@article {RN2529,
	title = {Archaeal lipid diversity, alteration, and preservation at the Cathedral Hill deep sea hydrothermal vent, Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California, and its implications regarding the deep time preservation paradox},
	journal = {Organic Geochemistry},
	volume = {163},
	year = {2022},
	type = {Journal Article},
	issn = {0146-6380},
	doi = {10.1016/j.orggeochem.2021.104302},
	author = {Bentley, J. N. and Ventura, G. T. and Dalzell, C. J. and Walters, C. C. and Peters, C. A. and Mennito, A. S. and Nelson, R. K. and Reddy, C. M. and Seewald, J. S. and Sievert, S. M.}
}
@article {RN2487,
	title = {Abyssal deposit feeders are secondary consumers of detritus and rely on nutrition derived from microbial communities in their guts},
	journal = {Scientific Reports},
	volume = {11},
	number = {1},
	year = {2021},
	type = {Journal Article},
	issn = {2045-2322},
	doi = {10.1038/s41598-021-91927-4},
	author = {Romero-Romero, S. and Miller, E. C. and Black, J. A. and Popp, B. N. and Drazen, J. C.}
}
@article {RN2520,
	title = {Activities of 223Ra and 226Ra in fluids from the Lost City Hydrothermal Field require short fluid residence times},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research - Oceans},
	year = {2021},
	type = {Journal Article},
	doi = {10.1029/2021jc017886},
	url = {https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1142711737},
	author = {Moore, W. S. and Frankle, J. D. and Benitez-Nelson, C. R. and Fr{\"u}h-Green, G. L. and Lang, S. Q.}
}
@article {RN2527,
	title = {Activities of Ra-223 and Ra-226 in Fluids From the Lost City Hydrothermal Field Require Short Fluid Residence Times},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans},
	volume = {126},
	number = {12},
	year = {2021},
	type = {Journal Article},
	issn = {2169-9275},
	doi = {10.1029/2021JC017886},
	author = {Moore, W. S. and Frankle, J. D. and Benitez-Nelson, C. R. and Frueh-Green, G. L. and Lang, S. Q.}
}
@article {RN2497,
	title = {Archaeal lipid diversity, alteration, preservation at Cathedral Hill, Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California, and its link to the deep time preservation paradox},
	journal = {Organic Geochemistry},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {104302},
	type = {Journal Article},
	doi = {10.1016/j.orggeochem.2021.104302},
	url = {https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1140741982},
	author = {Bentley, Jeremy N. and Ventura, G. Todd and Dalzell, Connor J. and Walters, Clifford C. and Peters, Carl A. and Mennito, Anthony S. and Nelson, Robert K. and Reddy, Christopher M. and Seewald, Jeffrey S. and Sievert, Stefan M.}
}
@article {RN2435,
	title = {Abiotic redox reactions in hydrothermal mixing zones: Decreased energy availability for the subsurface biosphere},
	journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {202003108},
	type = {Journal Article},
	doi = {10.1073/pnas.2003108117},
	url = {https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1130064349},
	author = {McDermott, Jill M. and Sylva, Sean P. and Ono, Shuhei and German, Christopher R. and Seewald, Jeffrey S.}
}
@article {RN2441,
	title = {Aerobic and anaerobic iron oxidizers together drive denitrification and carbon cycling at marine iron-rich hydrothermal vents},
	journal = {Isme Journal},
	year = {2020},
	type = {Journal Article},
	issn = {1751-7362},
	doi = {10.1038/s41396-020-00849-y},
	author = {McAllister, S. M. and Vandzura, R. and Keffer, J. L. and Polson, S. W. and Chan, C. R. S.}
}
@article {RN2428,
	title = {Allopatric and sympatric drivers of speciation in Alviniconcha hydrothermal vent snails},
	journal = {Molecular Biology and Evolution},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {msaa177},
	type = {Journal Article},
	doi = {10.1093/molbev/msaa177},
	url = {https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1129111732 https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article-pdf/doi/10.1093/molbev/msaa177/33491520/msaa177.pdf},
	author = {Breusing, Corinna and Johnson, Shannon B. and Tunnicliffe, Verena and Clague, David A. and Vrijenhoek, Robert C. and Beinart, Roxanne A.}
}
@article {RN2450,
	title = {Allopatric and Sympatric Drivers of Speciation in Alviniconcha Hydrothermal Vent Snails},
	journal = {Molecular Biology and Evolution},
	volume = {37},
	number = {12},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {3469-3484},
	type = {Journal Article},
	issn = {0737-4038},
	doi = {10.1093/molbev/msaa177},
	author = {Breusing, C. and Johnson, S. B. and Tunnicliffe, V. and Clague, D. A. and Vrijenhoek, R. C. and Beinart, R. A.}
}
@article {RN2391,
	title = {Abiotic synthesis of graphite in hydrothermal vents},
	journal = {Nature Communications},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2019},
	type = {Journal Article},
	issn = {2041-1723},
	doi = {10.1038/s41467-019-13216-z},
	author = {Estes, E. R. and Berti, D. and Coffey, N. R. and Hochella, M. F. and Wozniak, A. S. and Luther, G. W.}
}
@article {RN2396,
	title = {Application of B, Mg, Li, and Sr Isotopes in Acid-Sulfate Vent Fluids and Volcanic Rocks as Tracers for Fluid-Rock Interaction in Back-Arc Hydrothermal Systems},
	journal = {Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems},
	year = {2019},
	type = {Journal Article},
	doi = {10.1029/2019GC008694},
	author = {Wilckens, F. K. and Reeves, E. P. and Bach, W. and Seewald, J. S. and Kasemann, S. A.}
}
@article {RN2372,
	title = {APT: An Instrument for Monitoring Seafloor Acceleration, Pressure, and Temperature with Large Dynamic Range and Bandwidth},
	journal = {Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America},
	volume = {109},
	number = {1},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {448-462},
	type = {Journal Article},
	issn = {0037-1106},
	doi = {10.1785/0120180132},
	author = {Davis, E. E. and Heesemann, M. and Farrugia, J. J. and Johnson, G. and Paros, J.}
}
@article {Maher2016,
	title = {{Arsenic concentrations and species in three hydrothermal vent worms, Ridgeia piscesae, Paralvinella sulficola and Paralvinella palmiformis}},
	journal = {Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
	volume = {116},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {41{\textendash}48},
	abstract = {Hydrothermal vents are surficial expressions of subsurface geological and hydrological processes. Fluids emitting from active vents are chemically distinct from bottom seawater, and are enriched in dissolved metals and metalloids, including arsenic. Vent organisms accumulate arsenic but the arsenic speciation in these non-photosynthetic organisms is largely unknown. Here, arsenic concentrations and chemical species were measured in three deep sea hydrothermal vent worms (Ridgeia piscesae, Paralvinella sulfincola and Paralvinella palmiformis ) from the Juan de Fuca Ridge in the Northwest pacific. R. piscesae has similar arsenic concentrations (3.8{\textendash}35 {\textmu}g g-1) to shallow water polychaetes while P. sulfincola and P. palmiformis have significantly higher arsenic concentrations (420{\textendash}1417 and 125{\textendash}321 {\textmu}g g-1 respectively). R. piscesae contains appreciable quantities of inorganic arsenic (36{\textpm}14{\%}), monomethyl arsenic (2{\textpm}2{\%}), dimethyl arsenic (34{\textpm}21{\%}), an unknown methyl arsenical (7{\textpm}16{\%}), OSO3-arsenosugar (5{\textpm}9{\%}), TETRA (4{\textpm}5{\%}), ThioPO4/ThioDMAE (1{\textpm}2{\%}) and an unknown thio-arsenical (12{\textpm}14{\%}). These results suggests that host and symbionts are either involved in the methylation of arsenic, or are bathed in fluids enriched in methylated arsenic as a result of free-living microbial activity. The host carrying out methylation, however, cannot be ruled out. In contrast, 96{\textendash}97{\%} of the arsenic in P. sulfincola and P. palmiformis is inorganic arsenic, likely the result of arsenic precipitation within and upon the mucus they ingest while feeding. While all worms have oxo- and thio arsenosugars (2{\textendash}30{\%}), Paralvinella also have small amounts of arsenobetaine ({\textless}0.001{\textendash}0.21{\%}). The presence of arsenosugars, arsenobetaine and other minor arsenic species in the absence of photosynthesising algae/bacteria indicates that they may be formed by vent animals in the absence of sunlight, but at this time their formation cannot be explained.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2016.07.009},
	author = {Maher, W A and Duncan, E and Dilly, G and Foster, S and Krikowa, F and Lombi, E and Scheckel, K and Girguis, P}
}
@article {McNichol2016a,
	title = {{Assessing microbial processes in deep-sea hydrothermal systems by incubation at in situ temperature and pressure}},
	journal = {Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
	volume = {115},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {221{\textendash}232},
