@article {ISI:000321177000006,
	title = {{Active positioning of vent larvae at a mid-ocean ridge}},
	journal = {DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY},
	volume = {92},
	number = {SI},
	year = {2013},
	month = {aug},
	pages = {46{\textendash}57},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The vertical position of larvae of vent species above a mid-ocean ridge potentially has a strong effect on their dispersal. Larvae may be advected upward in the buoyant vent plume, or move as a consequence of their buoyancy or by active swimming. Alternatively, they may be retained near the bottom by the topography of the axial trough, or by downward swimming. At vents near 9 degrees 50{\textquoteright}N on the axis of the East Pacific Rise, evidence for active larval positioning was detected in a comparison between field observations of larvae in the plankton in 2006 and 2007 and distributions of non-swimming larvae in a two-dimensional bio-physical model. In the field, few vent larvae were collected at the level of the neutrally buoyant plume (similar to 75 m above the bottom); their relative abundances at that height were much lower than those of simulated larvae from a near-bottom release in the model. This discrepancy was observed for many vent species, particularly gastropods, suggesting that they may actively remain near the bottom by sinking or swimming downward. Near the seafloor, larval abundance decreased from the ridge axis to 1000 m off axis much more strongly in the observations than in the simulations, again pointing to behavior as a potential regulator of larval transport. We suspect that transport off axis was reduced by downward-moving behavior, which positioned larvae into locations where they were isolated from cross-ridge currents by seafloor topography, such as the walls of the axial valley which are not resolved in the model. Cross-ridge gradients in larval abundance varied between gastropods and polychaetes, indicating that behavior may vary between taxonomic groups, and possibly between species. These results suggest that behaviorally mediated retention of vent larvae may be common, even for species that have a long planktonic larval duration and are capable of long-distance dispersal. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0967-0645},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.03.032},
	author = {Mullineaux, L S and McGillicuddy Jr., D J and Mills, S W and Kosnyrev, V K and Thurnherr, A M and Ledwell, J R and Lavelle, J W}
}
@article {Mills2013,
	title = {{Persistent effects of disturbance on larval patterns in the plankton after an eruption on the East Pacific Rise}},
	journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series},
	volume = {491},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {67{\textendash}76},
	abstract = {To predict how benthic communities will respond to disturbance, it is necessary to understand how disturbance affects the planktonic larval supply available to recolonize the area. Deep-sea hydrothermal vent fauna along the East Pacific Rise (EPR) experience frequent local extinctions due to tectonic and magmatic events, but the effects on regional larval abundance and diversity are unknown. We had been monitoring larvae at 9{\textdegree}50{\textquoteright}N on the EPR prior to the 2006 eruption and were able to resume collections shortly afterward. We found that many species that were common before the eruption became significantly less so afterward, whereas a few other species experienced a transient spike in abundance. Surprisingly, overall species richness in the plankton was high 9 mo after the eruption, but then decreased sharply after 1~yr and had not returned to pre-eruption levels after 2 yr. These results suggest that recovery from disturbance may continue to be affected by limited larval supply even several years after a disturbance event. This delay in recovery means that larvae of pioneer species may dominate potential colonists, even after benthic habitats have transitioned to conditions that favor later-successional species. Moreover, the combined effects of natural and anthropogenic disturbance (e.g. mining) would be likely to cause more profound and long-lasting changes than either event alone. Our results indicate that we do not have sufficient data to predict the timing of recovery after disturbance in the deep sea, even in a well-studied vent system.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	doi = {10.3354/meps10463},
	author = {Mills, S W and Mullineaux, L S and Beaulieu, S E and Adams, D K}
}
@article {Fornari2012,
	title = {{The East Pacific Rise Between 9 degrees N and 10 degrees N: Twenty-Five Years of Integrated, Multidisciplinary Oceanic Spreading Center Studies}},
