lower-relief volcanoes represented by the SKS and possibly the South West Oahu Volcanic Field.},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {1525-2027},
	doi = {10.1002/ggge.20159},
	author = {Ito, Garrett and Garcia, Michael O and Smith, John R and Taylor, Brian and Flinders, Ashton and Jicha, Brian and Yamasaki, Seiko and Weis, Dominique and Swinnard, Lisa and Blay, Chuck}
}
@article {Yuecel2013,
	title = {{Temporal trends in vent fluid iron and sulfide chemistry following the 2005/2006 eruption at East Pacific Rise, 9 degrees 50 {\textquoteright} N}},
	journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
	volume = {14},
	number = {4},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {759{\textendash}765},
	abstract = {The chemistry of vent fluids that emanate to the seafloor undergoes dramatic changes after volcanic eruptions. Data on these changes are still limited, but the best studied example is the East Pacific Rise (EPR) at 9{\textdegree}50'N, where the temporal evolution of the vent fluid chemistry after the 1991/1992 eruption was documented. The area underwent another eruption sequence during late 2005/early 2006, and here we show that a similar evolution is recurring in the iron and sulfide contents of the high-temperature fluids sampled in June 2006, January 2007, and June 2008. The vents have had increasing dissolved iron and decreasing acid-volatile sulfide (free sulfide plus FeS) concentrations with 1 order of magnitude variation. In addition, chromium reducible sulfide (mainly pyrite) also had fivefold decreasing concentrations over the 3 years. Our results confirm a pattern that was noted only once before for 9{\textdegree}50'N EPR and emphasize the dramatic yearly variability in the concentrations of iron-sulfur species emanating from vents.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {1525-2027},
	doi = {10.1002/ggge.20088},
	author = {Yuecel, M and Luther, G W}
}
@article {Luther2012,
	title = {{Chemistry, Temperature, and Faunal Distributions at Diffuse-Flow Hydrothermal Vents Comparison of Two Geologically Distinct Ridge Systems}},
	journal = {Oceanography},
	volume = {25},
	number = {1},
	year = {2012},
	month = {mar},
	pages = {234{\textendash}245},
	abstract = {Diffuse-flow, low-temperature areas near hydrothermal vents support life via chemosynthesis: hydrogen sulfide (and other reduced chemical compounds) emanating from the subsurface is oxidized with bottom-water oxygen through bacterial mediation to fix carbon dioxide and produce biomass. This article reviews the in~situ diffuse-flow chemistry (mainly H2S and O2) and temperature data collected in 2006 and 2009 along the Eastern Lau Spreading Center (ELSC), and from 2004 to 2008 at 9{\textdegree}N along the East Pacific Rise (9 N EPR), predominantly around macrofauna that contain endosymbionts at these two hydrothermal vent regions. More than 48,000 and 20,000 distinct chemical and temperature data points were collected with a multi-analyte electrochemical analyzer in the diffuse-flow waters at 9 N EPR and the ELSC, respectively. Despite their different geological settings and different macrofauna (two different species of snails and mussels at the ELSC versus two different species of tubeworms and mussels at 9 N EPR), there are similarities in the temperature and chemistry data, as well as in the distributions of organisms. The pattern of water chemistry preferred by the provannid snails (Alviniconcha~spp., Ifremeria nautilei) and Bathymodiolus brevior at the ELSC is similar to the water chemistry pattern found for the siboglinid tubeworms (Tevnia jerichonana, Riftia pachyptila) and the Bathymodiolus thermophilus mussels at 9 N EPR. The eruptions at 9 N EPR in 2005 and 2006 resulted in increased H2S concentrations, increased H2S/T ratios, and an initial change in the dominant tubeworm species from Riftia pachyptila to Tevnia jerichonana after the eruption created new vent habitats. In 2005, two sites at 9 N EPR showed major increases in the H2S/T ratio from 2004, which suggested a probable eruption in this basalt-dominated system. At the ELSC, there was a decrease in the H2S/T ratio from northern to southern sites, which reflects the change in geological setting from basalt to andesite and the shallower water depths at the southern sites.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle), ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {1042-8275},
	doi = {10.5670/oceanog.2012.22},
	author = {Luther, G W and Gartman, A and Yuecel, M and Madison, A S and Moore, T S and Nees, H A and Nuzzio, D B and Sen, A and Lutz, R A and Shank, T M and Fisher, C R}
}
@conference {Kaiser2012,
	title = {{Satellite based remote management and operation of a 6000m AUV}},
	booktitle = {Oceans, 2012},
	volume = {Hampton Ro},
	year = {2012},
	abstract = {During a July, 2012 expedition to the Hatteras Transverse Canyon, Blake Ridge, and Cape Fear Diapir, the AUV Sentry, aboard the NOAA Ship Okeanos, conducted experiments into remote operation of an AUV via satellite link. Remote launch, remote engineering, remote data processing and remote watch standing were all explored with varying degrees of success. Remote engineering and troubleshooting was found to be exceptionally promising and worthy of further effort. Remote data processing was a valuable addition for a telepresence enabled cruise where a substantial component of the science team was on shore. Remore watch standing and remote launch were both found to be viable though requiring improvement. Technology infrastructure is discussed along with successes, difficulties, and recommendations for future improvement.},
	keywords = {AUV Sentry (Autonomous Underwater Vehicle)},
	doi = {10.1109/OCEANS.2012.6404900},
	author = {Kaiser, C L and Kinsey, J C and Pinner, W and Yoerger, D R and German, C R and Van Dover, C L}
}
@article {Li2011,
	title = {{Abundance and distribution of fatty acids within the walls of an active deep-sea sulfide chimney}},
	journal = {Journal of Sea Research},
	volume = {65},
	number = {3},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {333{\textendash}339},
	abstract = {Abundance and distribution of total fatty acids (TFAs) were examined along the physicochemical gradient within an active hydrothermal chimney collected from the Main Endeavour segment of Juan de Fuca Ridge. Approximately 27 fatty acids are identified with a chain-length ranging from C12 to C22. From the exterior to the interior of the chimney walls, the total concentrations of TFAs (∑~TFAs) show a trend of evident decrease. The observed compositions of TFAs are rich in bacterial biomarkers especially monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and minor branched and cyclopropyl FAs. On the basis of the species-specific FAs and bacterial 16SrRNA gene analysis (Li et al., unpublished data), sulfur-based metabolism appears to be the essential metabolic process in the chimney. Furthermore, the sulfur oxidizing bacteria (SOB) are identified as a basic component of microbial communities at the exterior of the hydrothermal chimney, and its proportion shows an inward decrease while the sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) have an inverse distribution.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {1385-1101},
	doi = {10.1016/j.seares.2011.01.005},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2011.01.005},
	author = {Li, J and Zhou, H Y and Peng, X T and Fu, M and Chen, Z Q and Yao, H Q}
}
@article {Kinsey2011,
	title = {{Assessing the Deepwater Horizon oil spill with the Sentry autonomous underwater vehicle}},
	journal = {2011 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {261{\textendash}267},
	abstract = {This paper reports the Sentry autonomous underwater vehicle and its deployment on two cruises in response to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. The first cruise, in June 2010, coupled Sentry with the TETHYS mass spectrometer to track and localize a subsea hydrocarbon plume at a depth of approximately 1100m going at least 30km from the oil spill site. In December 2010, Sentry mapped and photographed deep-sea biological communities for follow-up observations and sampling with the Alvin manned submersible. These cruises demonstrate how robots and novel sensing technologies contributed to the oil spill assessment and the broader impact of technologies developed for basic research.},
	keywords = {AUV Sentry (Autonomous Underwater Vehicle)},
	doi = {10.1109/IROS.2011.6095008},
	author = {Kinsey, J C and Yoerger, D R and Jakuba, M V and Camilli, Rich and Fisher, C R and German, C R}
}
@article {Mottl2011,
	title = {{Chemistry of hot springs along the Eastern Lau Spreading Center}},
	journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
	volume = {75},
	number = {4},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {1013{\textendash}1038},
	abstract = {The Eastern Lau Spreading Center (ELSC) is the southernmost part of the back-arc spreading axis in the Lau Basin, west of the Tonga trench and the active Tofua volcanic arc. Over its 397-km length it exhibits large and systematic changes in spreading rate, magmatic/tectonic processes, and proximity to the volcanic arc. In 2005, we collected 81 samples of vent water from six hydrothermal fields along the ELSC. The chemistry of these waters varies both within and between vent fields, in response to changes in substrate composition, temperature and pressure, pH, water/rock ratio, and input from magmatic gases and subducted sediment. Hot-spring temperatures range from 229{\textdegree} to 363~{\textdegree}C at the five northernmost fields, with a general decrease to the south that is reversed at the Mariner field. The southernmost field, Vai Lili, emitted water at up to 334~{\textdegree}C in 1989 but had a maximum venting temperature of only 121~{\textdegree}C in 2005, due to waning activity and admixture of bottom seawater into the subseafloor plumbing system. Chloride varies both within fields and from one field to another, from a low of 528~mmol/kg to a high of 656~mmol/kg, and may be enriched by phase separation and/or leaching of Cl from the rock. Concentrations of the soluble elements K, Rb, Cs, and B likewise increase southward as the volcanic substrate becomes more silica-rich, especially on the Valu Fa Ridge. Iodine and $δ$7Li increase southward, and $δ$11B decreases as B increases, apparently in response to increased input from subducted sediment as the arc is approached. Species that decrease southward as temperature falls are Si, H2S, Li, Na/Cl, Fe, Mn, and 87Sr/86Sr, whereas pH, alkalinity, Ca, and Sr increase. Oxygen isotopes indicate a higher water/rock ratio in the three systems on Valu Fa Ridge, consistent with higher porosity in more felsic volcanic rocks. Vent waters at the Mariner vent field on the Valu Fa Ridge are significantly hotter, more acid and metal-rich, less saline, and richer in dissolved gases and other volatiles, including H2S, CO2, and F, than the other vent fields, consistent with input of magmatic gases. The large variations in geologic and geophysical parameters produced by back-arc spreading along the ELSC, which exceed those along mid-ocean ridge spreading axes, produce similar large variations in the composition of vent waters, and thus provide new insights into the processes that control the chemistry of submarine hot springs.},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {0016-7037},
	doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2010.12.008},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2010.12.008},
	author = {Mottl, M J and Seewald, J S and Wheat, C G and Tivey, M K and Michael, P J and Proskurowski, G and McCollom, T M and Reeves, E and Sharkey, J and You, C F and Chan, L H and Pichler, T}
}
@article {ISI:000290021000005,
	title = {{Comparative metagenomics of microbial communities inhabiting deep-sea hydrothermal vent chimneys with contrasting chemistries}},
	journal = {ISME JOURNAL},
	volume = {5},
	number = {3},
	year = {2011},
	month = {mar},
	pages = {414{\textendash}426},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Deep-sea hydrothermal vent chimneys harbor a high diversity of largely unknown microorganisms. Although the phylogenetic diversity of these microorganisms has been described previously, the adaptation and metabolic potential of the microbial communities is only beginning to be revealed. A pyrosequencing approach was used to directly obtain sequences from a fosmid library constructed from a black smoker chimney 4143-1 in the Mothra hydrothermal vent field at the Juan de Fuca Ridge. A total of 308 034 reads with an average sequence length of 227 bp were generated. Comparative genomic analyses of metagenomes from a variety of environments by two-way clustering of samples and functional gene categories demonstrated that the 4143-1 metagenome clustered most closely with that from a carbonate chimney from Lost City. Both are highly enriched in genes for mismatch repair and homologous recombination, suggesting that the microbial communities have evolved extensive DNA repair systems to cope with the extreme conditions that have potential deleterious effects on the genomes. As previously reported for the Lost City microbiome, the metagenome of chimney 4143-1 exhibited a high proportion of transposases, implying that horizontal gene transfer may be a common occurrence in the deep-sea vent chimney biosphere. In addition, genes for chemotaxis and flagellar assembly were highly enriched in the chimney metagenomes, reflecting the adaptation of the organisms to the highly dynamic conditions present within the chimney walls. Reconstruction of the metabolic pathways revealed that the microbial community in the wall of chimney 4143-1 was mainly fueled by sulfur oxidation, putatively coupled to nitrate reduction to perform inorganic carbon fixation through the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle. On the basis of the genomic organization of the key genes of the carbon fixation and sulfur oxidation pathways contained in the large genomic fragments, both obligate and facultative autotrophs appear to be present and contribute to biomass production. The ISME Journal (2011) 5, 414-426; doi: 10.1038/ismej.2010.144; published online 7 October 2010},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {1751-7362},
	doi = {10.1038/ismej.2010.144},
	author = {Xie, Wei and Wang, Fengping and Guo, Lei and Chen, Zeling and Sievert, Stefan M and Meng, Jun and Huang, Guangrui and Li, Yuxin and Yan, Qingyu and Wu, Shan and Wang, Xin and Chen, Shangwu and He, Guangyuan and Xiao, Xiang and Xu, Anlong}
}
@article {Blackman2011,
	title = {{Drilling constraints on lithospheric accretion and evolution at Atlantis Massif, Mid-Atlantic Ridge 30 degrees N}},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth},
	volume = {116},
	year = {2011},
	month = {jul},
	pages = {B07103{\textendash}B07103},
	publisher = {AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION},
	address = {WASHINGTON; 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA},
	abstract = {Expeditions 304 and 305 of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program cored and logged a 1.4 km section of the domal core of Atlantis Massif. Postdrilling research results summarized here constrain the structure and lithology of the Central Dome of this oceanic core complex. The dominantly gabbroic sequence recovered contrasts with predrilling predictions; application of the ground truth in subsequent geophysical processing has produced self-consistent models for the Central Dome. The presence of many thin interfingered petrologic units indicates that the intrusions forming the domal core were emplaced over a minimum of 100-220 kyr, and not as a single magma pulse. Isotopic and mineralogical alteration is intense in the upper 100 m but decreases in intensity with depth. Below 800 m, alteration is restricted to narrow zones surrounding faults, veins, igneous contacts, and to an interval of locally intense serpentinization in olivine-rich troctolite. Hydration of the lithosphere occurred over the complete range of temperature conditions from granulite to zeolite facies, but was predominantly in the amphibolite and greenschist range. Deformation of the sequence was remarkably localized, despite paleomagnetic indications that the dome has undergone at least 45 degrees rotation, presumably during unroofing via detachment faulting. Both the deformation pattern and the lithology contrast with what is known from seafloor studies on the adjacent Southern Ridge of the massif. There, the detachment capping the domal core deformed a 100 m thick zone and serpentinized peridotite comprises similar to 70{\%} of recovered samples. We develop a working model of the evolution of Atlantis Massif over the past 2 Myr, outlining several stages that could explain the observed similarities and differences between the Central Dome and the Southern Ridge.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle), ROV Argo (Remotely Operated Vehicle), ROV DSL-120 (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {2169-9313},
	doi = {10.1029/2010JB007931},
	author = {Blackman, D K and Ildefonse, B and John, B E and Ohara, Y and Miller, D J and Abe, N and Abratis, M and Andal, E S and Andreani, M and Awaji, S and Beard, J S and Brunelli, D and Charney, A B and Christie, D M and Collins, J and Delacour, A G and Delius, H and Drouin, M and Einaudi, F and Escartin, J and Frost, B R and Frueh-Green, G and Fryer, P B and Gee, J S and Godard, M and Grimes, C B and Halfpenny, A and Hansen, H -E and Harris, A C and Tamura, A and Hayman, N W and Hellebrand, E and Hirose, T and Hirth, J G and Ishimaru, S and Johnson, K T M and Karner, G D and Linek, M and MacLeod, C J and Maeda, J and Mason, O U and McCaig, A M and Michibayashi, K and Morris, A and Nakagawa, T and Nozaka, T and Rosner, M and Searle, R C and Suhr, G and Tominaga, M and von der Handt, A and Yamasaki, T and Zhao, X}
}
@article {Yucel2011,
	title = {{Hydrothermal vents as a kinetically stable source of iron-sulphide-bearing nanoparticles to the ocean}},
	journal = {Nature Geoscience},
	volume = {4},
	number = {6},
	year = {2011},
	month = {jun},
	pages = {367{\textendash}371},
	publisher = {NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP},
	address = {NEW YORK; 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA},
	abstract = {Hydrothermal vents emit sulphur and metals to the ocean(1). Particular attention has been paid to hydrothermal fluxes of iron(2-4), a limiting micronutrient of marine primary production(5). Vent-derived iron was previously thought to rapidly oxidize and precipitate around vents(6). However, organic matter can bind to and stabilize dissolved and particulate iron in hydrothermal plumes(7-9), facilitating its dispersion into the open ocean(10). Here, we report measurements of the chemical speciation of sulphide and iron in high-temperature fluids emanating from vents in the East Pacific Rise and the Eastern Lau Spreading Center. We show that pyrite nanoparticles-composed of iron and sulphur-account for up to 10{\%} of the filterable iron (less than 200nm in size) in these fluids. We suggest that these particles form before the discharge of the vent fluid. We estimate that pyrite nanoparticles sink more slowly than larger plume particles, and are more resistant to oxidation than dissolved Fe(II) and FeS. We suggest that the discharge of iron in the form of pyrite nanoparticles increases the probability that vent-derived iron will be transported over long distances in the deep ocean.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle), ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {1752-0894},
	doi = {10.1038/NGEO1148},
	author = {Yucel, M and Gartman, A and Chan, Clara S and Luther, G W}
}
@article {Gartman2011,
	title = {{Sulfide Oxidation across Diffuse Flow Zones of Hydrothermal Vents}},
	journal = {Aquatic Geochemistry},
	volume = {17},
	number = {4-5},
	year = {2011},
	month = {sep},
	pages = {583{\textendash}601},
	publisher = {SPRINGER},
	address = {NEW YORK; 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA},
	abstract = {The sulfide (H(2)S/HS(-)) that is emitted from hydrothermal vents begins to oxidize abiotically with oxygen upon contact with ambient bottom water, but the reaction kinetics are slow. Here, using in situ voltammetry, we report detection of the intermediate sulfur oxidation products polysulfides [S(x)(2-)] and thiosulfate [S(2)O(3)(2-)], along with contextual data on sulfide, oxygen, and temperature. At Lau Basin in 2006, thiosulfate was identified in less than one percent of approximately 10,500 scans and no polysulfides were detected. Only five percent of 11,000 voltammetric scans taken at four vent sites at Lau Basin in May 2009 show either thiosulfate or polysulfides. These in situ data indicate that abiotic sulfide oxidation does not readily occur as H(2)S contacts oxic bottom waters. Calculated abiotic potential sulfide oxidation rates are},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {1380-6165},