	abstract = {At deep-sea hydrothermal vents, a large source of potential chemical energy is created when reducing vent fluid and oxidizing seawater mix. In this environment, chemolithoautotrophic microbes catalyze exergonic redox reactions which in turn provide the energy needed to fuel their growth and the fixation of CO2 into biomass. In addition to producing new organic matter, this process also consumes compounds contained both in vent fluid and entrained seawater (e.g. H2, NO3-). Despite their biogeochemical importance, such reactions have remained difficult to quantify due to methodological limitations. To address this knowledge gap, this study reports a novel application of isobaric gas-tight fluid samplers for conducting incubations of hydrothermal vent fluids at in situ temperature and pressure. Eighteen {\~{}}24 h incubations were carried out, representing seven distinct conditions that examine amendments consisting of different electron donors and acceptors. Microbial activity was observed in all treatments, and time series chemical measurements showed that activity was limited by electron acceptor supply, confirming predictions based on geochemical data. Also consistent with these predictions, the presence of nitrate increased rates of hydrogen consumption and yielded ammonium as a product of nitrate respiration. The stoichiometry of predicted redox reactions was also determined, revealing that the sulfur and nitrogen cycles are incompletely understood at deep-sea vents, and likely involve unknown intermediate redox species. Finally, the measured rates of redox processes were either equal to or far greater than what has been reported in previous studies where in situ conditions were not maintained. In addition to providing insights into deep-sea hydrothermal vent biogeochemistry, the methods described herein also offer a practical approach for the incubation of any deep-sea pelagic sample under in situ conditions.},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2016.06.011},
	author = {McNichol, J and Sylva, S P and Thomas, F and Taylor, C D and Sievert, S M and Seewald, J S}
}
@article {ISI:000348807500001,
	title = {{Activity and phylogenetic diversity of sulfate-reducing microorganisms in low-temperature subsurface fluids within the upper oceanic crust}},
	journal = {FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2015},
	month = {jan},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The basaltic ocean crust is the largest aquifer system on Earth, yet the rates of biological activity in this environment are unknown. Low-temperature ({\textless}100 degrees C) fluid samples were investigated from two borehole observatories in the Juan de Fuca Ridge (JFR) flank, representing a range of upper oceanic basement thermal and geochemical properties. Microbial sulfate reduction rates (SRR) were measured in laboratory incubations with S-35-sulfate over a range of temperatures and the identity of the corresponding sulfate-reducing microorganisms (SRM) was studied by analyzing the sequence diversity of the functional marker dissimilatory (bi)sulfite reductase (dsrAB) gene. We found that microbial sulfate reduction was limited by the decreasing availability of organic electron donors in higher temperature, more altered fluids. Thermodynamic calculations indicate energetic constraints for metabolism, which together with relatively higher cell-specific SRR reveal increased maintenance requirements, consistent with novel species-level dsrAB phylotypes of thermophilic SRM. Our estimates suggest that microbially-mediated sulfate reduction may account for the removal of organic matter in fluids within the upper oceanic crust and underscore the potential quantitative impact of microbial processes in deep subsurface marine crustal fluids on marine and global biogeochemical carbon cycling.},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {1664-302X},
	doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2014.00748},
	author = {Robador, Alberto and Jungbluth, Sean P and LaRowe, Douglas E and Bowers, Robert M and Rappe, Michael S and Amend, Jan P and Cowen, James P}
}
@article {ISI:000358016200003,
	title = {{Advances in In Situ Alignment Calibration of Doppler and High/Low-end Attitude Sensors for Underwater Vehicle Navigation: Theory and Experimental Evaluation}},
	journal = {JOURNAL OF FIELD ROBOTICS},
	volume = {32},
	number = {5, SI},
	year = {2015},
	month = {aug},
	pages = {655{\textendash}674},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {This paper reports the development and comparative performance evaluation, using laboratory and at-sea field data, of new methods for the problem of in situ calibration of the alignment rotation matrix between Doppler sonar velocity sensors and attitude sensors arising in the navigation of underwater vehicles. Most previously reported solutions to this alignment calibration problem require the use of absolute navigation fixes of the underwater vehicle, thus requiring additional navigation sensors and/or beacons to be located externally and apart from the underwater vehicle. We report four novel alignment calibration methods employing only internal vehicle navigation sensors for velocity, acceleration, attitude, and depth. We report the results of comparative analysis of the performance of these new methods and a previously reported method with a navigation laboratory and at-sea field data. Laboratory data were obtained with the Johns Hopkins University JHU remotely operated underwater vehicle in the JHU Hydrodynamic Test Facility. At-sea field data were obtained from deep-water survey missions of the Sentry autonomous underwater vehicle conducted in March, 2011 in the Kermadec Arc in the Southern Pacific Ocean. In addition, we report a comparative experimental evaluation of several recently reported calibration methods when employing low-cost microelectromechanical system attitude sensors. In all these cases, the results reveal consistent differences in performance of the various methods when analyzed on navigation data from several different vehicle dives.},
	keywords = {AUV Sentry (Autonomous Underwater Vehicle)},
	issn = {1556-4959},
	doi = {10.1002/rob.21551},
	author = {Troni, Giancarlo and Whitcomb, Louis L}
}
@article {ISI:000330965000004,
	title = {{Age and growth of the cold-water scleractinian Solenosmilia variabilis and its reef on SW Pacific seamounts}},
	journal = {CORAL REEFS},
	volume = {33},
	number = {1},
	year = {2014},
	month = {mar},
	pages = {31{\textendash}38},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Little is known about growth rates of deep-water reef-forming corals or the rates at which these reefs accumulate. Such information is critical for determining the resilience of the reefs to anthropogenic impacts such as trawling and climate change. We radiocarbon date live-caught and sub-fossil samples of the bioherm-forming coral Solenosmilia variabilis collected from precisely known depths and locations by means of a remotely operated vehicle on seamounts south of Tasmania, Australia. The growth rate of colonies live-caught between 958 and 1,454 m, which spans most of the depth range of the species locally, ranged from 0.84 to 1.25 mm linear extension yr(-1) and tended to be higher in the deeper-caught material. Analysis of skeletal microstructure suggests annual deposition of growth increments near the growing tips, but not closer to the base, as the skeleton is extended and thickened. Dating of sub-fossil material indicates S. variabilis has been present on Tasmanian seamounts for at least the last 47,000 yrs and a reef accumulation rate of 0.27 mm yr(-1).},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {0722-4028},
	doi = {10.1007/s00338-013-1097-y},
	author = {Fallon, S J and Thresher, R E and Adkins, J}
}
@article {1072,
	title = {{Alvin Cleared to Return to Service}},
	journal = {Ocean News {\&} Technology},
	volume = {20},
	number = {3},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {13},
	abstract = {After a 3-year overhaul and major upgrade, the US{\textquoteright} deepest-diving research submersible, Alvin, has been cleared to return to work exploring the ocean{\textquoteright}s depths. The sub has been out of service since December 2010, undergoing a major upgrade that included the replacement of its personnel sphere with a newly fabricated, larger, more capable hull. The Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution operates the Navy-owned sub for the National Deep Submergence Facility on behalf of a consortium of universities and research organizations conducting deep ocean research. The Navy certified Alvin using its Deep Submergence Scope of Certification process, reviewing the design, construction, and materials used to ensure the vehicle performs as expected.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)}
}
@article {Walsh2014,
	title = {{Alvin: Ocean Research Submarine}},