	journal = {Oceanography},
	volume = {25},
	number = {1},
	year = {2012},
	month = {mar},
	pages = {18{\textendash}43},
	publisher = {OCEANOGRAPHY SOC},
	address = {ROCKVILLE; P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA},
	abstract = {The East Pacific Rise from {\~{}}~9{\textendash}10{\textdegree}N is an archetype for a fast-spreading mid-ocean ridge. In particular, the segment near 9{\textdegree}50{\textquoteright}N has been the focus of multidisciplinary research for over two decades, making it one of the best-studied areas of the global ridge system. It is also one of only two sites along the global ridge where two historical volcanic eruptions have been observed. This volcanically active segment has thus offered unparalleled opportunities to investigate a range of complex interactions among magmatic, volcanic, hydrothermal, and biological processes associated with crustal accretion over a full magmatic cycle. At this 9{\textdegree}50{\textquoteright}N site, comprehensive physical oceanographic measurements and modeling have also shed light on linkages between hydrodynamic transport of larvae and other materials and biological dynamics influenced by magmatic processes. Integrated results of high-resolution mapping, and both in~situ and laboratory-based geophysical, oceanographic, geochemical, and biological observations and sampling, reveal how magmatic events perturb the hydrothermal system and the biological communities it hosts.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle), ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {1042-8275},
	doi = {10.5670/oceanog.2012.02},
	author = {Fornari, D J and Von Damm, K L and Bryce, Julia G and Cowen, J P and Ferrini, Vicki and Fundis, A and Lilley, M D and Luther, G W and Mullineaux, L S and Perfit, M R and Meana-Prado, M F and Rubin, K H and Seyfried, W E and Shank, T M and Soule, S A and Tolstoy, M and White, S M}
}
@article {Adams2011,
	title = {{Surface-generated mesoscale eddies transport deep-sea products from hydrothermal vents}},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {332},
	number = {6029},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {580{\textendash}583},
	abstract = {Atmospheric forcing, which is known to have a strong influence on surface ocean dynamics and production, is typically not considered in studies of the deep sea. Our observations and models demonstrate an unexpected influence of surface-generated mesoscale eddies in the transport of hydrothermal vent efflux and of vent larvae away from the northern East Pacific Rise. Transport by these deep-reaching eddies provides a mechanism for spreading the hydrothermal chemical and heat flux into the deep-ocean interior and for dispersing propagules hundreds of kilometers between isolated and ephemeral communities. Because the eddies interacting with the East Pacific Rise are formed seasonally and are sensitive to phenomena such as El Ni{\~n}o, they have the potential to introduce seasonal to interannual atmospheric variations into the deep sea.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0036-8075},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1201066},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1201066},
	author = {Adams, D K and McGillicuddy, D J and Zamudio, L and Thurnherr, A M and Liang, X and Rouxel, O J and German, C R and Mullineaux, L S}
}
@article {ISI:000276610000012,
	title = {{Expanding dispersal studies at hydrothermal vents through species identification of cryptic larval forms}},
	journal = {MARINE BIOLOGY},
	volume = {157},
	number = {5},
	year = {2010},
	month = {may},
	pages = {1049{\textendash}1062},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The rapid identification of hydrothermal vent-endemic larvae to the species level is a key limitation to understanding the dynamic processes that control the abundance and distribution of fauna in such a patchy and ephemeral environment. Many larval forms collected near vents, even those in groups such as gastropods that often form a morphologically distinct larval shell, have not been identified to species. We present a staged approach that combines morphological and molecular identification to optimize the capability, efficiency, and economy of identifying vent gastropod larvae from the northern East Pacific Rise (NEPR). With this approach, 15 new larval forms can be identified to species. A total of 33 of the 41 gastropod species inhabiting the NEPR, and 26 of the 27 gastropod species known to occur specifically in the 9A degrees 50{\textquoteright} N region, can be identified to species. Morphological identification efforts are improved by new protoconch descriptions for Gorgoleptis spiralis, Lepetodrilus pustulosus, Nodopelta