	doi = {10.1007/s10498-011-9136-1},
	author = {Gartman, A and Yucel, M and Madison, A S and Chu, D W and Ma, S and Janzen, C P and Becker, E L and Beinart, R A and Girguis, P R and Luther, G W}
}
@article {Valentine2010,
	title = {{Asphalt volcanoes as a potential source of methane to late Pleistocene coastal waters}},
	journal = {Nature Geoscience},
	volume = {3},
	number = {5},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {345{\textendash}348},
	abstract = {Every year, natural petroleum seepage emits 0.2{\textendash}2 Tg of oil to the ocean1. Significant oil seepage can build large underwater mounds, consisting of tar deposits with morphologies similar to volcanic lava flows, known as asphalt volcanoes2, 3. Such events are typically accompanied by large fluxes of the greenhouse gas methane4, 5. Marine sediments from the Santa Barbara basin, California, contain a record of elevated methane concentrations6, anoxia and tar deposition7 during the Pleistocene epoch that had been attributed to dissolution of methane hydrates. However, the region is known to have exhibited oil seepage in the past7. Here, we document the discovery of seven extinct asphalt volcanoes off the coast of southern California. The morphology of the deposits and geochemistry of samples taken from the two largest structures supports their classification as asphalt volcanoes, derived from a common source. We estimate that the two structures resulted from seepage of 0.07{\textendash}0.4 Tg of oil, accompanied by the emission of 0.35{\textendash}1.8 Tg of methane. Radiocarbon dating of carbonate deposits entrained with the asphalt indicates formation of the volcanoes between 44 and 31 kyr ago. The timing and volume of erupted hydrocarbons from the asphalt structures can explain some or all of the documented methane release and tar accumulation in the Santa Barbara basin during the Pleistocene.},
	keywords = {AUV Sentry (Autonomous Underwater Vehicle), HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {1752-0894},
	doi = {10.1038/ngeo848},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo848},
	author = {Valentine, D L and Reddy, C M and Farwell, C and Hill, T M and Pizarro, O and Yoerger, D R and Camilli, R and Nelson, R K and Peacock, E E and Bagby, S C and Clarke, B A and Roman, C N and Soloway, M}
}
@inbook {Baker2010,
	title = {{Biogeography, Ecology and Vulnerability of Chemosynthetic Ecosystems in the Deep Sea}},
	booktitle = {Life in the World{\textquoteright}s Oceans: Diversity, Distribution, and Abundance},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {161{\textendash}182},
	publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
	organization = {Wiley-Blackwell},
	author = {Baker, M C and Ramirez-Llodra, E and Tyler, P A and German, C R and Boetius, A and Cordes, E E and Dubilier, N and Fisher, C R and Levin, L A and Metaxas, A and Rowden, R and Santos, R S and Shank, R and Van Dover, C L and Young, C and Waren, A}
}
@article {German2010,
	title = {{Diverse styles of submarine venting on the ultraslow spreading Mid-Cayman Rise}},
	journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
	volume = {107},
	number = {32},
	year = {2010},
	month = {aug},
	pages = {14020{\textendash}14025},
	abstract = {Thirty years after the first discovery of high-temperature submarine venting, the vast majority of the global mid-ocean ridge remains unexplored for hydrothermal activity. Of particular interest are the world{\textquoteright}s ultraslow spreading ridges that were the last to be demonstrated to host high-temperature venting but may host systems particularly relevant to prebiotic chemistry and the origins of life. Here we report evidence for previously unknown, diverse, and very deep hydrothermal vents along the similar to 110 km long, ultraslow spreading Mid-Cayman Rise (MCR). Our data indicate that the MCR hosts at least three discrete hydrothermal sites, each representing a different type of water-rock interaction, including both mafic and ultramafic systems and, at similar to 5,000 m, the deepest known hydrothermal vent. Although submarine hydrothermal circulation, in which seawater percolates through and reacts with host lithologies, occurs on all mid-ocean ridges, the diversity of vent types identified here and their relative geographic isolation make the MCR unique in the oceans. These new sites offer prospects for an expanded range of vent-fluid compositions, varieties of abiotic organic chemical synthesis and extremophile microorganisms, and unparalleled faunal biodiversity-all in close proximity.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0027-8424},
	doi = {10.1073/pnas.1009205107},
	author = {German, C R and Bowen, A and Coleman, M L and Honig, D L and Huber, J A and Jakuba, M V and Kinsey, J C and Kurz, M D and Leroy, S and McDermott, J M and de Lepinay, B M and Nakamura, K and Seewald, J S and Smith, J L and Sylva, S P and Van Dover, C L and Whitcomb, L L and Yoerger, D R}
}
@article {Yeats2010,
	title = {{Mapping elemental distributions in submarine hydrothermal sulfide smokers using proton induced X-ray emission}},
	journal = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms},
	volume = {268},
	number = {11-12},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {2129{\textendash}2132},
	abstract = {PIXE analysis using a 3 MeV proton beam on the CSIRO Nuclear Microprobe was carried out on samples of four typical undersea sulfide chimneys from the Rogers Ruins and Fenway hydrothermal sites, PACMANUS field, Eastern Manus Basin, Papua New Guinea. The ability of PIXE to map the spatial association of trace elements within the sulfides across multiple mineralogical zones provides important insights into the mode of formation of structures and the nature of interaction between \~{}250 and 350 {\textdegree}C hydrothermal fluids and 3{\textendash}4 {\textdegree}C ambient seawater within the chimney walls.},
	keywords = {AUV ABE (Autonomous Benthic Explorer), ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {0168-583X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.nimb.2010.02.034},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2010.02.034},
	author = {Yeats, C and Belton, D and Laird, J S and Ryan, C G}
}
@article {Ferri2010,
	title = {{A novel trigger-based method for hydrothermal vents prospecting using an autonomous underwater robot}},
	journal = {Autonomous Robots},
	volume = {29},
	number = {1},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {67{\textendash}83},
	abstract = {In this paper we address the problem of localizing active hydrothermal vents on the seafloor using an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV). The plumes emitted by hydrothermal vents are the result of thermal and chemical inputs from submarine hot spring systems into the overlying ocean. The Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution{\textquoteright}s Autonomous Benthic Explorer (ABE) AUV has successfully localized previously undiscovered hydrothermal vent fields in several recent vent prospecting expeditions. These expeditions utilized the AUV for a three-stage, nested survey strategy approach (German et al. in Deep Sea Res. I 55:203{\textendash}219, 2008). Each stage consists of a survey flown at successively deeper depths through easier to detect but spatially more constrained vent fluids. Ideally this sequence of surveys culminates in photographic evidence of the vent fields themselves. In this work we introduce a new adaptive strategy for an AUV{\textquoteright}s movement during the first, highest-altitude survey: the AUV initially moves along pre-designed tracklines but certain conditions can trigger an adaptive movement that is likely to acquire additional high value data for vent localization. The trigger threshold is changed during the mission, adapting the method to the different survey profiles the robot may find. The proposed algorithm is vetted on data from previous ABE missions and measures of efficiency presented.},
	keywords = {AUV ABE (Autonomous Benthic Explorer)},
	issn = {0929-5593},
	doi = {10.1007/s10514-010-9187-y},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10514-010-9187-y},
	author = {Ferri, G and Jakuba, M V and Yoerger, D R}
}
@article {Walter2010,
	title = {{Rapid dispersal of a hydrothermal plume by turbulent mixing}},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
	volume = {57},
	number = {8},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {931{\textendash}945},
	abstract = {The water column imprint of the hydrothermal plume observed at the Nibelungen field (8{\textdegree}18'S 13{\textdegree}30'W) is highly variable in space and time. The off-axis location of the site, along the southern boundary of a non-transform ridge offset at the joint between two segments of the southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge, is characterized by complex, rugged topography, and thus favorable for the generation of internal tides, subsequent internal wave breaking, and associated vertical mixing in the water column. We have used towed transects and vertical profiles of stratification, turbidity, and direct current measurements to investigate the strength of turbulent mixing in the vicinity of the vent site and the adjacent rift valley, and its temporal and spatial variability in relation to the plume dispersal. Turbulent diffusivities K$\rho$K$\rho$ were calculated from temperature inversions via Thorpe scales. Heightened mixing (compared to open ocean values) was observed in the whole rift valley within an order of K$\rho$K$\rho$ around 10-3 m2 s-1. The mixing close to the vent site was even more elevated, with an average of View the MathML sourceK$\rho$=4{\texttimes}10-2m2s-1. The mixing, as well as the flow field, exhibited a strong tidal cycle, with strong currents and mixing at the non-buoyant plume level during ebb flow. Periods of strong mixing were associated with increased internal wave activity and frequent occurrence of turbulent overturns. Additional effects of mixing on plume dispersal include bifurcation of the particle plume, likely as a result of the interplay between the modulated mixing strength and current speed, as well as high frequency internal waves in the effluent plume layer, possibly triggered by the buoyant plume via nonlinear interaction with the elevated background turbulence or penetrative convection.},
	keywords = {AUV ABE (Autonomous Benthic Explorer)},
	issn = {0967-0637},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2010.04.010},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2010.04.010},