	journal = {Mechanical Engineering},
	volume = {136},
	number = {8},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {28},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	author = {Walsh, Joseph B. and Rainnie, William D.}
}
@article {943,
	title = {{Alvin takes first science dive since overhaul}},
	journal = {Ocean News {\&} Technology},
	volume = {20},
	number = {4},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {28},
	abstract = {Alvin, the nation{\textquoteright}s only deep-sea research submarine, took its first scientific dive Mar 15, 2014 after a 39- month hiatus and a major overhaul that dramatically upgraded the sub. Because the first dive site was only 320 m deep, the sub was on the bottom about 12 mm later, and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution scientist Susan Humphris, Alvin pilot Bob Waters, and pilot-in-training Nathan Brown spent the next 5 hrs doing the undersea equivalent of a road test. Humphris described the tests of the Alvin{\textquoteright}s new command-and-control features that automatically maintain the sub{\textquoteright}s position, attitude, or heading.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)}
}
@article {Madin2014,
	title = {{Alvin{\textquoteright}s animals: scientists in the sub have discovered hundreds of previously unknown species}},
	journal = {Oceanus},
	volume = {51},
	number = {1},
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	author = {Madin, K}
}
@article {ISI:000345545100011,
	title = {{The Anatomy of a Buried Submarine Hydrothermal System, Clark Volcano, Kermadec Arc, New Zealand}},
	journal = {ECONOMIC GEOLOGY},
	volume = {109},
	number = {8},
	year = {2014},
	month = {dec},
	pages = {2261{\textendash}2292},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Clark volcano of the Kermadec arc, northeast of New Zealand, is a large stratovolcano comprised of two coalescing volcanic cones; an apparently younger, more coherent, twin-peaked edifice to the northwest and a relatively older, more degraded and tectonized cone to the southeast. High-resolution water column surveys show an active hydrothermal system at the summit of the NW cone largely along a ridge spur connecting the two peaks, with activity also noted at the head of scarps related to sector collapse. Clark is the only known cone volcano along the Kermadec arc to host sulfide mineralization. Volcano-scale gravity and magnetic surveys over Clark show that it is highly magnetized, and that a strong gravity gradient exists between the two edifices. Modeling suggests that a crustal-scale fault lies between these two edifices, with thinner crust beneath the NW cone. Locations of regional earthquake epicenters show a southwest-northeast trend bisecting the two Clark cones, striking northeastward into Tangaroa volcano. Detailed mapping of magnetics above the NW cone summit shows a highly magnetized ring structure 350 m below the summit that is not apparent in the bathymetry; we believe this structure represents the top of a caldera. Oblate zones of low (weak) magnetization caused by hydrothermal fluid upflow, here termed burn holes, form a pattern in the regional magnetization resembling Swiss cheese. Presumably older burn holes occupy the inner margin of the ring structure and show no signs of hydrothermal activity, while younger burn holes are coincident with active venting on the summit. A combination of mineralogy, geochemistry, and seafloor mapping of the NW cone shows that hydrothermal activity today is largely manifest by widespread diffuse venting, with temperatures ranging between 56 degrees and 106 degrees C. Numerous, small ({\textless}= 30 cm high) chimneys populate the summit area, with one site host to the similar to 7-m-tall {\textquoteleft}{\textquoteleft}Twin Towers{\{}{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright}{\}} chimneys with maximum vent fluid temperatures of 221 degrees C (pH 4.9), consistent with delta S-34(anhydrite-pyrite) values indicating formation temperatures of similar to 228 degrees to 249 degrees C. Mineralization is dominated by pyrite-marcasite-barite-anhydrite. Radiometric dating using the Ra-228/Ra-226 and Ra-226/Ba methods shows active chimneys to be {\textless}20 with most {\textless}2 years old. However, the chimneys at Clark show evidence for mixing with, and remobilizing of, barite as old as 19,000 years. This is consistent with Nd and Sr isotope compositions of Clark chimney and sulfate crust samples that indicate mixing of similar to 40{\%} seawater with a vent fluid derived from low K lavas. Similarly, REE data show the hydrothermal fluids have interacted with a plagioclase-rich source rock. A holistic approach to the study of the Clark hydrothermal system has revealed a two-stage process whereby a caldera-forming volcanic event preceded a later cone-building event. This ensured a protracted (at least 20 ka yrs) history of hydrothermal activity and associated mineral deposition. If we assume at least 200-m-high walls for the postulated (buried) caldera, then hydrothermal fluids would have exited the seafloor 20 ka years ago at least 550 m deeper than they do today, with fluid discharge temperatures potentially much hotter (similar to 350 degrees C). Subsequent to caldera infilling, relatively porous volcaniclastic and other units making up the cone acted as largescale filters, enabling ascending hydrothermal fluids to boil and mix with seawater subseafloor, effectively removing the metals (including remobilized Cu) in solution before they reached the seafloor. This has implications for estimates for the metal inventory of seafloor hydrothermal systems pertaining to arc hydrothermal systems.},
	keywords = {AUV ABE (Autonomous Benthic Explorer), AUV Sentry (Autonomous Underwater Vehicle)},
	issn = {0361-0128},
	author = {de Ronde, C E J and Walker, S L and Ditchburn, R G and Tontini, F Caratori and Hannington, M D and Merle, S G and Timm, C and Handler, M R and Wysoczanski, R J and Dekov, V M and Kamenov, G D and Baker, E T and Embley, R W and Lupton, J E and Stoffers, P}
}
@article {ISI:000321177000006,
	title = {{Active positioning of vent larvae at a mid-ocean ridge}},
	journal = {DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY},
	volume = {92},
	number = {SI},
	year = {2013},
	month = {aug},
	pages = {46{\textendash}57},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The vertical position of larvae of vent species above a mid-ocean ridge potentially has a strong effect on their dispersal. Larvae may be advected upward in the buoyant vent plume, or move as a consequence of their buoyancy or by active swimming. Alternatively, they may be retained near the bottom by the topography of the axial trough, or by downward swimming. At vents near 9 degrees 50{\textquoteright}N on the axis of the East Pacific Rise, evidence for active larval positioning was detected in a comparison between field observations of larvae in the plankton in 2006 and 2007 and distributions of non-swimming larvae in a two-dimensional bio-physical model. In the field, few vent larvae were collected at the level of the neutrally buoyant plume (similar to 75 m above the bottom); their relative abundances at that height were much lower than those of simulated larvae from a near-bottom release in the model. This discrepancy was observed for many vent species, particularly gastropods, suggesting that they may actively remain near the bottom by sinking or swimming downward. Near the seafloor, larval abundance decreased from the ridge axis to 1000 m off axis much more strongly in the observations than in the simulations, again pointing to behavior as a potential regulator of larval transport. We suspect that transport off axis was reduced by downward-moving behavior, which positioned larvae into locations where they were isolated from cross-ridge currents by seafloor topography, such as the walls of the axial valley which are not resolved in the model. Cross-ridge gradients in larval abundance varied between gastropods and polychaetes, indicating that behavior may vary between taxonomic groups, and possibly between species. These results suggest that behaviorally mediated retention of vent larvae may be common, even for species that have a long planktonic larval duration and are capable of long-distance dispersal. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0967-0645},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.03.032},
	author = {Mullineaux, L S and McGillicuddy Jr., D J and Mills, S W and Kosnyrev, V K and Thurnherr, A M and Ledwell, J R and Lavelle, J W}
}
@article {ISI:000326430500019,
	title = {{Activity and positioning of eurythermal hydrothermal vent sulphide worms in a variable thermal environment}},
	journal = {JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY},
	volume = {448},
	year = {2013},
	month = {oct},
