@booklet {Levin2012,
	title = {{A hydrothermal seep on the Costa Rica margin: middle ground in a continuum of reducing ecosystems}},
	howpublished = {Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences},
	volume = {279},
	number = {1738},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {2580{\textendash}2588},
	abstract = {Upon their initial discovery, hydrothermal vents and methane seeps were considered to be related but distinct ecosystems, with different distributions, geomorphology, temperatures, geochemical properties and mostly different species. However, subsequently discovered vents and seep systems have blurred this distinction. Here, we report on a composite, hydrothermal seep ecosystem at a subducting seamount on the convergent Costa Rica margin that represents an intermediate between vent and seep ecosystems. Diffuse flow of shimmering, warm fluids with high methane concentrations supports a mixture of microbes, animal species, assemblages and trophic pathways with vent and seep affinities. Their coexistence reinforces the continuity of reducing environments and exemplifies a setting conducive to interactive evolution of vent and seep biota.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	doi = {10.1098/rspb.2012.0205},
	url = {http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/279/1738/2580.abstract},
	author = {Levin, L A and Orphan, V J and Rouse, G W and Rathburn, A E and Ussler, W and Cook, G S and Goffredi, S K and Perez, Elena M and Waren, A and Grupe, B M and Chadwick, G and Strickrott, B}
}
@article {Bailey2011,
	title = {{Dimorphism in methane seep-dwelling ecotypes of the largest known bacteria}},
	journal = {ISME Journal},
	volume = {5},
	number = {12},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {1926{\textendash}1935},
	publisher = {International Society for Microbial Ecology},
	abstract = {We present evidence for a dimorphic life cycle in the vacuolate sulfide-oxidizing bacteria that appears to involve the attachment of a spherical Thiomargarita-like cell to the exteriors of invertebrate integuments and other benthic substrates at methane seeps. The attached cell elongates to produce a stalk-like form before budding off spherical daughter cells resembling free-living Thiomargarita that are abundant in surrounding sulfidic seep sediments. The relationship between the attached parent cell and free-living daughter cell is reminiscent of the dimorphic life modes of the prosthecate Alphaproteobacteria, but on a grand scale, with individual elongate cells reaching nearly a millimeter in length. Abundant growth of attached Thiomargarita-like bacteria on the integuments of gastropods and other seep fauna provides not only a novel ecological niche for these giant bacteria, but also for animals that may benefit from epibiont colonization.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {1751-7362},
	doi = {10.1038/ismej.2011.66},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/ismej/journal/v5/n12/suppinfo/ismej201166s1.html 10.1038/ismej.2011.66},
	author = {Bailey, J V and Salman, V and Rouse, G W and Schulz-Vogt, H and Levin, L A and Orphan, V J}
}