	author = {Walter, M and Mertens, C and Stober, U and German, C R and Yoerger, D R and Sultemfub, J and Rhein, M and Melchert, B and Baker, E T}
}
@article {Yao2009,
	title = {{Metal sources of black smoker chimneys, Endeavour Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge: Pb isotope constraints}},
	journal = {Applied Geochemistry},
	volume = {24},
	number = {10},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {1971{\textendash}1977},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0883-2927},
	doi = {10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.07.010},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.07.010},
	author = {Yao, H Q and Zhou, H Y and Peng, X T and Bao, S X and Wu, Z J and Li, J T and Sun, Z L and Chen, Z Q and Li, J W and Chen, G Q}
}
@article {Brooke2009,
	title = {{Where do the embryos of Riftia pachyptila develop? Pressure tolerances, temperature tolerances, and buoyancy during prolonged embryonic dispersal}},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
	volume = {56},
	number = {19-20},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {1599{\textendash}1606},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0967-0645},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2009.05.003},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2009.05.003},
	author = {Brooke, S D and Young, C M}
}
@article {Melchert2008,
	title = {{First evidence for high-temperature off-axis venting of deep crustal/mantle heat: The Nibelungen hydrothermal field, southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge}},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {275},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {61{\textendash}69},
	keywords = {AUV ABE (Autonomous Benthic Explorer)},
	issn = {0012-821X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2008.08.010},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2008.08.010},
	author = {Melchert, B and Devey, C W and German, C R and Lackschewitz, K S and Seifert, R and Walter, M and Mertens, C and Yoerger, D R and Baker, E T and Paulick, H and Nakamura, K}
}
@article {Hsu-Kim2008,
	title = {{Formation of Zn- and Fe-sulfides near hydrothermal vents at the Eastern Lau Spreading Center: implications for sulfide bioavailability to chemoautotrophs}},
	journal = {Geochemical Transactions},
	volume = {9},
	number = {6},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {6},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {1467-4866},
	doi = {10.1186/1467-4866-9-6},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1467-4866-9-6},
	author = {Hsu-Kim, H and Mullaugh, K M and Tsang, J J and Yucel, M and Luther, G W}
}
@article {German2008,
	title = {{Hydrothermal exploration with the Autonomous Benthic Explorer}},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
	volume = {55},
	number = {2},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {203{\textendash}219},
	keywords = {AUV ABE (Autonomous Benthic Explorer), AUV Sentry (Autonomous Underwater Vehicle), ROV DSL-120 (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {0967-0637},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2007.11.004},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2007.11.004},
	author = {German, C R and Yoerger, D R and Jakuba, M V and Shank, T M and Langmuir, C H and Nakamura, K I}
}
@article {Nees2008,
	title = {{Hydrothermal vent mussel habitat chemistry, pre- and post-eruption at 9 degrees 50'North on the East Pacific Rise}},
	journal = {Journal of Shellfish Research},
	volume = {27},
	number = {1},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {169{\textendash}175},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle), ROV Argo (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {0730-8000},
	doi = {10.2983/0730-8000(2008)27[169:HVMHCP]2.0.CO;2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2983/0730-8000(2008)27[169:HVMHCP]2.0.CO 2},
	author = {Nees, H A and Moore, T S and Mullaugh, K M and Holyoke, R R and Janzen, C P and Ma, S and Metzger, E and Waite, T J and Yucel, M and Lutz, R A and Shank, T M and Vetriani, C and Nuzzio, D B and Luther, G W}
}
@article {Tyler2008,
	title = {{Reproduction of gastropods from vents on the East Pacific Rise and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge}},
	journal = {Journal of Shellfish Research},
	volume = {27},
	number = {1},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {107{\textendash}118},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0730-8000},
	doi = {10.2983/0730-8000(2008)27[107:ROGFVO]2.0.CO;2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2983/0730-8000(2008)27[107:ROGFVO]2.0.CO 2},
	author = {Tyler, P A and Pendlebury, S and Mills, S W and Mullineaux, L S and Eckelbarger, K J and Baker, M and Young, C M}
}
@article {Rathgeber2008,
	title = {{Vertical distribution and characterization of aerobic phototrophic bacteria at the Juan de Fuca Ridge in the Pacific Ocean}},
	journal = {Photosynthesis Research},
	volume = {97},
	number = {3},
	year = {2008},
	month = {sep},
	pages = {235{\textendash}244},
	abstract = {The vertical distribution of culturable anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria was investigated at five sites at or near the Juan de Fuca Ridge in the Pacific Ocean. Twelve similar strains of obligately aerobic phototrophic bacteria were isolated in pure culture, from depths ranging from 500 to 2,379 m below the surface. These strains appear morphologically, physiologically, biochemically, and phylogenetically similar to Citromicrobium bathyomarinum strain JF-1, a bacterium previously isolated from hydrothermal vent plume waters. Only one aerobic phototrophic strain was isolated from surface waters. This strain is morphologically and physiologically distinct from the strains isolated at deeper sampling locations, and phylogenetic analysis indicates that it is most closely related to the genus Erythrobacter. Phototrophs were cultivated from three water casts taken above vents but not from two casts taken away from active vent sites. No culturable anaerobic anoxygenic phototrophs were detected. The photosynthetic apparatus was investigated in strain JF-1 and contains light-harvesting I and reaction center complexes, which are functional under aerobic conditions.},
	issn = {0166-8595},
	doi = {10.1007/s11120-008-9332-z},
	author = {Rathgeber, C and Lince, M T and Alric, J and Lang, Andrew S and Humphrey, E and Blankenship, R E and Vermeglio, A and Plumley, F G and Van Dover, C L and Beatty, J T and Yurkov, V}
}
@article {Mullaugh2008,
	title = {{Voltammetric (micro)electrodes for the in situ study of Fe2+ oxidation kinetics in hot springs and S2O3-2- production at hydrothermal vents}},
	journal = {Electroanalysis},
	volume = {20},
	number = {3},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {280{\textendash}290},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {1040-0397},
	doi = {10.1002/elan.200704056},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.200704056},
	author = {Mullaugh, K M and Luther, G W and Ma, S and Moore, T S and Yucel, M and Becker, E L and Podowski, E L and Fisher, C R and Trouwborst, R E and Pierson, B K}
}
@article {Garcia2008,
	title = {{Widespread secondary volcanism near northern Hawaiian Islands}},
	journal = {EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
	volume = {89},
	number = {52},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {542{\textendash}543},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {0096-3941},
	doi = {10.1029/2008EO520002},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008EO520002},
	author = {Garcia, M O and Ito, G and Weis, D and Geist, D J and Swinnard, L and Bianco, T and Flinders, A and Taylor, B and Appelgate, B and Blay, C and Hanano, D and Silva, I N and Naumann, T and Maerschalk, C and Harpp, K S and Christensen, B and Sciaroni, L and Tagami, T and Yamasaki, S}
}
@article {Yoerger2007b,
	title = {{Autonomous and remotely operated vehicle technology for hydrothermal vent discovery, exploration, and sampling}},
	journal = {Oceanography},
	volume = {20},
	number = {1},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {152{\textendash}161},
	keywords = {AUV ABE (Autonomous Benthic Explorer), ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle), ROV Medea (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {1042-8275},
	doi = {10.5670/oceanog.2007.89},
	author = {Yoerger, D R and Bradley, A M and Jakuba, M V and German, C R and Shank, T M and Tivey, M}
}
@article {Wu2007,
	title = {{Mechatronic integration and implementation of in situ multipoint temperature measurement for seafloor hydrothermal vent}},
	journal = {Science in China Series E-Technological Sciences},
	volume = {50},
	number = {2},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {144{\textendash}153},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {1006-9321},
	doi = {10.1007/s11431-007-0013-5},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11431-007-0013-5},
	author = {Wu, H C and Chen, Y and Yang, C J and Zhang, J F and Zhou, H Y and Peng, X T and Ji, F W}
}
@article {Yoerger2007,
	title = {{Mid-ocean ridge exploration with an autonomous underwater vehicle}},
	journal = {Oceanography},
	volume = {20},
	number = {4},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {52{\textendash}61},
	keywords = {AUV ABE (Autonomous Benthic Explorer)},
	issn = {1042-8275},
	doi = {10.5670/oceanog.2007.05},
	author = {Yoerger, D R and Bradley, A M and Jakuba, M V and Tivey, M A and German, C R and Shank, T M and Embley, R W}
}
@article {Ferrini2007,
	title = {{Submeter bathymetric mapping of volcanic and hydrothermal features on the East Pacific Rise crest at 9 degrees 50 {\textquoteright} N}},
	journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {Q01006},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {1525-2027},
	doi = {10.1029/2006GC001333},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006GC001333},
	author = {Ferrini, V L and Fornari, D J and Shank, T M and Kinsey, J C and Tivey, M A and Soule, S A and Carbotte, S M and Whitcomb, L L and Yoerger, D R and Howland, J}
}
@article {Yoerger2007a,
	title = {{Techniques for deep sea near bottom survey using an autonomous underwater vehicle}},
	journal = {International Journal of Robotics Research},
	volume = {26},
	number = {1},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {41{\textendash}54},
	keywords = {AUV ABE (Autonomous Benthic Explorer)},