	pages = {149{\textendash}155},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Here we investigate behavioral responses to fine-scale spatial and temporal temperature gradients in a heat tolerant hydrothermal vent worm (Paralvinella sulfincola). While this species has been a model organism for understanding physiological adaptations to extreme environments, lacking are corroborative in situ experiments and characterization of temperature-related behaviors representing the lower thermal tolerance range of this species. To address this knowledge gap, we first quantified the upper thermal limit for this species using a rapid heating protocol executed remotely on the seafloor. Second, we used a combination of in situ observations and shipboard experiments to test for temperature-dependent patterns in activity and behavior. We confirm that P. sulfincola is remarkably eurythermal and demonstrates a thermal niche breadth exceeding 45 degrees C. We further show that the activity and positioning of worms relate to temperatures within its lower preferred range (i.e., between 4 and 20 degrees C). Worms tended to remain closer to their tube openings and held their branchial crown in a consistent location when fluids were relatively warm. By contrast, when fluids were cooler, both the distance worms were observed from their tubes and positioning of their branchial crown were more variable. A Bayesian hidden Markov model classified each worm at each time interval as being in a high or low activity state according to the magnitude of change in their orientation and how far they moved between successive time lapse images. We found that the transition between active and inactive states at any time period is related to fluid temperature. Our observations indicate that the behavior of the worms is temperature-dependent, which may in turn reflect temperature-related variables such as the delivery of food particles, dissolved oxygen concentration, or relative environmental variability. Our findings demonstrate that this species can respond behaviorally to very fine-scale environmental variability in a manner not simply predicted by models of increasing activity with temperature. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0022-0981},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jembe.2013.06.015},
	author = {Bates, Amanda E and Bird, Tomas J and Robert, Katleen and Onthank, Kirt L and Quinn, Gerry P and Juniper, S Kim and Lee, Raymond W}
}
@article {ISI:000331111400001,
	title = {{Anaerobic oxidation of short-chain alkanes in hydrothermal sediments: potential influences on sulfur cycling and microbial diversity}},
	journal = {FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2013},
	month = {may},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Short-chain alkanes play a substantial role in carbon and sulfur cycling at hydrocarbon-rich environments globally, yet few studies have examined the metabolism of ethane (C-2), propane (C-3), and butane (C-4) in anoxic sediments in contrast to methane (C-1). In hydrothermal vent systems, short-chain alkanes are formed over relatively short geological time scales via thermogenic processes and often exist at high concentrations. The sediment-covered hydrothermal vent systems at Middle Valley (MV Juan de Fuca Ridge) are an ideal site for investigating the anaerobic oxidation of C-1-C-4 alkanes, given the elevated temperatures and dissolved hydrocarbon species characteristic of these metalliferous sediments. We examined whether MV microbial communities oxidized C-1-C-4 alkanes under mesophilic to thermophilic sulfate-reducing conditions. Here we present data from discrete temperature (25, 55, and 75 degrees C) anaerobic batch reactor incubations of MV sediments supplemented with individual alkanes. Co-registered alkane consumption and sulfate reduction (SR) measurements provide clear evidence for C-1-C-4 alkane oxidation linked to SR over time and across temperatures. In these anaerobic batch reactor sediments, 16S ribosomal RNA pyrosequencing revealed that Deltaproteobacteria, particularly a novel sulfate-reducing lineage, were the likely phylotypes mediating the oxidation of C-2-C-4 alkanes. Maximum C-1-C-4 alkane oxidation rates occurred at 55 degrees C, which reflects the mid-core sediment temperature profile and corroborates previous studies of rate maxima for the anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM). Of the alkanes investigated, C-3 was oxidized at the highest rate over time, then C-4, C-2, and C-1, respectively. The implications of these results are discussed with respect to the potential competition between the anaerobic oxidation of C-2-C(4)alkanes with AOM for available oxidants and the influence on the fate of C-1 derived from these hydrothermal systems.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {1664-302X},
	doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2013.00110},
	author = {Adams, Melissa M and Hoarfrost, Adrienne L and Bose, Arpita and Joye, Samantha B and Girguis, Peter R}
}
@article {ISI:000321109400006,
	title = {{Archaeal and bacterial glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether lipids in chimneys of the Lost City Hydrothermal Field}},
	journal = {ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY},
	volume = {60},
	year = {2013},
	month = {jul},
	pages = {45{\textendash}53},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {We detected archaeal and bacterial glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether (GDGT) lipids in carbonate chimneys of the Lost City Hydrothermal Field, an alkaline system near the mid-Atlantic Ridge. Isoprenoidal, archaeal tetraethers from this site include {\textquoteleft}{\textquoteleft}H-shaped{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright} GDGTs, crenarchaeol and GDGTs with 0-3 cyclopentane moieties (here referred to as GDGTs 0-3). Concentrations of GDGT-3 do not track those of GDGTs 0-2 across the sample set, suggesting that its biosynthesis may be subject to different controls. Two branched, bacterial GDGTs (brGDGTs) common in terrigenous environments were also detected. Consulting previously published surveys of microbial diversity at Lost City and literature on known precursor-product relationships, we investigated the provenance of these GDGTs. The principal source of GDGTs 0-3 is likely ANME-1 archaea, abundant at Lost City. H-shaped GDGTs are likely derived from thermophilic Methanobacteria and Thermoprotei. Marine Group I Thaumarchaea detected in Lost City chimneys are a potential source of crenarchaeol, but it is unclear whether they are autotrophic nitrifiers or representatives of a hydrothermal ecotype with different physiology. The detection of branched GDGTs, possibly synthesized by Acidobacteria at Lost City, adds to a growing body of evidence that the capacity for their biosynthesis is not restricted to acidophilic soil bacteria and that they cannot strictly be considered indicators of terrigenous contributions to marine sediments. Input of hydrothermally derived lipids has the potential to complicate paleoproxy applications based on GDGTs. We propose that H-GDGTs be viewed as indicators of hydrothermal input and that their detection in sediments warrants caution in proxy application when a hydrothermal origin for co-occurring isoprenoidal and brGDGTs cannot be excluded. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0146-6380},
	doi = {10.1016/j.orggeochem.2013.04.010},
	author = {Lincoln, Sara A and Bradley, Alexander S and Newman, Sharon A and Summons, Roger E}
}
@article {Thornhill2012,
	title = {{Adaptive radiation in extremophilic Dorvilleidae (Annelida): diversification of a single colonizer or multiple independent lineages?}},
	journal = {Ecology and Evolution},
	volume = {2},
	number = {8},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {1958{\textendash}1970},
	abstract = {Metazoan inhabitants of extreme environments typically evolved from forms found in less extreme habitats. Understanding the prevalence with which animals move into and ultimately thrive in extreme environments is critical to elucidating how complex life adapts to extreme conditions. Methane seep sediments along the Oregon and California margins have low oxygen and very high hydrogen sulfide levels, rendering them inhospitable to many life forms. Nonetheless, several closely related lineages of dorvilleid annelids, including members of Ophryotrocha, Parougia, and Exallopus, thrive at these sites in association with bacterial mats and vesicomyid clam beds. These organisms are ideal for examining adaptive radiations in extreme environments. Did dorvilleid annelids invade these extreme environments once and then diversify? Alternatively, did multiple independent lineages adapt to seep conditions? To address these questions, we examined the evolutionary history of methane-seep dorvilleids using 16S and Cyt b genes in an ecological context. Our results indicate that dorvilleids invaded these extreme habitats at least four times, implying preadaptation to life at seeps. Additionally, we recovered considerably more dorvilleid diversity than is currently recognized. A total of 3 major clades (designated {\textquotedblleft} Ophryotrocha,{\textquotedblright} {\textquotedblleft}Mixed Genera{\textquotedblright} and {\textquotedblleft} Parougia{\textquotedblright}) and 12 terminal lineages or species were encountered. Two of these lineages represented a known species, Parougia oregonensis, whereas the remaining 10 lineages were newly discovered species. Certain lineages exhibited affinity to geography, habitat, sediment depth, and/or diet, suggesting that dorvilleids at methane seeps radiated via specialization and resource partitioning.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {2045-7758},
