@article {Garcia2016,
	title = {{Petrology and geochronology of lavas from Ka{\textquoteleft}ula Volcano: Implications for rejuvenated volcanism of the Hawaiian mantle plume}},
	journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
	volume = {185},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {278{\textendash}301},
	abstract = {Marine surveying and submersible sampling of Ka{\textquoteleft}ula Volcano, located 100 km off the axis of the Hawaiian chain, revealed widespread areas of young volcanism. New 40Ar/39Ar and geochemical analyses of the olivine-phyric submarine and subaerial volcanic rocks show that Ka{\textquoteleft}ula is shrouded with 1.9{\textendash}0.5 Ma alkalic basalts. The ages and chemistry of these rocks overlap with rejuvenated lavas on nearby, northern Hawaiian Island shields (Ni{\textquoteleft}ihau, Kaua{\textquoteleft}i and South Kaua{\textquoteleft}i Swell). Collectively, these rejuvenated lavas cover a vast area (\~{}7000 km2), much more extensive than any other area of rejuvenated volcanism worldwide. Ka{\textquoteleft}ula rejuvenated lavas range widely in alkalinity and incompatible element abundances (e.g., up to 10{\texttimes} P2O5 at a given MgO value) and ratios indicating variable degrees of melting of a heterogeneous source. Heavy REE elements in Ka{\textquoteleft}ula lavas are pinned at a mantle normalized Yb value of 10 {\textpm} 1, reflecting the presence of garnet in the source. Trace element ratios indicate the source also contained phlogopite and an Fe{\textendash}Ti oxide. The new Ka{\textquoteleft}ula ages show that rejuvenated volcanism was nearly coeval from \~{}0.3 to 0.6 Ma along a 450 km segment of the Hawaiian Islands (from West Maui to north of Ka{\textquoteleft}ula). The ages and volumes for rejuvenated volcanism are inconsistent with all but one geodynamic melting model proposed to date. This model advocates a significant contribution of pyroxenite to rejuvenated magmas. Analyses of olivine phenocryst compositions suggest a major (33{\textendash}69{\%}) pyroxenite component in Ka{\textquoteleft}ula rejuvenated lavas, which correlates positively with radiogenic Pb isotope ratios for Ka{\textquoteleft}ula. This correlation is also observed in lavas from nearby South Kaua{\textquoteleft}i lavas, as was reported for Atlantic oceanic islands. The presence of pyroxenite in the source may have extended the duration and volume of Hawaiian rejuvenated volcanism.},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2016.03.025},
	author = {Garcia, M O and Weis, D and Jicha, B R and Ito, G and Hanano, D}
}
@article {Pietruszka2011,
	title = {{Excesses of seawater-derived 234U in volcanic glasses from Loihi Seamount due to crustal contamination}},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {304},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {280{\textendash}289},
	abstract = {The effects of crustal contamination on the chemistry of oceanic basalts are commonly assumed to be negligible due to the compositional similarity between the erupted basalt and the underlying oceanic crust or volcanic edifice. Here we evaluate this assumption with high-precision measurements of the 234U{\textendash}238U and 230Th{\textendash}238U disequilibria, Cl/K2O ratios, and 87Sr/86Sr ratios of volcanic glasses from Loihi Seamount, a submarine Hawaiian volcano with an active hydrothermal system. The samples, including one from the volcano{\textquoteright}s 1996 eruption, have small to moderate amounts of excess 234U ({\~{}}~0.2{\textendash}1.0{\%}) and variable, elevated Cl/K2O ratios. These excesses of 234U and enrichments in Cl are thought to result from contamination with seawater-derived U and Cl, but neither of these signatures can be explained by syn- or post-eruptive interaction between lava and seawater. Instead, mantle-derived magmas at Loihi appear to be variably contaminated with two distinct crustal materials: hydrothermal brines (which create enrichments in Cl) and U-enriched hydrothermally altered rocks (which create excesses of 234U). Both of these materials are expected to be found within the volcanic edifice as complementary parts of the volcano{\textquoteright}s hydrothermal system. The Loihi glasses display a wide measured range in the amount of excess 230Th from {\~{}}1 to 7{\%} (due to the addition of seawater-derived U) that overlaps with lavas from Kilauea Volcano ({\~{}}~2{\%} excess 230Th). We correct the 230Th{\textendash}238U disequilibria of the Loihi glasses back to their original pre-contamination values using their 234U{\textendash}238U disequilibria and a simple mass-balance calculation. This correction suggests that mantle-derived magmas at Loihi have a narrow range of {\~{}}~6{\textendash}9{\%} excess 230Th, which is significantly larger than observed for lavas from the neighboring volcano, Kilauea. This difference is consistent with the idea that Loihi is tapping mantle that is upwelling slowly ({\~{}}~5{\textendash}6~cm/yr) on the margin of the Hawaiian plume.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0012-821X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2011.02.018},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2011.02.018},
	author = {Pietruszka, A J and Keyes, M J and Duncan, J A and Hauri, E H and Carlson, R W and Garcia, M O}
}
@article {Garcia2008,
	title = {{Widespread secondary volcanism near northern Hawaiian Islands}},
	journal = {EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
	volume = {89},
	number = {52},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {542{\textendash}543},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {0096-3941},
	doi = {10.1029/2008EO520002},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008EO520002},
	author = {Garcia, M O and Ito, G and Weis, D and Geist, D J and Swinnard, L and Bianco, T and Flinders, A and Taylor, B and Appelgate, B and Blay, C and Hanano, D and Silva, I N and Naumann, T and Maerschalk, C and Harpp, K S and Christensen, B and Sciaroni, L and Tagami, T and Yamasaki, S}
}
@article {Wanless2006,
	title = {{Submarine radial vents on Mauna Loa Volcano, Hawai{\textquoteright}i}},
	journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {Q05001},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {1525-2027},
	doi = {10.1029/2005gc001086},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005gc001086},
	author = {Wanless, V D and Garcia, M O and Trusdell, F A and Rhodes, J M and Norman, M D and Weis, D and Fornari, D J and Kurz, M D and Guillou, H}
}
@article {Garcia2001,
	title = {{Submarine growth and internal structure of ocean island volcanoes based on submarine observations of Mauna Loa Volcano, Hawaii}},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {29},
	number = {2},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {163{\textendash}166},
	issn = {0091-7613},
	doi = {10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0163:SGAISO>2.0.CO;2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029{\%}3C0163:SGAISO{\%}3E2.0.CO 2},
	author = {Garcia, M O and Davis, M G}
}
@article {Garcia1993,
	title = {{An evaluation of temporal geochemical evolution of Loihi summit lavas: results from Alvin submersible dives}},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
	volume = {98},
	number = {B1},
	year = {1993},
	pages = {537{\textendash}550},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0148-0227},
	doi = {10.1029/92JB01707},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/92JB01707},
	author = {Garcia, M O and Jorgenson, B A and Mahoney, J J and Ito, E and Irving, A J}
}
@article {Byers1983,
	title = {{Volatiles in basalts and andesites from the Galapagos Spreading Center, 85 degrees to 86 degrees W}},
	journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
	volume = {47},
	number = {9},
	year = {1983},
	pages = {1551{\textendash}1558},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0016-7037},
	doi = {10.1016/0016-7037(83)90181-3},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(83)90181-3},
	author = {Byers, C D and Muenow, D W and Garcia, M O}
}