subnoda, and Echinopelta fistulosa. Even with these new morphological descriptions, the majority of lepetodrilids and peltospirids require molecular identification. Restriction fragment length polymorphism digests are presented as an economical method for identification of five species of Lepetodrilus and six species of peltospirids. The remaining unidentifiable specimens can be assigned to species by comparison to an expanded database of 18S ribosomal DNA. The broad utility of the staged approach was exemplified by the revelation of species-level variation in daily planktonic samples and the identification and characterization of egg capsules belonging to a conid gastropod Gymnobela sp. A. The improved molecular and morphological capabilities nearly double the number of species amenable to field studies of dispersal and population connectivity.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0025-3162},
	doi = {10.1007/s00227-009-1386-8},
	author = {Adams, D K and Mills, S W and Shank, T M and Mullineaux, L S}
}
@article {Beaulieu2009,
	title = {{Comparison of a sediment trap and plankton pump for time-series sampling of larvae near deep-sea hydrothermal vents}},
	journal = {Limnology and Oceanography: Methods},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {235{\textendash}248},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {1541-5856},
	doi = {10.4319/lom.2009.7.235},
	url = {http://www.aslo.org/lomethods/free/2009/0235.pdf},
	author = {Beaulieu, S E and Mullineaux, L S and Adams, D K and Mills, S W}
}
@article {Mullineaux2009,
	title = {{Imprint of past environmental regimes on structure and succession of a deep-sea hydrothermal vent community}},
	journal = {Oecologia},
	volume = {161},
	number = {2},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {387{\textendash}400},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0029-8549},
	doi = {10.1007/s00442-009-1390-1},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-009-1390-1},
	author = {Mullineaux, L S and Micheli, F and Peterson, C H and Lenihan, H S and Markus, N}
}
@book {Mills2009,
	title = {{Photographic identification guide to larvae at hydrothermal vents}},
	series = {WHOI technical reports},
	volume = {2009-05},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {104},
	publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	organization = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	address = {Woods Hole, MA},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	doi = {10.1575/1912/2996},
	url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1912/2996},
	author = {Mills, S W and Beaulieu, S E and Mullineaux, L S}
}
@article {Lenihan2008,
	title = {{Biotic interactions at hydrothermal vents: Recruitment inhibition by the mussel Bathymodiolus thermophilus}},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
	volume = {55},
	number = {12},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {1707{\textendash}1717},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0967-0637},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2008.07.007},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2008.07.007},
	author = {Lenihan, H S and Mills, S W and Mullineaux, L S and Peterson, C H and Fisher, C R and Micheli, F}
}
@article {Tyler2008,
	title = {{Reproduction of gastropods from vents on the East Pacific Rise and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge}},
	journal = {Journal of Shellfish Research},
	volume = {27},
	number = {1},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {107{\textendash}118},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0730-8000},
	doi = {10.2983/0730-8000(2008)27[107:ROGFVO]2.0.CO;2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2983/0730-8000(2008)27[107:ROGFVO]2.0.CO 2},
	author = {Tyler, P A and Pendlebury, S and Mills, S W and Mullineaux, L S and Eckelbarger, K J and Baker, M and Young, C M}
}
@article {Adams2008,
	title = {{Supply of gastropod larvae to hydrothermal vents reflects transport from local larval sources}},
	journal = {Limnology and Oceanography},
	volume = {53},
	number = {5},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {1945{\textendash}1955},