	doi = {10.1002/ece3.314},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.314},
	author = {Thornhill, D J and Struck, T H and Ebbe, B and Lee, R W and Mendoza, G F and Levin, L A and Halanych, K M}
}
@article {Cowen2012,
	title = {{Advanced instrument system for real-time and time-series microbial geochemical sampling of the deep (basaltic) crustal biosphere}},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
	volume = {61},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {43{\textendash}56},
	abstract = {Integrated Ocean Drilling Program borehole CORK (Circulation Obviation Retrofit Kit) observatories provide long-term access to hydrothermal fluids circulating within the basaltic crust (basement), providing invaluable opportunities to study the deep biosphere. We describe the design and application parameters of the GeoMICROBE instrumented sled, an autonomous sensor and fluid sampling system. The GeoMICROBE system couples with CORK fluid delivery lines to draw large volumes of fluids from crustal aquifers to the seafloor. These fluids pass a series of in-line sensors and an in situ filtration and collection system. GeoMICROBE{\textquoteright}s major components include a primary valve manifold system, a positive displacement primary pump, sensors (e.g., fluid flow rate, temperature, dissolved O2, electrochemistry-voltammetry analyzer), a 48-port in situ filtration and fluid collection system, computerized controller, seven 24~V{\textendash}40~A batteries and wet-mateable (ODI) communications with submersibles. This constantly evolving system has been successfully connected to IODP Hole 1301A on the eastern flank of the Juan de Fuca Ridge. Also described here is a mobile pumping system (MPS), which possesses many of the same components as the GeoMICROBE (e.g., pump, sensors, controller), but is directly powered and controlled in real time via submersible operations; the MPS has been employed repeatedly to collect pristine basement fluids for a variety of geochemical and microbial studies.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle), ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {0967-0637},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2011.11.004},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2011.11.004},
	author = {Cowen, J P and Copson, D A and Jolly, J and Hsieh, C -C and Lin, H -T and Glazer, B T and Wheat, C G}
}
@article {2365,
	title = {{Alvin Submersible{\textquoteright}s New Sphere Passes Pressure Tests}},
	journal = {Sea Technology},
	volume = {53},
	number = {8},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {65},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)}
}
@article {ISI:000309446000009,
	title = {{Anaerobic methane oxidation in metalliferous hydrothermal sediments: influence on carbon flux and decoupling from sulfate reduction}},
	journal = {ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY},
	volume = {14},
	number = {10, SI},
	year = {2012},
	month = {oct},
	pages = {2726{\textendash}2740},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) is a globally significant sink that regulates methane flux from sediments into the oceans and atmosphere. Here we examine mesophilic to thermophilic AOM in hydrothermal sediments recovered from the Middle Valley vent field, on the Juan de Fuca Ridge. Using continuous-flow sediment bioreactors and batch incubations, we characterized (i) the degree to which AOM contributes to net dissolved inorganic carbon flux, (ii) AOM and sulfate reduction (SR) rates as a function of temperature and (iii) the distribution and density of known anaerobic methanotrophs (ANMEs). In sediment bioreactors, inorganic carbon stable isotope mass balances results indicated that AOM accounted for between 16{\%} and 86{\%} of the inorganic carbon produced, underscoring the role of AOM in governing inorganic carbon flux from these sediments. At 90 degrees C, AOM occurred in the absence of SR, demonstrating a striking decoupling of AOM from SR. An abundance of Fe(III)-bearing minerals resembling mixed valent Fe oxides, such as green rust, suggests the potential for a coupling of AOM to Fe(III) reduction in these metalliferous sediments. While SR bacteria were only observed in cooler temperature sediments, ANMEs allied to ANME-1 ribotypes, including a putative ANME-1c group, were found across all temperature regimes and represented a substantial proportion of the archaeal community. In concert, these results extend and reshape our understanding of the nature of high temperature methane biogeochemistry, providing insight into the physiology and ecology of thermophilic anaerobic methanotrophy and suggesting that AOM may play a central role in regulating biological dissolved inorganic carbon fluxes to the deep ocean from the organic-poor, metalliferous sediments of the global mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal vent system.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {1462-2912},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1462-2920.2012.02825.x},
	author = {Wankel, Scott D and Adams, Melissa M and Johnston, David T and Hansel, Colleen M and Joye, Samantha B and Girguis, Peter R}
}
@article {ISI:000302950700011,
	title = {{Anaerobic oxidation of methane at different temperature regimes in Guaymas Basin hydrothermal sediments}},
	journal = {ISME JOURNAL},
	volume = {6},
	number = {5},
	year = {2012},
	month = {may},
	pages = {1018{\textendash}1031},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) was investigated in hydrothermal sediments of Guaymas Basin based on delta C-13 signatures of CH4, dissolved inorganic carbon and porewater concentration profiles of CH4 and sulfate. Cool, warm and hot in-situ temperature regimes (15-20 degrees C, 30-35 degrees C and 70-95 degrees C) were selected from hydrothermal locations in Guaymas Basin to compare AOM geochemistry and 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA), mcrA and dsrAB genes of the microbial communities. 16S rRNA gene clone libraries from the cool and hot AOM cores yielded similar archaeal types such as Miscellaneous Crenarchaeotal Group, Thermoproteales and anaerobic methane-oxidizing archaea (ANME)-1; some of the ANME-1 archaea formed a separate 16S rRNA lineage that at present seems to be limited to Guaymas Basin. Congruent results were obtained by mcrA gene analysis. The warm AOM core, chemically distinct by lower porewater sulfide concentrations, hosted a different archaeal community dominated by the two deep subsurface archaeal lineages Marine Benthic Group D and Marine Benthic Group B, and by members of the Methanosarcinales including ANME-2 archaea. This distinct composition of the methane-cycling archaeal community in the warm AOM core was confirmed by mcrA gene analysis. Functional genes of sulfate-reducing bacteria and archaea, dsrAB, showed more overlap between all cores, regardless of the core temperature. 16S rRNA gene clone libraries with Euryarchaeota-specific primers detected members of the Archaeoglobus clade in the cool and hot cores. A V6-tag high-throughput sequencing survey generally supported the clone library results while providing high-resolution detail on archaeal and bacterial community structure. These results indicate that AOM and the responsible archaeal communities persist over a wide temperature range. The ISME Journal (2012) 6, 1018-1031; doi:10.1038/ismej.2011.164; published online 17 November 2011},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {1751-7362},
	doi = {10.1038/ismej.2011.164},
	author = {Biddle, Jennifer F and Cardman, Zena and Mendlovitz, Howard and Albert, Daniel B and Lloyd, Karen G and Boetius, Antje and Teske, Andreas}
}
@article {Thurber2012,
	title = {{Archaea in metazoan diets: implications for food webs and biogeochemical cycling}},
	journal = {ISME Journal},
	volume = {6},
	number = {8},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {1602{\textendash}1612},
	publisher = {International Society for Microbial Ecology},