	issn = {0278-3649},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-540-48113-3_36},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-48113-3{\_}36},
	author = {Yoerger, D R and Jakuba, M V and Bradley, A M and Bingham, B}
}
@article {Johnson2006a,
	title = {{Migration, isolation, and speciation of hydrothermal vent limpets (Gastropoda ; Lepetodrilidae) across the Blanco Transform Fault}},
	journal = {Biological Bulletin},
	volume = {210},
	number = {2},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {140{\textendash}157},
	issn = {0006-3185},
	url = {http://www.biolbull.org/cgi/content/abstract/210/2/158},
	author = {Johnson, S B and Young, C R and Jones, W J and Waren, A and Vrijenhoek, R C}
}
@book {Yount2006,
	title = {{Modern marine science: Exploring the deep}},
	series = {Milestones in Discovery and Invention},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {223},
	publisher = {Chelsea House},
	organization = {Chelsea House},
	address = {New York, N.Y.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	isbn = {0816057478},
	author = {Yount, L}
}
@article {Pradillon2005a,
	title = {{Influence of environmental conditions on early development of the hydrothermal vent polychaete Alvinella pompejana}},
	journal = {Journal of Experimental Biology},
	volume = {208},
	number = {8},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {1551{\textendash}1561},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0022-0949},
	doi = {10.1242/jeb.01567},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.01567},
	author = {Pradillon, F and Le Bris, N and Shillito, B and Young, C M and Gaill, F}
}
@article {Vetriani2005,
	title = {{Mercury adaptation among bacteria from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent}},
	journal = {Applied and Environmental Microbiology},
	volume = {71},
	number = {1},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {220{\textendash}226},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0099-2240},
	doi = {10.1128/AEM.71.1.220-226.2005},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.71.1.220-226.2005},
	author = {Vetriani, C and Chew, Y S and Miller, S M and Yagi, J and Coombs, J and Lutz, T A and Barkay, T}
}
@article {Kelley2005a,
	title = {{A serpentinite-hosted ecosystem: The lost city hydrothermal field}},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {307},
	number = {5714},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {1428{\textendash}1434},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0036-8075},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1102556},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1102556},
	author = {Kelley, D S and Karson, J A and Fruh-Green, G L and Yoerger, D R and Shank, T M and Butterfield, D A and Hayes, J M and Schrenk, M O and Olson, E J and Proskurowski, G and Jakuba, M V and Bradley, A M and Larson, B I and Ludwig, K A and Glickson, D A and Buckman, K and Bradley, A S and Brazelton, W J and Roe, K and Elend, M J and Delacour, A and Bernasconi, S M and Lilley, M D and Baross, J A and Summons, R T and Sylva, S P}
}
@article {Hilario2005,
	title = {{Sperm storage, internal fertilization, and embryonic dispersal in vent and seep tubeworms (Polychaeta : Siboglinidae : Vestimentifera)}},
	journal = {Biological Bulletin},
	volume = {208},
	number = {1},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {20{\textendash}28},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0006-3185},
	url = {http://www.biolbull.org/cgi/content/abstract/208/1/20},
	author = {Hilario, A and Young, C M and Tyler, P A}
}
@article {Gallager2004,
	title = {{Contribution of fine-scale vertical structure and swimming behavior to formation of plankton layers on Georges Bank}},
	journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series},
	volume = {267},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {27{\textendash}43},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {0170-8630},
	doi = {10.3354/meps267027},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps267027},
	author = {Gallager, S M and Yamazaki, H and Davis, C S}
}
@inbook {Fornari2004,
	title = {{Submarine lava flow emplacement at the East Pacific Rise 9 degrees 50{\textquoteright}N: Implications for uppermost ocean crust stratigraphy and hydrothermal fluid circulation}},
	booktitle = {Mid-ocean ridges: hydrothermal interactions between the lithosphere and ocean},
	series = {Geophysical Monograph},
	number = {148},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {187{\textendash}217},
	publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
	organization = {American Geophysical Union},
	address = {Washington, D.C.},
	isbn = {0875904130},
	author = {Fornari, D J and Tivey, M A and Schouten, H and Perfit, M R and Yoerger, D R and Bradley, A M and Edwards, M H and Haymon, R and Schreirer, D S and Von Damm, K L and Shank, T M and Soule, A},
	editor = {German, C R}
}
@article {Davis2003,
	title = {{Deep-ocean temperature variations and implications for errors in seafloor heat flow determinations}},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
	volume = {108},
	number = {B1},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {Article no. 2034},
	issn = {0148-0227},
	doi = {10.1029/2001JB001695},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001JB001695},
	author = {Davis, E E and Wang, K and Becker, K and Thomson, R E and Yashayaev, I}
}
@article {Won2003b,
	title = {{Dispersal barriers and isolation among deep-sea mussel populations (Mytilidae: Bathymodiolus) from eastern Pacific hydrothermal vents}},
	journal = {Molecular Ecology},
	volume = {12},
	number = {1},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {169{\textendash}184},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0962-1083},
	doi = {10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003.01726.x},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003.01726.x},
	author = {Won, Y -J and Young, C R and Lutz, R A and Vrijenhoek, R C}
}
@article {Shah2003,
	title = {{Episodic dike swarms inferred from near-bottom magnetic anomaly maps at the southern East Pacific Rise}},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
	volume = {108},
	number = {B2},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {Article no. 2097},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0148-0227},
	doi = {10.1029/2001JB000564},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001JB000564},
	author = {Shah, A K and Cormier, M -H and Ryan, W B F and Jin, W and Carlut, J and Bergmanis, E C and Bradley, A M and Yoerger, D R}
}
@article {Cormier2003,
	title = {{Waxing and waning volcanism along the East Pacific Rise on the millennium time scale}},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {31},
	number = {7},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {633{\textendash}636},
	keywords = {AUV ABE (Autonomous Benthic Explorer), HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0091-7613},
	doi = {10.1130/0091-7613(2003)031<0633:WAWVAT>2.0.CO;2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2003)031{\%}3C0633:WAWVAT{\%}3E2.0.CO 2},
	author = {Cormier, M -H and Ryan, W B F and Shah, A K and Lin, W A and Bradley, A M and Yoerger, D R}
}
@article {Petitt2002,
	title = {{The Hawaii-2 Observatory}},
	journal = {IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering},
	volume = {27},
	number = {2},
	year = {2002},
	pages = {245{\textendash}253},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {0364-9059},
	doi = {10.1109/JOE.2002.1002479},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/JOE.2002.1002479},
	author = {Petitt, R A and Harris, D W and Wooding, B and Bailey, J and Jolly, J and Hobart, E and Chave, A D and Duennebier, F K and Butler, R and Bowen, A and Yoerger, D R}
}
@article {VanDover2001,
	title = {{Biogeography and ecological setting of Indian Ocean hydrothermal vents}},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {294},
	number = {5543},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {818{\textendash}823},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0036-8075},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1064574},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1064574},
	author = {Van Dover, C L and Humphris, S E and Fornari, D J and Cavanaugh, C M and Collier, R and Goffredi, S K and Hashimoto, J and Lilley, M D and Reysenbach, A -L and Shank, T M and Von Damm, K L and Banta, A and Gallant, R M and Gotz, D and Green, D and Hall, J and Harmer, T L and Hurtado, L A and Johnson, P and McKiness, Z P and Meredith, C and Olson, E J and Pan, I L and Turnipseed, M and Won, Y -J and Young, C R and Vrijenhoek, R C}
}
@article {Kelley2001,
	title = {{Geology and venting characteristics of the Mothra hydrothermal field, Endeavour segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge}},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {29},
	number = {10},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {959{\textendash}962},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle), ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {0091-7613},
	doi = {10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0959:GAVCOT>2.0.CO;2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029{\%}3C0959:GAVCOT{\%}3E2.0.CO 2},
	author = {Kelley, D S and Delaney, J R and Yoerger, D R}
}
@article {Marsh2001,
	title = {{Larval dispersal potential of the tubeworm Riftia pachyptila at deep-sea hydrothermal vents}},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {411},
	number = {6833},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {77{\textendash}80},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0028-0836},
	doi = {10.1038/35075063},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35075063},
	author = {Marsh, A G and Mullineaux, L S and Young, C M and Manahan, D T}
}
@inbook {Singh2000b,
	title = {{Advances in fusion of high resolution underwater optical and acoustic data}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2000 International Symposium on Underwater Technology, Tokyo, Japan, May 23-26, 2000},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {206{\textendash}211},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	address = {Piscatway, N.J.},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	isbn = {0-7803-6378-7},
	doi = {10.1109/UT.2000.852544},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/UT.2000.852544},
	author = {Singh, H and Roman, C and Whitcomb, L and Yoerger, D R}
}
@inbook {Whitcomb2000,
	title = {{Advances in underwater robot vehicles for deep ocean exploration: Navigation, control, and survey operations}},
