@article {Connelly2012,
	title = {{Hydrothermal vent fields and chemosynthetic biota on the world{\textquoteright}s deepest seafloor spreading centre}},
	journal = {Nature Communications},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2012},
	month = {jan},
	pages = {620},
	abstract = {The Mid-Cayman spreading centre is an ultraslow-spreading ridge in the Caribbean Sea. Its extreme depth and geographic isolation from other mid-ocean ridges offer insights into the effects of pressure on hydrothermal venting, and the biogeography of vent fauna. Here we report the discovery of two hydrothermal vent fields on the Mid-Cayman spreading centre. The Von Damm Vent Field is located on the upper slopes of an oceanic core complex at a depth of 2,300 m. High-temperature venting in this off-axis setting suggests that the global incidence of vent fields may be underestimated. At a depth of 4,960 m on the Mid-Cayman spreading centre axis, the Beebe Vent Field emits copper-enriched fluids and a buoyant plume that rises 1,100 m, consistent with {\textgreater}400 degrees C venting from the world{\textquoteright}s deepest known hydrothermal system. At both sites, a new morphospecies of alvinocaridid shrimp dominates faunal assemblages, which exhibit similarities to those of Mid-Atlantic vents.},
	issn = {2041-1723},
	doi = {10.1038/ncomms1636},
	author = {Connelly, D P and Copley, J T and Murton, B J and Stansfield, K and Tyler, P A and German, C R and Van Dover, C L and Amon, D and Furlong, M and Grindlay, N and Hayman, N and Huehnerbach, V and Judge, M and Le Bas, Tim and McPhail, S and Meier, A and Nakamura, K I and Nye, Verity and Pebody, M and Pedersen, R B and Plouviez, S and Sands, Carla and Searle, R C and Stevenson, P and Taws, Sarah and Wilcox, S}
}
@inbook {Baker2010,
	title = {{Biogeography, Ecology and Vulnerability of Chemosynthetic Ecosystems in the Deep Sea}},
	booktitle = {Life in the World{\textquoteright}s Oceans: Diversity, Distribution, and Abundance},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {161{\textendash}182},
	publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
	organization = {Wiley-Blackwell},
	author = {Baker, M C and Ramirez-Llodra, E and Tyler, P A and German, C R and Boetius, A and Cordes, E E and Dubilier, N and Fisher, C R and Levin, L A and Metaxas, A and Rowden, R and Santos, R S and Shank, R and Van Dover, C L and Young, C and Waren, A}
}
@article {Tyler2009,
	title = {{Protandric hermaphroditism in the whale-fall bivalve mollusc Idas washingtonia}},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
	volume = {56},
	number = {19-20},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {1689{\textendash}1699},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0967-0645},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2009.05.014},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2009.05.014},
	author = {Tyler, P A and Marsh, L and Baco-Taylor, A and Smith, C R}
}
@article {Tyler2008,
	title = {{Reproduction of gastropods from vents on the East Pacific Rise and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge}},
	journal = {Journal of Shellfish Research},
	volume = {27},
	number = {1},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {107{\textendash}118},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0730-8000},
	doi = {10.2983/0730-8000(2008)27[107:ROGFVO]2.0.CO;2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2983/0730-8000(2008)27[107:ROGFVO]2.0.CO 2},
	author = {Tyler, P A and Pendlebury, S and Mills, S W and Mullineaux, L S and Eckelbarger, K J and Baker, M and Young, C M}
}
@article {Mills2007,
	title = {{Habitat associations in gastropod species at east Pacific rise hydrothermal vents (9 degrees 50 {\textquoteright} N)}},
	journal = {Biological Bulletin},
	volume = {212},
	number = {3},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {185{\textendash}194},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0006-3185},
	url = {http://www.biolbull.org/cgi/content/abstract/212/3/185},
	author = {Mills, S W and Mullineaux, L S and Tyler, P A}
}
@article {Hilario2005,
	title = {{Sperm storage, internal fertilization, and embryonic dispersal in vent and seep tubeworms (Polychaeta : Siboglinidae : Vestimentifera)}},
	journal = {Biological Bulletin},
	volume = {208},
	number = {1},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {20{\textendash}28},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0006-3185},
	url = {http://www.biolbull.org/cgi/content/abstract/208/1/20},
	author = {Hilario, A and Young, C M and Tyler, P A}
}
@inbook {Smith2003a,
	title = {{Ecology of the deep Pacific Ocean floor}},
	booktitle = {Ecosystems of the deep ocean},
	series = {Ecosystems of the world},
	number = {28},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {179{\textendash}218},
	publisher = {Elsevier},
	organization = {Elsevier},
	address = {Amsterdam},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	isbn = {044482619X},
	author = {Smith, C R and Demopoulos, A W J},
	editor = {Tyler, P A}
}
@article {Copley2003,
	title = {{Spatial variation in the reproductive development of Paralvinella palmiformis (Polychaeta: Alvinellidae) from the High Rise vent field (Endeavour Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge): Relation to a successional mosaic model}},
	journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series},
	volume = {255},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {171{\textendash}181},
	issn = {0170-8630},
	doi = {10.3354/meps255171},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps255171},
	author = {Copley, J T P and Tyler, P A and Van Dover, C L and Philip, S J}
}
@article {Tyler2003,
	title = {{Understanding the biogeography of chemosynthetic ecosystems.}},
	journal = {Oceanologica Acta},
	volume = {25},
	number = {5},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {227{\textendash}241},
	issn = {0399-1784},
	doi = {10.1016/S0399-1784(02)01202-1},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0399-1784(02)01202-1},
	author = {Tyler, P A and German, C R and Ramirez-Llodra, E and Van Dover, C L}
}
@article {Allen2001,
	title = {{Lipid composition of the hydrothermal vent clam Calyptogena pacifica (Mollusca: Bivalvia) as a trophic indicator}},
	journal = {Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom},
	volume = {81},
	number = {5},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {817{\textendash}821},
	abstract = {Specimens of the chemoautotrophic symbiont-bearing hydrothermal vent clam Calyptogena pacifica were collected from hydrothermal vents at the Endeavour segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge. Total lipid was extracted from gill, foot and mantle tissues, and lipid class and fatty acid composition determined by thin layer chromatography with flame ionization detection (TLC{\textendash}FID), gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC{\textendash}MS). An abundance of n{\textendash}7 monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), especially in the gill, reflected the large contribution of chemoautotrophic symbiotic bacteria to the nutrition of this clam. The absence of n{\textendash}8 MUFA suggests that C. pacifica does not contain methanotrophic symbiotic bacteria. Low levels of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) such as 20:5 n{\textendash}3 and 22:6 n{\textendash}3 were detected in C. pacifica and their presence is attributed to a source other than chemoautotrophic symbiotic bacteria. Significant levels of non-methylene interrupted dienoic fatty acids and eicosatrienoic acid (20:3) were also detected in C. pacifica and it is suggested that these fatty acids are synthesized from n{\textendash}7 MUFA as alternatives to HUFA. In contrast to shallow water bivalves, elevated levels of triglyceride were detected in the gills compared to the mantle.},
	issn = {0125-3154},
	doi = {10.1017/S0025315401004647},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0025315401004647},
	author = {Allen, C E and Tyler, P A and Van Dover, C L}
}