	abstract = {Although the importance of trophic linkages, including {\textquoteleft}top-down forcing{\textquoteright}, on energy flow and ecosystem productivity is recognized, the influence of metazoan grazing on Archaea and the biogeochemical processes that they mediate is unknown. Here, we test if: (1) Archaea provide a food source sufficient to allow metazoan fauna to complete their life cycle; (2) neutral lipid biomarkers (including crocetane) can be used to identify Archaea consumers; and (3) archaeal aggregates are a dietary source for methane seep metazoans. In the laboratory, we demonstrated that a dorvilleid polychaete, Ophryotrocha labronica, can complete its life cycle on two strains of Euryarchaeota with the same growth rate as when fed bacterial and eukaryotic food. Archaea were therefore confirmed as a digestible and nutritious food source sufficient to sustain metazoan populations. Both strains of Euryarchaeota used as food sources had unique lipids that were not incorporated into O. labronica tissues. At methane seeps, sulfate-reducing bacteria that form aggregations and live syntrophically with anaerobic-methane oxidizing Archaea contain isotopically and structurally unique fatty acids (FAs). These biomarkers were incorporated into tissues of an endolithofaunal dorvilleid polychaete species from Costa Rica (mean bulk $δ$13C=-92{\textpm}4{\textperthousand}; polar lipids -116{\textperthousand}) documenting consumption of archaeal-bacterial aggregates. FA composition of additional soft-sediment methane seep species from Oregon and California provided evidence that consumption of archaeal-bacterial aggregates is widespread at methane seeps. This work is the first to show that Archaea are consumed by heterotrophic metazoans, a trophic process we coin as {\textquoteleft}archivory{\textquoteright}.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {1751-7362},
	doi = {10.1038/ismej.2012.16},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/ismej/journal/v6/n8/suppinfo/ismej201216s1.html},
	author = {Thurber, A R and Levin, L A and Orphan, V J and Marlow, J J}
}
@article {Thaler2012,
	title = {{Ascomycete phylotypes recovered from a Gulf of Mexico methane seep are identical to an uncultured deep-sea fungal clade from the Pacific}},
	journal = {Fungal Ecology},
	volume = {5},
	number = {2},
	year = {2012},
	month = {apr},
	pages = {270{\textendash}273},
	abstract = {Deep-sea endemic fungi are one component of an under-sampled invisible biosphere whose contribution to benthic ecosystems is not yet understood. In the last decade, molecular techniques have facilitated the discovery of several new deep-sea fungal groups, especially in habitats such as hydrothermal vents and methane seeps. We assessed fungal diversity at a methane seep in the Gulf of Mexico by sequencing partial ITS and LSU gene regions from environmental DNA recovered from microoxic and anoxic sediment. While most phylotypes were closely allied with common fungal species, the dominant phylotype did not match any known terrestrial species and aligned with an uncultured deep-sea fungus found in oxygen-depleted sediment at multiple sites in the Pacific Ocean. Despite its apparently broad distribution and frequent occurrence in oxygen-depleted sediment, the ecological role of this phylotype is not yet known. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd and The British Mycological Society. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {1754-5048},
	doi = {10.1016/j.funeco.2011.07.002},
	author = {Thaler, A D and Van Dover, C L and Vilgalys, R}
}
@article {Li2011,
	title = {{Abundance and distribution of fatty acids within the walls of an active deep-sea sulfide chimney}},
	journal = {Journal of Sea Research},
	volume = {65},
	number = {3},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {333{\textendash}339},
	abstract = {Abundance and distribution of total fatty acids (TFAs) were examined along the physicochemical gradient within an active hydrothermal chimney collected from the Main Endeavour segment of Juan de Fuca Ridge. Approximately 27 fatty acids are identified with a chain-length ranging from C12 to C22. From the exterior to the interior of the chimney walls, the total concentrations of TFAs (∑~TFAs) show a trend of evident decrease. The observed compositions of TFAs are rich in bacterial biomarkers especially monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and minor branched and cyclopropyl FAs. On the basis of the species-specific FAs and bacterial 16SrRNA gene analysis (Li et al., unpublished data), sulfur-based metabolism appears to be the essential metabolic process in the chimney. Furthermore, the sulfur oxidizing bacteria (SOB) are identified as a basic component of microbial communities at the exterior of the hydrothermal chimney, and its proportion shows an inward decrease while the sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) have an inverse distribution.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {1385-1101},
	doi = {10.1016/j.seares.2011.01.005},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2011.01.005},
	author = {Li, J and Zhou, H Y and Peng, X T and Fu, M and Chen, Z Q and Yao, H Q}
}
@article {Quistad2011,
	title = {{Anaerobic propane oxidation in marine hydrocarbon seep sediments}},
	journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
	volume = {75},
	number = {8},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {2159{\textendash}2169},
	abstract = {Propane (C3H8) is an abundant hydrocarbon in subsurface reservoirs with significance to atmospheric chemistry and to marine biogeochemistry. The anaerobic oxidation of propane coupled to sulfate reduction may prevent sub-seafloor accumulations of propane from entering the ocean and atmosphere. Anaerobic oxidation of propane has recently been demonstrated in cultures of novel sulfate-reducing bacteria, but has not been directly demonstrated or quantified in nature. In this work we describe a method involving incubation with 13C-propane to quantify rates of anaerobic oxidation of propane in anoxic sediment, and we conclusively demonstrate the oxidation of propane under sulfidic conditions in fresh sediments of a marine hydrocarbon seep. Observed rates of anaerobic oxidation of propane adhere to first-order kinetic behavior, enabling the modification of this method for whole core rate determinations. Whole core rates in nine cores from two hydrocarbon seeps measured 0.04{\textendash}2100~nmoles C3H8~cm-3~day-1 by this method. The seep persistently supplied with more propane displayed substantially higher rates of anaerobic oxidation of propane, by 1{\textendash}2 orders of magnitude when averaged over the top 10-cm, suggesting the development of the microbial community is strongly modulated by the availability of propane. This work is the first to estimate rates for anaerobic oxidation of propane in any environment, and demonstrates the potential importance of the process as a filter for preventing propane from entering the ocean and atmosphere.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0016-7037},
	doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2011.02.001},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2011.02.001},
	author = {Quistad, S D and Valentine, D L}
}
@article {Kinsey2011,
	title = {{Assessing the Deepwater Horizon oil spill with the Sentry autonomous underwater vehicle}},
	journal = {2011 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {261{\textendash}267},
	abstract = {This paper reports the Sentry autonomous underwater vehicle and its deployment on two cruises in response to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. The first cruise, in June 2010, coupled Sentry with the TETHYS mass spectrometer to track and localize a subsea hydrocarbon plume at a depth of approximately 1100m going at least 30km from the oil spill site. In December 2010, Sentry mapped and photographed deep-sea biological communities for follow-up observations and sampling with the Alvin manned submersible. These cruises demonstrate how robots and novel sensing technologies contributed to the oil spill assessment and the broader impact of technologies developed for basic research.},
	keywords = {AUV Sentry (Autonomous Underwater Vehicle)},
	doi = {10.1109/IROS.2011.6095008},
	author = {Kinsey, J C and Yoerger, D R and Jakuba, M V and Camilli, Rich and Fisher, C R and German, C R}
}
@article {ISI:000277238700001,
	title = {{Abyssogena: a new genus of the family Vesicomyidae (Bivalvia) from deep-water vents and seeps}},
	journal = {JOURNAL OF MOLLUSCAN STUDIES},
	volume = {76},
	number = {2},
	year = {2010},
	month = {may},