	booktitle = {Robotics research: the Ninth International Symposium},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {1{\textendash}9},
	publisher = {Springer},
	organization = {Springer},
	address = {New York},
	keywords = {ROV Argo (Remotely Operated Vehicle), ROV DSL-120 (Remotely Operated Vehicle), ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	isbn = {1-85233-292-1},
	author = {Whitcomb, L and Yoerger, D R and Singh, H and Howland, J},
	editor = {Hollerbach, J M}
}
@article {Yang2000,
	title = {{Controlled source time-domain electromagnetic methods for seafloor electric conductivity mapping}},
	journal = {Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China},
	volume = {10},
	number = {2},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {270{\textendash}274},
	issn = {1003-6326},
	author = {Yang, J -W and Edwards, R N}
}
@article {Ballard2000a,
	title = {{The discovery of ancient history in the deep sea using advanced deep submergence technology}},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
	volume = {47},
	number = {9},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {1591{\textendash}1620},
	keywords = {ROV Argo (Remotely Operated Vehicle), ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {0967-0637},
	doi = {10.1016/S0967-0637(99)00117-X},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0637(99)00117-X},
	author = {Ballard, R D and McCann, A M and Yoerger, D R and Whitcomb, L and Mindell, D and Oleson, J and Singh, H and Foley, B and Adams, J and Piechota, D and Giangrande, C}
}
@inbook {Yoerger2000,
	title = {{Fine-scale seafloor survey in rugged deep-ocean terrain with an autonomous robot}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings: 2000 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation April 24-28, 2000, San Francisco Hilton Hotel, San Francisco, California},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {1787{\textendash}1792},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	address = {Piscataway, N.J.},
	isbn = {0-7803-5886-4},
	doi = {10.1109/ROBOT.2000.844854},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ROBOT.2000.844854},
	author = {Yoerger, D R}
}
@article {Yoerger2000a,
	title = {{Fine-scale three-dimensional mapping of a deep-sea hydrothermal vent site using the Jason ROV system}},
	journal = {International Journal of Robotics Research},
	volume = {19},
	number = {11},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {1000{\textendash}1014},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {0278-3649},
	doi = {10.1177/02783640022067931},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02783640022067931},
	author = {Yoerger, D R}
}
@article {Butler2000,
	title = {{Hawaii-2 Observatory pioneers opportunities for remote instrumentation in ocean studies}},
	journal = {EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
	volume = {81},
	number = {15},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {157,162{\textendash}163},
	issn = {0096-3941},
	doi = {10.1029/00EO00105},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/00EO00105},
	author = {Butler, R and Chave, A D and Duennebier, F K and Yoerger, D R and Petitt, R and Harris, D and Wooding, F B and Bowen, A D and Bailey, J and Jolly, J and Hobart, E and Hildebrand, J A and Dodeman, A H}
}
@article {Singh2000,
	title = {{Microbathymetric mapping from underwater vehicles in the deep ocean}},
	journal = {Computer Vision and Image Understanding},
	volume = {79},
	number = {1},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {143{\textendash}161},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {1077-3142},
	doi = {10.1006/cviu.2000.0850},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/cviu.2000.0850},
	author = {Singh, H and Whitcomb, L and Yoerger, D R and Pizarro, O}
}
@article {Tsuchida2000,
	title = {{Preliminary report of a biological, geological, and geochemical survey on hydrothermalism at the Hotoma and Minna Knolls SF sub(6) tracer experiment to observe the behavior of hydrothermal plume at South East Pacific Rise}},
	journal = {JAMSTEC Journal of Deep Sea Research},
	number = {17},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {35{\textendash}42},
	issn = {1340-7848},
	url = {http://docsrv.godac.jp/MSV2{\_}DATA/23/17{\_}06.pdf},
	author = {Tsuchida, S and Watanabe, K and Ishibashi, J and Miyake, H and Watabe, H and Yamaguchi, T and Kitajima, T and Nakano, A and Matsumura, M and Watanabe, H and Tsumune, D and Shitashima, K and Okamura, K and Urabe, T and Nakamura, K and Fujimoto, H and Mitsuzawa, K}
}
@article {Mitsuzawa2000,
	title = {{Preliminary report of Deep-Tow/Yokosuka Cruise at hydrothermal areas in the Mid and Southern Mariana}},
	journal = {JAMSTEC Journal of Deep Sea Research},
	number = {17},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {73{\textendash}87},
	issn = {1340-7848},
	url = {http://docsrv.godac.jp/MSV2{\_}DATA/23/17{\_}10.pdf},
	author = {Mitsuzawa, K and Masuda, H and Seama, N and Hasegawa, Y and Miyamoto, M and Togashi, N and So, A and Yamanobe, H}
}
@article {Glasby2000,
	title = {{Submarine hydrothermal mineralization on the Izu-Bonin Arc, south of Japan: an overview}},
	journal = {Marine Georesources {\&} Geotechnology},
	volume = {18},
	number = {2},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {141{\textendash}176},
	issn = {1064-119X},
	doi = {10.1080/10641190009353785},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10641190009353785},
	author = {Glasby, G P and Izasa, K and Yuasa, M and Usui, A}
}
@article {Yanagibayashi1999,
	title = {{Changes in bacterial community in Japan Trench sediment during cultivation without decompression}},
	journal = {JAMSTEC Journal of Deep Sea Research},
	number = {14},
	year = {1999},
	pages = {553{\textendash}560},
	issn = {1340-7848},
	url = {http://docsrv.godac.jp/MSV2{\_}DATA/23/14{\_}47.pdf},
	author = {Yanagibayashi, M and Kato, C and Li, L and Nogi, Y and Inada, T and Taira, K and Kikuma, T and Suzuki, K and Horikoshi, K}
}
@article {Kinoshita1999,
	title = {{Detailed mapping of a hydrothermal field using navigation and visual data of submersible Shinkai 6500}},
	journal = {JAMSTEC Journal of Deep Sea Research},
	number = {14},
	year = {1999},
	pages = {661{\textendash}669},
	issn = {1340-7848},
	url = {http://docsrv.godac.jp/MSV2{\_}DATA/23/14{\_}57.pdf},
	author = {Kinoshita, M and Ytow, N and Akashi, A and Takekawa, K}
}
@article {Whitcomb1999a,
	title = {{Development, comparison and preliminary experimental validation of nonlinear dyanmic thruster models}},
	journal = {IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering},
	volume = {24},
	number = {4},
	year = {1999},
	pages = {481{\textendash}494},
	issn = {0364-9059},
	doi = {10.1109/48.809270},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/48.809270},
	author = {Whitcomb, L L and Yoerger, D R}
}
@article {Whitcomb1999,
	title = {{Preliminary experiments in model-based thruster control for underwater vehicle positioning}},
	journal = {IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering},
	volume = {24},
	number = {4},
	year = {1999},
	pages = {495{\textendash}506},
	issn = {0364-9059},
	doi = {10.1109/48.809273},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/48.809273},
	author = {Whitcomb, L L and Yoerger, D R}
}
@inbook {Singh1999,
	title = {{Quantitative stereo imaging from the Autonomous Benthic Explorer (ABE)}},
	booktitle = {Oceans {\textquoteright}99 MTS/IEEE: Riding the crest into the 21st century},
	volume = {1},
	year = {1999},
	pages = {52{\textendash}57},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	address = {Piscataway, N.J.},
	keywords = {AUV ABE (Autonomous Benthic Explorer)},
	isbn = {0-7803-5629-2},
	doi = {10.1109/OCEANS.1999.799706},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1999.799706},
	author = {Singh, H and Weyer, F and Howland, J and Duester, A and Yoerger, D R and Bradley, A}
}
@article {Hirano1999,
	title = {{Temporal changes of cracks in the oceanward slope of northern Japan Trench off Sanriku: Six-year observation by submersibles}},
	journal = {JAMSTEC Journal of Deep Sea Research},
	number = {14},
	year = {1999},
	pages = {445{\textendash}454},
	issn = {1340-7848},
	url = {http://docsrv.godac.jp/MSV2{\_}DATA/23/14{\_}36.pdf},
	author = {Hirano, S and Ogawa, Y and Yujiro, F and Fujioka, K and Kawamura, K}
}
@inbook {Vetriani1998,
	title = {{Improving enzyme thermostability: The Thermococcus litoralis glutamate dehydrogenase model}},
	booktitle = {New developments in marine biotechnology},
	year = {1998},
	pages = {221{\textendash}225},
	publisher = {Plenum Press},
	organization = {Plenum Press},
	address = {New York},
	isbn = {0306459078},
	author = {Vetriani, C and Maeder, D L and Tolliday, N and Klump, H H and Yip, K S P and Rice, D W and Robb, F T},
	editor = {Le Gal, Y}
}
@article {Smith1998a,
	title = {{Sediment community structure around a whale skeleton in the deep Northeast Pacific: Macrofaunal, microbial and bioturbation effects}},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
	volume = {45},
	number = {1-3},
	year = {1998},
	pages = {335{\textendash}364},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0967-0645},
	doi = {10.1016/S0967-0645(97)00043-X},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(97)00043-X},
	author = {Smith, C R and Maybaum, H L and Baco, A R and Pope, R H and Carpenter, S D and Yager, P L and Macko, S A and Deming, J W}
}
@article {Yoerger1998,
	title = {{Surveying a subsea lava flow using the Autonomous Benthic Explorer (ABE)}},
	journal = {International Journal of Systems Science},
	volume = {29},
	number = {10},
	year = {1998},
	pages = {1031{\textendash}1044},
	keywords = {AUV ABE (Autonomous Benthic Explorer)},
	issn = {0020-7721},
	doi = {10.1080/00207729808929596},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207729808929596},
	author = {Yoerger, D R and Bradley, A M and Walden, M B and Singh, H and Bachmayer, R}
}
@article {Sayers1998,
	title = {{Teleprogramming for subsea teleoperation using acoustic communication}},
	journal = {IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering},
	volume = {23},
	number = {1},
	year = {1998},
	pages = {60{\textendash}71},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {0364-9059},
	doi = {10.1109/48.659450},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/48.659450},
	author = {Sayers, C P and Paul, R P and Whitcomb, L L and Yoerger, D R}
}
@article {Tivey1998a,