	abstract = {Variation in larval supply to disjunct marine populations can provide insight into larval transport and delivery mechanisms, especially when compared with observations of physical transport. Daily variability in larval supply at two mussel-dominated hydrothermal vents, East Wall and Choo Choo, near 9{\textordmasculine}50{\textquoteright}N, East Pacific Rise, was quantified concurrently with hydrodynamic observations to investigate local dispersal processes. The magnitude and temporal variation in supply differed between the two vent sites despite their close proximity, 1.6 km. Larval supply was relatively high and uninterrupted at East Wall compared to low and episodic at Choo Choo. Observed variation in larval supply was compared to predictions based on advective transport from larval sources at neighboring vents. Variation in larval supply at Choo Choo correlated with along-axis southward currents, consistent with larval transport from a northern larval source. Larval supply to East Wall appeared to be independent of current velocities, suggesting that larvae came from multiple sources north of and south of and possibly including East Wall. Transport of larvae from discrete local sources can explain differences in larval supply to vent communities, even on spatial scales of kilometers.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0024-3590},
	doi = {10.4319/lo.2008.53.5.1945},
	url = {http://www.aslo.org/lo/toc/vol{\_}53/issue{\_}5/1945.pdf},
	author = {Adams, D K and Mullineaux, L S}
}
@article {Mills2007,
	title = {{Habitat associations in gastropod species at east Pacific rise hydrothermal vents (9 degrees 50 {\textquoteright} N)}},
	journal = {Biological Bulletin},
	volume = {212},
	number = {3},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {185{\textendash}194},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0006-3185},
	url = {http://www.biolbull.org/cgi/content/abstract/212/3/185},
	author = {Mills, S W and Mullineaux, L S and Tyler, P A}
}
@article {Pradillon2005,
	title = {{Colonisation of newly-opened habitat by a pioneer species, Alvinella pompejana (Polychaeta : Alvinellidae), at East Pacific Rise vent sites}},
	journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series},
	volume = {302},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {147{\textendash}157},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0171-8630},
	doi = {10.3354/meps302147},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps302147},
	author = {Pradillon, F and Zbinden, M and Mullineaux, L S and Gaill, F}
}
@article {Sancho2005,
	title = {{Selective predation by the zoarcid fish Thermarces cerberus at hydrothermal vents.}},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
	volume = {52},
	number = {5},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {837{\textendash}844},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0967-0637},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2004.12.002},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2004.12.002},
	author = {Sancho, G and Fisher, C R and Mills, S W and Micheli, F and Johnson, G A and Lenihan, H S and Peterson, C H and Mullineaux, L S}
}
@article {Mullineaux2005,
	title = {{Vertical, lateral and temporal structure in larval abundance at hydrothermal vents}},
	journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series},
	volume = {293},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {1{\textendash}16},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0171-8630},
	doi = {10.3354/meps293001},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps293001},
	author = {Mullineaux, L S and Mills, S W and Sweetman, A K and Beaudreau, A H and Metaxas, A and Hunt, H L}
}
@article {Wheat2004a,
	title = {{Heat flow through a basaltic outcrop on a sedimented young ridge flank}},
	journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {Article no. Q12006},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {1525-2027},
	doi = {10.1029/2004GC000700},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004GC000700},
	author = {Wheat, C G and Mottl, M J and Fisher, A T and Kadko, D and Davis, E E and Baker, E T and Mullineaux, L S and Peterson, C H and Micheli, F and Mills, S W}
}
@article {Hunt2004,
	title = {{Testing biological control of colonization by vestimentiferan tubeworms at deep-sea hydrothermal vents (East Pacific Rise, 9 degrees 50{\textquoteright}N)}},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
	volume = {51},
	number = {2},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {225{\textendash}234},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0967-0637},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2003.10.008},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2003.10.008},
	author = {Hunt, H L and Metaxas, A and Jennings, R L and Halanych, K M and Mullineaux, L S}
}
@article {Mullineaux2003,
	title = {{Successional mechanism varies along a gradient in hydrothermal fluid flux at deep-sea vents}},
	journal = {Ecological Monographs},
	volume = {73},
	number = {4},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {523{\textendash}542},
	publisher = {Ecological Society of America},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0012-9615},
	doi = {10.1890/02-0674},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/02-0674},