	pages = {107{\textendash}132},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {A new genus Abyssogena is established for A. phaseoliformis ( Metivier, Okutani {\&} Ohta, 1986) and A. kaikoi ( Okutani {\&} Metivier, 1986), which were previously assigned to the genus Calyptogena Dall, 1891, and also for two new species, A. southwardae and A. novacula. The most characteristic features of Abyssogena are an elongate shell up to about 280 mm in length; a pallial line starting from the ventral margin of the anterior adductor scar; secondary pallial attachment scars developed dorsal to the pallial line; radially arranged hinge teeth with a reduced anterior cardinal tooth in the right valve; and presence of an inner ctenidial demibranch only. Abyssogena occurs in deep water from 2,985 to 6,400 m and is distributed in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans at cold seeps along continental margins and hydrothermal vents at mid-oceanic ridges. Some species have a remarkably wide geographic distribution; A. southwardae is present throughout the Atlantic and A. phaseoliformis is present in Japan, Kuril-Kamchatka, as well as Aleutian Trenches. No fossils of Abyssogena are known.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0260-1230},
	doi = {10.1093/mollus/eyp052},
	author = {Krylova, Elena M and Sahling, Heiko and Janssen, Ronald}
}
@article {Nevala2010a,
	title = {{Alvin gets an interior re-design: sub{\textquoteright}s new sphere will provide a little more room and comfort}},
	journal = {Oceanus},
	volume = {48},
	number = {2},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {16{\textendash}17},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0029-8182},
	author = {Nevala, A E}
}
@article {Brazelton2010,
	title = {{Archaea and bacteria with surprising microdiversity show shifts in dominance over 1,000-year time scales in hydrothermal chimneys}},
	journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
	volume = {107},
	number = {4},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {1612{\textendash}1617},
	abstract = {The Lost City Hydrothermal Field, an ultramafic-hosted system located 15 km west of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, has experienced at least 30,000 years of hydrothermal activity. Previous studies have shown that its carbonate chimneys form by mixing of \~{}90 {\textdegree}C, pH 9{\textendash}11 hydrothermal fluids and cold seawater. Flow of methane and hydrogen-rich hydrothermal fluids in the porous interior chimney walls supports archaeal biofilm communities dominated by a single phylotype of Methanosarcinales. In this study, we have extensively sampled the carbonate-hosted archaeal and bacterial communities by obtaining sequences of {\textgreater}200,000 amplicons of the 16S rRNA V6 region and correlated the results with isotopic (230Th) ages of the chimneys over a 1,200-year period. Rare sequences in young chimneys were commonly more abundant in older chimneys, indicating that members of the rare biosphere can become dominant members of the ecosystem when environmental conditions change. These results suggest that a long history of selection over many cycles of chimney growth has resulted in numerous closely related species at Lost City, each of which is preadapted to a particular set of reoccurring environmental conditions. Because of the unique characteristics of the Lost City Hydrothermal Field, these data offer an unprecedented opportunity to study the dynamics of a microbial ecosystem{\textquoteright}s rare biosphere over a thousand-year time scale.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0027-8424},
	doi = {10.1073/pnas.0905369107},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0905369107},
	author = {Brazelton, W J and Ludwig, K A and Sogin, M L and Andreishcheva, E N and Kelley, D S and Shen, C C and Edwards, R L and Baross, J A}
}
@article {Valentine2010,
	title = {{Asphalt volcanoes as a potential source of methane to late Pleistocene coastal waters}},
	journal = {Nature Geoscience},
	volume = {3},
	number = {5},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {345{\textendash}348},
	abstract = {Every year, natural petroleum seepage emits 0.2{\textendash}2 Tg of oil to the ocean1. Significant oil seepage can build large underwater mounds, consisting of tar deposits with morphologies similar to volcanic lava flows, known as asphalt volcanoes2, 3. Such events are typically accompanied by large fluxes of the greenhouse gas methane4, 5. Marine sediments from the Santa Barbara basin, California, contain a record of elevated methane concentrations6, anoxia and tar deposition7 during the Pleistocene epoch that had been attributed to dissolution of methane hydrates. However, the region is known to have exhibited oil seepage in the past7. Here, we document the discovery of seven extinct asphalt volcanoes off the coast of southern California. The morphology of the deposits and geochemistry of samples taken from the two largest structures supports their classification as asphalt volcanoes, derived from a common source. We estimate that the two structures resulted from seepage of 0.07{\textendash}0.4 Tg of oil, accompanied by the emission of 0.35{\textendash}1.8 Tg of methane. Radiocarbon dating of carbonate deposits entrained with the asphalt indicates formation of the volcanoes between 44 and 31 kyr ago. The timing and volume of erupted hydrocarbons from the asphalt structures can explain some or all of the documented methane release and tar accumulation in the Santa Barbara basin during the Pleistocene.},
	keywords = {AUV Sentry (Autonomous Underwater Vehicle), HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {1752-0894},
	doi = {10.1038/ngeo848},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo848},
	author = {Valentine, D L and Reddy, C M and Farwell, C and Hill, T M and Pizarro, O and Yoerger, D R and Camilli, R and Nelson, R K and Peacock, E E and Bagby, S C and Clarke, B A and Roman, C N and Soloway, M}
}
@article {Roman2010,
	title = {{Autonomous underwater vehicles as tools for deep-submergence archaeology}},
	journal = {Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part M: Journal of Engineering for the Maritime Environment},
	volume = {224},
	number = {4},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {327{\textendash}340},
	abstract = {Marine archaeology beyond the capabilities of scuba divers is a technologically enabled field. The tool suite includes ship-based systems such as towed side-scan sonars and remotely operated vehicles, and more recently free-swimming autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). Each of these platforms has various imaging and mapping capabilities appropriate for specific scales and tasks. Broadly speaking, AUVs are becoming effective tools for locating, identifying, and surveying archaeological sites. This paper discusses the role of AUVs in this suite of tools, outlines some specific design criteria necessary to maximize their utility in the field, and presents directions for future developments. Results are presented for a recent joint AUV{\textemdash}towed system survey and a demonstration of current mine-hunting technologies applied to archaeology.},
	keywords = {AUV ABE (Autonomous Benthic Explorer), ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {1475-0902},
	url = {http://pim.sagepub.com/content/224/4/327.abstract},
	author = {Roman, C and Mather, R}
}
@article {Chadwick2010a,
	title = {{Axial Seamount}},
	journal = {Oceanography},
	volume = {23},
	number = {1},
	year = {2010},
	month = {mar},
	pages = {38{\textendash}39},
	abstract = {Axial Seamount is a hotspot volcano superimposed on the Juan de Fuca Ridge (JdFR) in the Northeast Pacific Ocean. Due to its robust magma supply, it rises {\~{}} 800 m above the rest of JdFR and has a large elongate summit caldera with two rift zones that parallel and overlap with adjacent segments of the spreading center (Figure 1). Submersible dives at Axial in 1983{\textendash}1984 discovered the first active black smoker vents in the Northeast Pacific (Chase et al., 1985). The New Millennium Observatory (NeMO; http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/vents/nemo) was established at Axial in 1996 to study volcanic events and the perturbations they cause to hydrothermal and biological systems. As if on cue, Axial erupted in January 1998 and was the first seafloor eruption detected remotely and monitored by in situ instruments (Embley et al., 1999). In fact, one instrument caught in a 1998 lava flow was later recovered with data intact, providing new insight into the emplacement of submarine lavas (Chadwick, 2003). Initially, research focused on mapping, sampling, and documenting the impact of the eruption on the hydrothermal vents and biological communities (Figure 2). The emphasis has gradually shifted to long-term geophysical, geochemical, and biological monitoring of the volcano in anticipation of its next eruption.},
	issn = {1042-8275},
	doi = {10.5670/oceanog.2010.73},
	author = {Chadwick, W W and Butterfield, D A and Embley, R W and Tunnicliffe, V and Huber, J A and Nooner, S L and Clague, D A}
}
@article {VerEecke2009,