	title = {{Thickness of a submarine lava flow determined from near-bottom magnetic field mapping by autonomous underwater vehicle}},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {25},
	number = {6},
	year = {1998},
	pages = {805{\textendash}808},
	keywords = {AUV ABE (Autonomous Benthic Explorer)},
	issn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1029/98GL00442},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/98GL00442},
	author = {Tivey, M A and Johnson, P H and Bradley, A and Yoerger, D R}
}
@inbook {Snow1997,
	title = {{Devising a misalignment tolerant subsea grasping system}},
	booktitle = {Oceans {\textquoteright}97 MTS/IEEE : conference proceedings : 6-9 October 1997, World Trade and Convention Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada},
	volume = {2},
	year = {1997},
	pages = {1222{\textendash}1229},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	address = {Piscataway, N.J.},
	isbn = {0-7803-4108-2},
	doi = {10.1109/OCEANS.1997.624170},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1997.624170},
	author = {Snow, E R and Yoerger, D R}
}
@inbook {Wooding1997,
	title = {{Mechanical design and deployment of the Hawaii-2 Observatory}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of International Workshop on Scientific Use of Submarine Cables: Marine geophysical research using undersea cables},
	year = {1997},
	pages = {172{\textendash}174},
	publisher = {Japan Print Center},
	organization = {Japan Print Center},
	author = {Wooding, F B and Bowen, A D and Yoerger, D R and Chave, A D and Dodeman, A H}
}
@article {Zuleger1996,
	title = {{Institial water chemistry of sediments of the Costa Rica accretionary complex off the Nicoya Peninsula}},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {23},
	number = {8},
	year = {1996},
	pages = {899{\textendash}902},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1029/96GL00386},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/96GL00386},
	author = {Zuleger, E and Gieskes, J M and You, C F}
}
@inbook {Whitcomb1995,
	title = {{Comparative experiments in the dynamics and model-based control of marine thrusters}},
	booktitle = {Oceans {\textquoteright}95 : "Challenges of our changing global environment" : conference proceedings, October 9-12, 1995, San Diego, California},
	volume = {2},
	year = {1995},
	pages = {1019{\textendash}1028},
	publisher = {Oceans {\textquoteright}95 MTS/IEEE Conference Committee},
	organization = {Oceans {\textquoteright}95 MTS/IEEE Conference Committee},
	address = {San Diego, Calif.},
	isbn = {0-9339571-4-9},
	doi = {10.1109/OCEANS.1995.528561},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1995.528561},
	author = {Whitcomb, L L and Yoerger, D R}
}
@book {Zuleger1995,
	title = {{Sediment cores on the Costa Rica accretionary prism (Atlantis II cruise 131-10): pore water studies}},
	series = {SIO Reference},
	year = {1995},
	pages = {75 p.},
	publisher = {University of California, San Diego, Scripps Institution of Oceanography},
	organization = {University of California, San Diego, Scripps Institution of Oceanography},
	address = {La Jolla, Calif.},
	author = {Zuleger, E and Gieskes, J M and You, C F}
}
@inbook {Mullineaux1994,
	title = {{Implications of mesoscale flows for dispersal and retention of larvae in deep-sea habitats}},
	booktitle = {Reproduction, larval biology, and recruitment of the deep-sea benthos},
	year = {1994},
	pages = {201{\textendash}222},
	publisher = {Columbia University Press},
	organization = {Columbia University Press},
	address = {New York, N.Y.},
	isbn = {0-23-108004-2},
	author = {Mullineaux, L S},
	editor = {Young, C M}
}
@inbook {Hills1994,
	title = {{A nonlinear sliding mode autopilot for unmanned undersea vehicles}},
	booktitle = {Oceans {\textquoteright}94: Oceans Engineering for Today{\textquoteright}s Technology and Tomorrow{\textquoteright}s Preservation : Proceedings},
	volume = {3},
	year = {1994},
	pages = {93{\textendash}98},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	address = {New York},
	isbn = {0-7803-2057-3},
	doi = {10.1109/OCEANS.1994.364178},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1994.364178},
	author = {Hills, S J and Yoerger, D R}
}
@inbook {Garzke1993,
	title = {{Deep underwater exploration vehicles {\textendash} past, present and future}},
	booktitle = {Centennial meeting, technical sessions, September 15-17, 1992, the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers, the New York Hilton and Towers, New York, NY},
	year = {1993},
	pages = {15{\textendash}40},
	publisher = {Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers},
	organization = {Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers},
	address = {Jersey City, N.J.},
	keywords = {ROV Argo (Remotely Operated Vehicle), ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	author = {Garzke, W H and Yoerger, D R and Harris, S and Dulin, R O and Brown, D K}
}
@inbook {Morrison1993,
	title = {{Determination of the hydrodynamic parameters of an underwater vehicle during small scale nonuniform, 1-dimensional translation}},
	booktitle = {Oceans {\textquoteright}93: Engineering in harmony with the ocean: Proceedings},
	volume = {2},
	year = {1993},
	pages = {II277{\textendash}II282},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	address = {New York, N.Y.},
	isbn = {0-7803-1385-2},
	doi = {10.1109/OCEANS.1993.326105},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1993.326105},
	author = {Morrison, A T and Yoerger, D R}
}
@inbook {Mindell1993,
	title = {{Jason talk: a standard ROV vehicle control system}},
	booktitle = {Oceans {\textquoteright}93: Engineering in harmony with the ocean: Proceedings},
	volume = {3},
	year = {1993},
	pages = {III253{\textendash}III258},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	address = {New York, N.Y.},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	isbn = {0-7803-1385-2},
	author = {Mindell, D A and Yoerger, D R and Freitag, L E and Whitcomb, L L and Eastwood, R L}
}
@article {Stewart1993,
	title = {{Multiscale, multisensor survey of mid-ocean ridges}},
	journal = {EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
	volume = {74},
	number = {43 (Fall Meet. Suppl.)},
	year = {1993},
	pages = {561},
	issn = {0096-3941},
	author = {Stewart, W K and Ballard, R D and Yoerger, D R}
}
@inbook {Whitcomb1993,
	title = {{A new distributed real-time control system for the Jason underwater robot}},
	booktitle = {IROS {\textquoteright}93: Proceedings of the IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems: Intelligent Robots for Flexibility},
	volume = {1},
	year = {1993},
	pages = {368{\textendash}374},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	address = {New York, N.Y.},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	isbn = {0-7803-0824-7},
	doi = {10.1109/IROS.1993.583124},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/IROS.1993.583124},
	author = {Whitcomb, L L and Yoerger, D R}
}
@article {Schempf1993,
	title = {{Study of dominant performance characteristics in robot transmissions}},
	journal = {Journal of Mechanical Design},
	volume = {115},
	number = {3},
	year = {1993},
	pages = {472{\textendash}482},
	issn = {1050-0472},
	author = {Schempf, H and Yoerger, D R}
}
@article {McMurty1993,
	title = {{Unusual geochemistry of hydrothermal vents on submarine arc volcanoes: Kasuga Seamounts, Northern Mariana Arc}},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {114},
	number = {4},
	year = {1993},
	pages = {517{\textendash}528},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0012-821X},
	doi = {10.1016/0012-821X(93)90080-S},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(93)90080-S},
	author = {McMurty, G M and Sedwick, P N and Fryer, P and VonderHaar, D L and Yeh, H W}
}
@article {Hey1992,
	title = {{Alvin investigation of an active propagating rift system, Galapagos 95.5 degrees west}},
	journal = {Marine Geophysical Researches},
	volume = {14},
	number = {3},
	year = {1992},
	pages = {207{\textendash}226},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0025-3235},
	doi = {10.1007/BF01270630},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01270630},
	author = {Hey, R N and Sinton, J M and Kleinrock, M C and Yonover, R N and Macdonald, K C and Miller, S P and Searle, R C and Christie, D M and Atwater, T M and Sleep, N H and Johnson, H P and Neal, C A}
}
@article {Yoerger1992,
	title = {{Autonomous benthic explorer - deep ocean scientific AUV for seafloor exploration: untethered, on station one year without support ship}},
	journal = {Sea Technology},
	volume = {33},
	number = {1},
	year = {1992},
	pages = {50{\textendash}54},
	keywords = {AUV ABE (Autonomous Benthic Explorer)},
	issn = {0093-3651},
	author = {Yoerger, D R and Bradley, A M and Walden, B B}
}
@inbook {Hover1992,
	title = {{Full-scale experiments in open-loop positioning of a deep towfish}},
	booktitle = {Oceans {\textquoteright}92: Mastering the oceans through technology: Proceedings},
	volume = {2},
	year = {1992},
	pages = {906{\textendash}911},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	address = {New York, N.Y.},
	isbn = {0-7803-0838-7},
	doi = {10.1109/OCEANS.1992.607705},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1992.607705},
	author = {Hover, F S and Yoerger, D R}
}
@article {Hover1992a,
	title = {{Identification of low-order dynamic models for deeply towed underwater vehicle systems}},
	journal = {International Journal of Offshore and Polar Engineering},
	volume = {2},
	number = {1},
	year = {1992},
	pages = {38{\textendash}45},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle), ROV Medea (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {1053-5381},
	author = {Hover, F S and Yoerger, D R}
}
@inbook {Yoerger1992a,
	title = {{Precise navigation and control of an ROV at 2200 meters depth}},
	booktitle = {Intervention/ROV {\textquoteright}92 conference {\&} exposition},
	year = {1992},
	pages = {277{\textendash}281},
	publisher = {Intervention/ROV 92 Committee of the Marine Technology Society},
	organization = {Intervention/ROV 92 Committee of the Marine Technology Society},
	address = {San Diego, Calif.},
	author = {Yoerger, D R and Mindell, D A}
}
@inbook {Yoerger1991c,
	title = {{Adaptive sliding control of an experimental underwater vehicle}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings: 1991 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, April 9-11, 1991, Sacramento, Calif.},
	volume = {3},
	year = {1991},
	pages = {2746{\textendash}2751},
	publisher = {IEEE Computer Society Press},
	organization = {IEEE Computer Society Press},