	author = {Mullineaux, L S and Peterson, C H and Micheli, F and Mills, S W}
}
@article {Podar2002,
	title = {{Bacterial group II introns in a deep sea hydrothermal vent environment.}},
	journal = {Applied and Environmental Microbiology},
	volume = {68},
	number = {12},
	year = {2002},
	pages = {6392{\textendash}6398},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0099-2240},
	doi = {10.1128/AEM.68.12.6392-6398.2002},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.68.12.6392-6398.2002},
	author = {Podar, M and Mullineaux, L S and Huang, H -R and Perlman, P S and Sogin, M L}
}
@article {Micheli2002,
	title = {{Predation structures communities at deep-sea hydrothermal vents}},
	journal = {Ecological Monographs},
	volume = {72},
	number = {3},
	year = {2002},
	pages = {365{\textendash}382},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0012-9615},
	doi = {10.1890/0012-9615(2002)072[0365:PSCADS]2.0.CO;2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/0012-9615(2002)072[0365:PSCADS]2.0.CO 2},
	author = {Micheli, F and Peterson, C H and Mullineaux, L S and Fisher, C R and Mills, S W and Sancho, G and Johnson, G A and Lenihan, H S}
}
@article {Marsh2001,
	title = {{Larval dispersal potential of the tubeworm Riftia pachyptila at deep-sea hydrothermal vents}},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {411},
	number = {6833},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {77{\textendash}80},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0028-0836},
	doi = {10.1038/35075063},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35075063},
	author = {Marsh, A G and Mullineaux, L S and Young, C M and Manahan, D T}
}
@article {Mullineaux2000,
	title = {{Tubeworm succession at hydrothermal vents: Use of biogenic cues to reduce habitat selection error?}},
	journal = {Oecologia},
	volume = {123},
	number = {2},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {275{\textendash}284},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0029-8549},
	doi = {10.1007/s004420051014},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004420051014},
	author = {Mullineaux, L S and Fisher, C R and Peterson, C H and Schaeffer, S W}
}
@article {Kim1998,
	title = {{Distribution and near-bottom transport of larvae and other plankton at hydrothermal vents}},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
	volume = {45},
	number = {1-3},
	year = {1998},
	pages = {423{\textendash}440},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0967-0645},
	doi = {10.1016/S0967-0645(97)00042-8},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(97)00042-8},
	author = {Kim, S L and Mullineaux, L S}
}
@article {Mullineaux1998,
	title = {{Recruitment variation during a pilot colonization study of hydrothermal vents (9 degrees 50{\textquoteright}N, East Pacific Rise)}},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
	volume = {45},
	number = {1-3},
	year = {1998},
	pages = {441{\textendash}464},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0967-0645},
	doi = {10.1016/S0967-0645(97)00045-3},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(97)00045-3},
	author = {Mullineaux, L S and Mills, S W and Goldman, E}
}
@article {Wishner1995,
	title = {{Pelagic and benthic ecology of the lower interface of the Eastern Tropical Pacific oxygen minimum zone}},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
	volume = {42},
	number = {1},
	year = {1995},
	pages = {93{\textendash}115},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0967-0637},
	doi = {10.1016/0967-0637(94)00021-J},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0967-0637(94)00021-J},
	author = {Wishner, K F and Ashjian, C J and Gelfman, C and Gowing, M M and Kann, L and Levin, L A and Mullineaux, L S and Saltzman, J}
}
@article {Kaartvedt1994,
	title = {{Amphipods on a deep-sea hydrothermal treadmill}},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
	volume = {41},
	number = {1},
	year = {1994},
	pages = {179{\textendash}195},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0967-0637},
	doi = {10.1016/0967-0637(94)90032-9},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0967-0637(94)90032-9},
	author = {Kaartvedt, S and Van Dover, C L and Mullineaux, L S and Wiebe, P H and Bollens, S}
}
@article {Mullineaux1988,
	title = {{The role of settlement in structuring a hard-substratum community in the deep sea}},
	journal = {Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology},
	volume = {120},
	number = {3},
	year = {1988},
	pages = {247{\textendash}261},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0022-0981},
	doi = {10.1016/0022-0981(88)90005-6},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(88)90005-6},
	author = {Mullineaux, L S}
}
