@article {ISI:000350053000004,
	title = {{Phylogenetic placement of Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi (Schwager, 1866) from methane seeps and non-seep habitats on the Pacific margin}},
	journal = {GEOBIOLOGY},
	volume = {13},
	number = {1},
	year = {2015},
	month = {jan},
	pages = {44{\textendash}52},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Benthic foraminifera are among the most abundant groups found in deep-sea habitats, including methane seep environments. Unlike many groups, no endemic foraminiferal species have been reported from methane seeps, and to our knowledge, genetic data are currently sparse for Pacific deep-sea foraminifera. In an effort to understand the relationships between seep and non-seep populations of the deep-sea foraminifera Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi, a common paleo-indicator species, specimens from methane seeps in the Pacific were analyzed and compared to one another for genetic similarities of small subunit rDNA (SSU rDNA) sequences. Pacific Ocean C. wuellerstorfi were also compared to those collected from other localities around the world (based on 18S gene available on Genbank, e.g., Schweizer et al., 2009). Results from this study revealed that C. wuellerstorfi living in seeps near Costa Rica and Hydrate Ridge are genetically similar to one another at the species level. Individuals collected from the same location that display opposite coiling directions (dextral and sinstral) had no species level genetic differences. Comparisons of specimens with genetic information available from Genbank (SSU rDNA) showed that Pacific individuals, collected for this study, are genetically similar to those previously analyzed from the North Atlantic and Antarctic. These observations provide strong evidence for the true cosmopolitan nature of C. wuellerstorfi and highlight the importance of understanding how these microscopic organisms are able to maintain sufficient genetic exchange to remain within the same species between seep and non-seep habitats and over global distances.},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {1472-4677},
	doi = {10.1111/gbi.12118},
	author = {Burkett, A M and Rathburn, A E and Perez, M E and Levin, L A and Cha, H and Rouse, G W}
}
@booklet {Levin2012,
	title = {{A hydrothermal seep on the Costa Rica margin: middle ground in a continuum of reducing ecosystems}},
	howpublished = {Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences},
	volume = {279},
	number = {1738},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {2580{\textendash}2588},
	abstract = {Upon their initial discovery, hydrothermal vents and methane seeps were considered to be related but distinct ecosystems, with different distributions, geomorphology, temperatures, geochemical properties and mostly different species. However, subsequently discovered vents and seep systems have blurred this distinction. Here, we report on a composite, hydrothermal seep ecosystem at a subducting seamount on the convergent Costa Rica margin that represents an intermediate between vent and seep ecosystems. Diffuse flow of shimmering, warm fluids with high methane concentrations supports a mixture of microbes, animal species, assemblages and trophic pathways with vent and seep affinities. Their coexistence reinforces the continuity of reducing environments and exemplifies a setting conducive to interactive evolution of vent and seep biota.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	doi = {10.1098/rspb.2012.0205},
	url = {http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/279/1738/2580.abstract},
	author = {Levin, L A and Orphan, V J and Rouse, G W and Rathburn, A E and Ussler, W and Cook, G S and Goffredi, S K and Perez, Elena M and Waren, A and Grupe, B M and Chadwick, G and Strickrott, B}
}
@article {Bailey2011,
	title = {{Dimorphism in methane seep-dwelling ecotypes of the largest known bacteria}},
	journal = {ISME Journal},
	volume = {5},
	number = {12},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {1926{\textendash}1935},
	publisher = {International Society for Microbial Ecology},
	abstract = {We present evidence for a dimorphic life cycle in the vacuolate sulfide-oxidizing bacteria that appears to involve the attachment of a spherical Thiomargarita-like cell to the exteriors of invertebrate integuments and other benthic substrates at methane seeps. The attached cell elongates to produce a stalk-like form before budding off spherical daughter cells resembling free-living Thiomargarita that are abundant in surrounding sulfidic seep sediments. The relationship between the attached parent cell and free-living daughter cell is reminiscent of the dimorphic life modes of the prosthecate Alphaproteobacteria, but on a grand scale, with individual elongate cells reaching nearly a millimeter in length. Abundant growth of attached Thiomargarita-like bacteria on the integuments of gastropods and other seep fauna provides not only a novel ecological niche for these giant bacteria, but also for animals that may benefit from epibiont colonization.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {1751-7362},
	doi = {10.1038/ismej.2011.66},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/ismej/journal/v5/n12/suppinfo/ismej201166s1.html 10.1038/ismej.2011.66},
	author = {Bailey, J V and Salman, V and Rouse, G W and Schulz-Vogt, H and Levin, L A and Orphan, V J}
}
@article {Nishi2007,
	title = {{A new species of Phyllochaetopterus (Chaetopteridae : Annelida) from near hydrothermal vents in the Lau Basin, western Pacific Ocean}},
	journal = {Zootaxa},
	number = {1621},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {55{\textendash}64},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {1175-5326},
	url = {http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2007f/z01621p064f.pdf},
	author = {Nishi, E and Rouse, G W}
}
@article {Rouse2004,
	title = {{Osedax: Bone-eating marine worms with dwarf males}},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {305},
	number = {5684},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {668{\textendash}671},
	issn = {0036-8075},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1098650},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1098650},
	author = {Rouse, G W and Goffredi, S K and Vrijenhoek, R C}
}