	address = {Los Alamitos, Calif.},
	isbn = {0-8186-2163-X},
	doi = {10.1109/ROBOT.1991.132047},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ROBOT.1991.132047},
	author = {Yoerger, D R and Slotine, J E}
}
@inbook {Ballard1991,
	title = {{Argo/Jason: A remotely operated survey and sampling system for full-ocean depth}},
	booktitle = {Oceans {\textquoteright}91: Proceedings, October 1-3, 1991, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA : Ocean Technologies and Opportunities in the Pacific for the 90{\textquoteright}s},
	volume = {1},
	year = {1991},
	pages = {71{\textendash}75},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	address = {New York},
	keywords = {ROV Argo (Remotely Operated Vehicle), ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	isbn = {0-7803-0202-8},
	doi = {10.1109/OCEANS.1991.613909},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1991.613909},
	author = {Ballard, R D and Yoerger, D R and Stewart, W K and Bowen, A}
}
@article {Yoerger1991,
	title = {{Design and performance evaluation of an actively compliant underwater manipulator for full-ocean depth}},
	journal = {Journal of Robotic Systems},
	volume = {8},
	number = {3},
	year = {1991},
	pages = {371{\textendash}392},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {0741-2223},
	doi = {10.1002/rob.4620080306},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rob.4620080306},
	author = {Yoerger, D R and Schempf, H and DiPietro, D M}
}
@inbook {Ulrich1991a,
	title = {{Design optimization of an electric underwater manipulator}},
	booktitle = {Intervention/ROV {\textquoteright}91 Conference {\&} Exposition: May 21-23, 1991, Diplomat Resort and Convention Center, Hollywood, Florida},
	year = {1991},
	pages = {219{\textendash}228},
	publisher = {Marine Technology Society ROV Committee},
	organization = {Marine Technology Society ROV Committee},
	address = {San Diego, Calif.},
	author = {Ulrich, N and Yoerger, D R}
}
@article {Grosenbaugh1991,
	title = {{Drag forces and flow-induced vibrations of a long vertical tow cable - Part II: Unsteady towing conditions}},
	journal = {Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering},
	volume = {113},
	number = {3},
	year = {1991},
	pages = {199{\textendash}204},
	issn = {0892-7219},
	doi = {10.1115/1.2919920},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2919920},
	author = {Grosenbaugh, M A and Yoerger, D R and Hover, F S and Triantafyllou, M S}
}
@article {Yoerger1991b,
	title = {{Drag forces and flow-induced vibrations of a long vertical tow cable - Part I: Steady-state towing conditions}},
	journal = {Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering},
	volume = {113},
	number = {3},
	year = {1991},
	pages = {117{\textendash}127},
	issn = {0892-7219},
	doi = {10.1115/1.2919907},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2919907},
	author = {Yoerger, D R and Grosenbaugh, M A and Triantafyllou, M S and Burgess, J J}
}
@inbook {Hover1991,
	title = {{Identification of parametric dynamic models for deeply-towed underwater vehicle systems}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the First (1991) International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference},
	volume = {2},
	year = {1991},
	pages = {97{\textendash}105},
	publisher = {International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers (ISOPE)},
	organization = {International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers (ISOPE)},
	address = {Golden, Colo.},
	isbn = {0-962610-45-3},
	author = {Hover, F and Yoerger, D R and Triantafyllou, M}
}
@article {Yoerger1991a,
	title = {{Robotic undersea technology}},
	journal = {Oceanus},
	volume = {34},
	number = {1},
	year = {1991},
	pages = {32{\textendash}37},
	keywords = {AUV ABE (Autonomous Benthic Explorer), ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle), ROV Medea (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {0029-8182},
	author = {Yoerger, D R}
}
@inbook {Mindell1991,
	title = {{Transputer-based distributed processing for underwater robotic vehicle control}},
	booktitle = {1991 American Control Conference Proceedings. Boston, June 26-28, 1991},
	volume = {1},
	year = {1991},
	pages = {389{\textendash}397},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	address = {New York},
	isbn = {0-8794-2565-2},
	author = {Mindell, D A and Yoerger, D R}
}
@inbook {Yoerger1990b,
	title = {{The application of supervisory control to underwater telerobots}},
	booktitle = {Robotics, Control, and Society: Essays in Honor of Thomas B. Sheridan},
	year = {1990},
	pages = {48{\textendash}59},
	publisher = {Taylor and Francis},
	organization = {Taylor and Francis},
	address = {New York},
	isbn = {0-8506-6850-6},
	author = {Yoerger, D R},
	editor = {Moray, N}
}
@inbook {Yoerger1990,
	title = {{Control capabilities of Jason and its manipulator}},
	booktitle = {Subsea Work Systems and Technologies},
	series = {Ocean Resources},
	number = {2},
	year = {1990},
	pages = {19{\textendash}29},
	publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers.},
	organization = {Kluwer Academic Publishers.},
	address = {Boston},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	isbn = {0-7923-0953-7},
	author = {Yoerger, D R and DiPietro, D M},
	editor = {Ardus, D A}
}
@article {Yoerger1990a,
	title = {{The influence of thruster dynamics on underwater behavior and their incorporation into control system design}},
	journal = {IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering},
	volume = {15},
	number = {3},
	year = {1990},
	pages = {167{\textendash}178},
	issn = {0364-9059},
	doi = {10.1109/48.107145},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/48.107145},
	author = {Yoerger, D R and Cooke, J G and Slotine, J E}
}
@inbook {Yoerger1989,
	title = {{Control of remotely operated vehicles for precise survey}},
	booktitle = {Intervention {\textquoteright}89 conference and exposition},
	year = {1989},
	pages = {123{\textendash}127},
	publisher = {Marine Technology Society},
	organization = {Marine Technology Society},
	address = {San Diego, Calif.},
	author = {Yoerger, D R and Newman, J B}
}
@inbook {Yoerger1988,
	title = {{Design and control of Jason}},
	booktitle = {Intervention {\textquoteright}88, April 17-20: Underwater Technology Conference, 1988},
	year = {1988},
	pages = {541{\textendash}553},
	publisher = {Det norske Veritas},
	organization = {Det norske Veritas},
	address = {Bergen, Norway},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	isbn = {8299113423},
	author = {Yoerger, D R and von Alt, C and Newman, J B and Bowen, A and Hersey, W J},
	editor = {Atteraas, L}
}
@inbook {Yoerger1988a,
	title = {{An experimental investigation of the quasi-statics and dynamics of a long vertical tow cable}},
	booktitle = {OMAE 1988 Houston: Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering},
	volume = {1},
	year = {1988},
	pages = {489{\textendash}495},
	publisher = {American Society of Mechanical Engineers},
	organization = {American Society of Mechanical Engineers},
	address = {New York},
	author = {Yoerger, D R and Grosenbaugh, M A and Triantafyllou, M S and Engebretsen, K and Burgess, J},
	editor = {Chung, J S}
}
@inbook {Triantafyllou1988,
	title = {{A full-scale experiment and theoretical study of the dynamics of underwater vehicles employing very long tethers}},
	booktitle = {BOSS {\textquoteright}88 : proceedings of the International Conference on Behavior of Offshore Structures, Trondheim, Norway, June 1988},
	volume = {2},
	year = {1988},
	pages = {549{\textendash}563},
	publisher = {Tapir Publishers},
	organization = {Tapir Publishers},
	address = {Trondheim, Norway},
	isbn = {8251908558},
	author = {Triantafyllou, M S and Engebretsen, K and Burgess, J J and Yoerger, D R and Grosenbaugh, M A},
	editor = {Moan, T}
}
@article {Slotine1987,
	title = {{An inverse kinematic algorthim for manipulators with redundant degrees of freedom}},
	journal = {International Journal of Robotics and Automation},
	volume = {2},
	number = {2},
	year = {1987},
	pages = {86{\textendash}89},
	issn = {0826-8185},
	author = {Slotine, J J E and Yoerger, D R}
}
@inbook {Yoerger1986,
	title = {{Design of underwater vehicles for high performance control}},
	booktitle = {Oceans {\textquoteright}86 Conference Record},
	volume = {5},
	year = {1986},
	pages = {1431{\textendash}1437},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	address = {New York, N.Y.},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	doi = {10.1109/OCEANS.1986.1160335},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1986.1160335},
	author = {Yoerger, D R and von Alt, C J and Bowen, A D and Newman, J B}
}
@article {Yoerger1986a,
	title = {{Supervisory control system for the Jason ROV}},
	journal = {IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering},
	volume = {11},
	number = {3},
	year = {1986},
	pages = {392{\textendash}400},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {0364-9059},
	doi = {10.1109/JOE.1986.1145191},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/JOE.1986.1145191},
	author = {Yoerger, D R and Newman, J B and Slotine, J E}
}
@inbook {Yoerger1985,
	title = {{Demonstration of closed-loop trajectory control of an underwater vehicle}},
	booktitle = {Oceans {\textquoteright}85 Conference Record : Ocean Engineering and the Environment},
	volume = {2},
	year = {1985},
	pages = {1028{\textendash}1033},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	address = {New York, N.Y.},
	doi = {10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160174},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160174},
	author = {Yoerger, D R and Newman, J B}
}
@article {Yoerger1985a,
	title = {{Robust trajectory control of underwater vehicles}},
	journal = {IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering},
	volume = {10},
	number = {4},
	year = {1985},
	pages = {462{\textendash}470},
	issn = {0364-9059},
	doi = {10.1109/JOE.1985.1145131},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/JOE.1985.1145131},
	author = {Yoerger, D R and Slotine, J E}
}
@inbook {Yoerger1984,
	title = {{Man-machine inferface and control concepts for the Jason program}},
	booktitle = {Remotely Operated Vehicles: ROV {\textquoteright}84 Technology Update, an International Perspective : May 14-18, 1984, Town and Country Hotel, San Diego, California},
	year = {1984},
	pages = {227{\textendash}232},
	publisher = {Marine Technology Society},
	organization = {Marine Technology Society},
	address = {San Diego, Calif.},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	author = {Yoerger, D R}
}
