@article {ISI:000342622400022,
	title = {{Distribution and size fractionation of elemental sulfur in aqueous environments: The Chesapeake Bay and Mid-Atlantic Ridge}},
	journal = {GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA},
	volume = {142},
	year = {2014},
	month = {oct},
	pages = {334{\textendash}348},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Elemental sulfur is an important intermediate of sulfide oxidation and may be produced via abiotic and biotic pathways. In this study the concentration and size fractionation of elemental sulfur were measured in two different sulfidic marine environments: the Chesapeake Bay and buoyant hydrothermal vent plumes along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Nanoparticulate sulfur ({\textless}0.2 mu m) was found to comprise up to 90{\%} of the total elemental sulfur in anoxic deep waters of the Chesapeake Bay. These data were compared with previous studies of elemental sulfur, and represent one of the few reports of nanoparticulate elemental sulfur in the environment. Additionally, a strain of phototrophic sulfide oxidizing bacteria isolated from the Chesapeake Bay was shown to produce elemental sulfur as a product of sulfide oxidation. Elemental sulfur concentrations are also presented from buoyant hydrothermal vent plumes located along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. In the Mid-Atlantic Ridge plume, S-0 concentrations up to 33 mu M were measured in the first meter of rising plumes at three different vent sites, and nanoparticulate S-0 was up to 44{\%} of total elemental sulfur present. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {0016-7037},
	doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2014.07.032},
	author = {Findlay, Alyssa J and Gartman, Amy and MacDonald, Daniel J and Hanson, Thomas E and Shaw, Timothy J and Luther III, George W}
}
@article {ISI:000208863500072,
	title = {{Thermodynamics and kinetics of sulfide oxidation by oxygen: a look at inorganically controlled reactions and biologically mediated processes in the environment}},
	journal = {FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2011},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The thermodynamics for the first electron transfer step for sulfide and oxygen indicates that the reaction is unfavorable as unstable superoxide and bisulfide radical ions would need to be produced. However, a two-electron transfer is favorable as stable S(0) and peroxide would be formed, but the partially filled orbitals in oxygen that accept electrons prevent rapid kinetics. Abiotic sulfide oxidation kinetics improve when reduced iron and/or manganese are oxidized by oxygen to form oxidized metals which in turn oxidize sulfide. Biological sulfur oxidation relies on enzymes that have evolved to overcome these kinetic constraints to affect rapid sulfide oxidation. Here we review the available thermodynamic and kinetic data for H2S and HS center dot as well as O-2, reactive oxygen species, nitrate, nitrite, and NOx species. We also present new kinetic data for abiotic sulfide oxidation with oxygen in trace metal clean solutions that constrain abiotic rates of sulfide oxidation in metal free solution and agree with the kinetic and thermodynamic calculations. Moreover, we present experimental data that give insight on rates of chemolithotrophic and photolithotrophic sulfide oxidation in the environment. We demonstrate that both anaerobic photolithotrophic and aerobic chemolithotrophic sulfide oxidation rates are three or more orders of magnitude higher than abiotic rates suggesting that in most environments biotic sulfide oxidation rates will far exceed abiotic rates due to the thermodynamic and kinetic constraints discussed in the first section of the paper. Such data reshape our thinking about the biotic and abiotic contributions to sulfide oxidation in the environment.},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {1664-302X},
	doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2011.00062},
	author = {Luther III, George W and Findlay, Alyssa J and MacDonald, Daniel J and Owings, Shannon M and Hanson, Thomas E and Beinart, Roxanne A and Girguis, Peter R}
}
