@article {Lin2016,
	title = {{Linkages between mineralogy, fluid chemistry, and microbial communities within hydrothermal chimneys from the Endeavour Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge}},
	journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
	volume = {17},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {300{\textendash}323},
	abstract = {Rock and fluid samples were collected from three hydrothermal chimneys at the Endeavour Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge to evaluate linkages among mineralogy, fluid chemistry, and microbial community composition within the chimneys. M{\"o}ssbauer, midinfrared thermal emission, and visible-near infrared spectroscopies were utilized for the first time to characterize vent mineralogy, in addition to thin-section petrography, X-ray diffraction, and elemental analyses. A 282{\textdegree}C venting chimney from the Bastille edifice was composed primarily of sulfide minerals such as chalcopyrite, marcasite, and sphalerite. In contrast, samples from a 300{\textdegree}C venting chimney from the Dante edifice and a 321{\textdegree}C venting chimney from the Hot Harold edifice contained a high abundance of the sulfate mineral anhydrite. Geochemical modeling of mixed vent fluids suggested the oxic-anoxic transition zone was above 100{\textdegree}C at all three vents, and that the thermodynamic energy available for autotrophic microbial redox reactions favored aerobic sulfide and methane oxidation. As predicted, microbes within the Dante and Hot Harold chimneys were most closely related to mesophilic and thermophilic aerobes of the Betaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria and sulfide-oxidizing autotrophic Epsilonproteobacteria. However, most of the microbes within the Bastille chimney were most closely related to mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobes of the Deltaproteobacteria, especially sulfate reducers, and anaerobic hyperthermophilic archaea. The predominance of anaerobes in the Bastille chimney indicated that other environmental factors promote anoxic conditions. Possibilities include the maturity or fluid flow characteristics of the chimney, abiotic Fe2+ and S2- oxidation in the vent fluids, or O2 depletion by aerobic respiration on the chimney outer wall.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	doi = {10.1002/2015GC006091},
	author = {Lin, T J and Ver Eecke, H C and Breves, E A and Dyar, M D and Jamieson, J W and Hannington, M D and Dahle, H and Bishop, J L and Lane, M D and Butterfield, D A and Kelley, D S and Lilley, M D and Baross, J A and Holden, J F}
}
@article {Jamieson2013,
	title = {{Sulfide geochronology along the Endeavour Segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge}},
	journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
	volume = {14},
	number = {7},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {2084{\textendash}2099},
	abstract = {Forty-nine hydrothermal sulfide-sulfate rock samples from the Endeavour Segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge, northeastern Pacific Ocean, were dated by measuring the decay of 226Ra (half-life of 1600 years) in hydrothermal barite to provide a history of hydrothermal venting at the site over the past 6000 years. This dating method is effective for samples ranging in age from \~{}200 to 20,000 years old and effectively bridges an age gap between shorter- and longer-lived U-series dating techniques for hydrothermal deposits. Results show that hydrothermal venting at the active High Rise, Sasquatch, and Main Endeavour fields began at least 850, 1450, and 2300 years ago, respectively. Barite ages of other inactive deposits on the axial valley floor are between \~{}1200 and \~{}2200 years old, indicating past widespread hydrothermal venting outside of the currently active vent fields. Samples from the half-graben on the eastern slope of the axial valley range in age from \~{}1700 to \~{}2925 years, and a single sample from outside the axial valley, near the westernmost valley fault scarp is \~{}5850 {\textpm} 205 years old. The spatial relationship between hydrothermal venting and normal faulting suggests a temporal relationship, with progressive younging of sulfide deposits from the edges of the axial valley toward the center of the rift. These relationships are consistent with the inward migration of normal faulting toward the center of the valley over time and a minimum age of onset of hydrothermal activity in this region of 5850 years.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	doi = {10.1002/ggge.20133},
	author = {Jamieson, J W and Hannington, M D and Clague, D A and Kelley, D S and Delaney, J R and Holden, J F and Tivey, M K and Kimpe, L E}
}
@article {VerEecke2009,
	title = {{Abundances of hyperthermophilic autotrophic Fe(III) oxide reducers and heterotrophs in deep-sea hydrothermal sulfide chimneys of the northeastern Pacific Ocean.}},
	journal = {Applied and Environmental Microbiology},
	volume = {75},
	number = {1},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {242{\textendash}245},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0099-2240},
	doi = {10.1128/AEM.01462-08},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01462-08},
	author = {Ver Eecke, H C and Kelley, D S and Holden, J F}
}
@article {Holden2001,
	title = {{Diversity among three novel groups of hyperthermophilic deep-sea Thermococcus species from three sites in the northeastern Pacific Ocean}},
	journal = {FEMS Microbiology Ecology},
	volume = {36},
	number = {1},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {51{\textendash}60},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0168-6496},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1574-6941.2001.tb00825.x},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2001.tb00825.x},
	author = {Holden, J F and Takai, K and Summit, M and Bolton, S A and Zyskowski, J and Baross, J A}
}
@article {Holden1998,
	title = {{Thermophilic and hyperthermophilic microorganisms in 3{\textendash}30{\textdegree}C hydrothermal fluids following a deep-sea volcanic eruption}},
	journal = {FEMS Microbiology Ecology},
	volume = {25},
	number = {1},
	year = {1998},
	pages = {33{\textendash}41},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0168-6496},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1574-6941.1998.tb00458.x},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.1998.tb00458.x},
	author = {Holden, J F and Summit, M and Baross, J A}
}
@article {Tunnicliffe1997,
	title = {{Biological colonization of new hydrothermal vents following an eruption on Juan de Fuca Ridge}},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
	volume = {44},
	number = {9-10},
	year = {1997},
	pages = {1627{\textendash}1644},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0967-0637},
	doi = {10.1016/S0967-0637(97)00041-1},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0637(97)00041-1},
	author = {Tunnicliffe, V and Embley, R W and Holden, J F and Butterfield, D A and Massoth, G J and Juniper, S K}
}
@article {Butterfield1997,
	title = {{Seafloor eruptions and evolution of hydrothermal fluid chemistry}},
	journal = {Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences},
	volume = {355},
	number = {1723},
	year = {1997},
	pages = {369{\textendash}386},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {1364-503X},
	doi = {10.1098/rsta.1997.0013},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1997.0013},
	author = {Butterfield, D A and Jonasson, I R and Massoth, G J and Feely, R A and Roe, K K and Embley, R E and Holden, J F and McDuff, R E and Lilley, M D and Delaney, J R}
}