	title = {{Abundances of hyperthermophilic autotrophic Fe(III) oxide reducers and heterotrophs in deep-sea hydrothermal sulfide chimneys of the northeastern Pacific Ocean.}},
	journal = {Applied and Environmental Microbiology},
	volume = {75},
	number = {1},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {242{\textendash}245},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0099-2240},
	doi = {10.1128/AEM.01462-08},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01462-08},
	author = {Ver Eecke, H C and Kelley, D S and Holden, J F}
}
@article {Crespo-Medina2009,
	title = {{Adaptation of chemosynthetic microorganisms to elevated mercury concentrations in deep-sea hydrothermal vents}},
	journal = {Limnology and Oceanography},
	volume = {54},
	number = {1},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {41{\textendash}49},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0024-3590},
	doi = {10.4319/lo.2009.54.1.0041},
	url = {http://www.aslo.org/lo/pdf/vol{\_}54/issue{\_}1/0041.pdf},
	author = {Crespo-Medina, M and Chatziefthimiou, A D and Bloom, N S and Luther, G W and Wright, D D and Reinfelder, J R and Vetriani, C and Barkay, T}
}
@article {Streep2009,
	title = {{Another league under the sea: tomorrow{\textquoteright}s research subs open earth{\textquoteright}s final frontier}},
	journal = {Popular Science},
	volume = {274},
	number = {2},
	year = {2009},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0161-7370},
	url = {http://www.popsci.com/scitech/article/2009-07/new-generation-submersibles-open-ocean},
	author = {Streep, A}
}
@article {Stevenson2009,
	title = {{AUV design: shape, drag and practical issues}},
	journal = {Sea Technology},
	volume = {50},
	number = {1},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {41{\textendash}44},
	keywords = {AUV ABE (Autonomous Benthic Explorer)},
	issn = {0093-3651},
	author = {Stevenson, P and Furlong, M and Dormer, D}
}
@article {Won2008,
	title = {{Absence of cospeciation between deep-sea mytilids and their thiotrophic endosymbionts}},
	journal = {Journal of Shellfish Research},
	volume = {27},
	number = {1},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {129{\textendash}138},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle), ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {0730-8000},
	doi = {10.2983/0730-8000(2008)27[129:AOCBDM]2.0.CO;2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2983/0730-8000(2008)27[129:AOCBDM]2.0.CO 2},
	author = {Won, Y -J and Jones, W J and Vrijenhoek, R C}
}
@inbook {Singh2007,
	title = {{Advances in High Resolution Imaging from Underwater Vehicles}},
	booktitle = {Robotics Research: Results of the 12th International Symposium ISRR},
	series = {Springer Tracts in Advanced Robotics},
	number = {28},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {430{\textendash}448},
	publisher = {Springer},
	organization = {Springer},
	address = {Berlin},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	isbn = {3-540-48110-9},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-540-48113-3_37},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-48113-3{\_}37},
	author = {Singh, H and Roman, C and Pizarro, O and Eustice, R}
}
@article {Roberts2007a,
	title = {{Alvin explores the deep northern Gulf of Mexico Slope}},
	journal = {EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
	volume = {88},
	number = {35},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {341{\textendash}342},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {2324-9250},
	doi = {10.1029/2007EO350001},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007EO350001},
	author = {Roberts, H and Carney, R and Kupchik, M and Fisher, C R and Nelson, Kim and Becker, E and Goehring, E and Lessard-Pilon, S and Telesnicki, G and Bernard, B and Brooks, J and Bright, M and Cordes, E and Hourdez, S and Hunt, J and Shedd, W and Boland, G and Joye, S and Samarkin, V and Bernier, M and Bowles, M and MacDonald, I and Niemann, H and Petersen, C and Morrison, C and Potter, J}
}
@article {Olu-LeRoy2007,
	title = {{Amphi-Atlantic cold-seep Bathymodiolus species complexes across the equatorial belt}},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
	volume = {54},
	number = {11},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {1890{\textendash}1911},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0967-0637},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2007.07.004},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2007.07.004},
	author = {Olu-Le Roy, K and von Cosel, R and Hourdez, S and Carney, S L and Jollivet, D}
}
@article {Larsen2007,
	title = {{Amphipoda (Crustacea; Peracarida) from the hydrothermal vent system of the Juan De Fuca Ridge, Escabana trough and Gorda ridge, Northeast Pacific. Part I. Lysianassidae and sebidae}},
	journal = {Zootaxa},
	volume = {1445},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {1{\textendash}26},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {1175-5326},
	url = {http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2007f/z01445p026f.pdf},
	author = {Larsen, K}
}
@article {Waller2007,
	title = {{Ancient DNA techniques : applications for deep-water corals}},
	journal = {Bulletin of Marine Science},
	volume = {81},
	number = {3},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {351{\textendash}359},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0007-4977},
	author = {Waller, R G and Adkins, J F and Robinson, L F and Shank, T M}
}
@article {Helmreich2007,
	title = {{An anthropologist underwater: Immersive soundscapes, submarine cyborgs, and transductive ethnography}},
	journal = {American Ethnologist},
	volume = {34},
	number = {4},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {621{\textendash}641},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0094-0496},
	doi = {10.1525/ae.2007.34.4.621},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ae.2007.34.4.621},
	author = {Helmreich, S}
}
@article {Yoerger2007b,
	title = {{Autonomous and remotely operated vehicle technology for hydrothermal vent discovery, exploration, and sampling}},
	journal = {Oceanography},
	volume = {20},
	number = {1},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {152{\textendash}161},
	keywords = {AUV ABE (Autonomous Benthic Explorer), ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle), ROV Medea (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {1042-8275},
	doi = {10.5670/oceanog.2007.89},
	author = {Yoerger, D R and Bradley, A M and Jakuba, M V and German, C R and Shank, T M and Tivey, M}
}
@article {Lippsett2006,
	title = {{ABE the autonomous benthic explorer}},
	journal = {Oceanus},
	volume = {45},
	number = {1},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {28{\textendash}30},
	keywords = {AUV ABE (Autonomous Benthic Explorer)},
	issn = {0029-8182},
	url = {http://www.whoi.edu/oceanus/viewArticle.do?id=12335{\&}archives=true},
	author = {Lippsett, L}
}
@mastersthesis {Eickstedt2006,
	title = {{Adaptive sampling in autonomous marine sensor networks}},
	volume = {Ph.D.},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {213},
	school = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	type = {phd},
	address = {Cambridge, MA and Woods Hole, MA},
	keywords = {AUV ABE (Autonomous Benthic Explorer)},
	doi = {10.1575/1912/1395},
	url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1912/1395},
	author = {Eickstedt, D P}
}
@article {1427,
	title = {{Alvin{\textquoteright}s last ride: Sentry{\textquoteright}s first}},
	journal = {Oceanus},
	volume = {45},
	number = {1},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {17},
	keywords = {AUV Sentry (Autonomous Underwater Vehicle), HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0029-8182}
}
@article {Nevala2005,
	title = {{Alvin{\textquoteright}s pilots a tight-knit group with the {\textquoteright}right stuff{\textquoteright} to guide a submersible on the seafloor}},
	journal = {Oceanus},
	volume = {44},
	number = {2},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {26{\textendash}31},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0029-8182},
	author = {Nevala, A E and Lippsett, L}
}
@article {Lanoil2005,
	title = {{Archaeal diversity in ODP legacy borehole 892b and associated seawater and sediments of the Cascadia Margin}},
	journal = {FEMS Microbiology Ecology},
	volume = {54},
	number = {2},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {167{\textendash}177},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0168-6496},
	doi = {10.1016/j.femsec.2005.03.015},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.femsec.2005.03.015},
	author = {Lanoil, B D and La Duc, M T and Wright, M and Kastner, M and Nealson, K H and Bartlett, D H}
}
@inbook {Luther2004,
	title = {{Activation of diatomic and triatomic molecules for the synthesis of organic compounds: Metal catalysis at the subseafloor biosphere}},
	booktitle = {Subseafloor Biosphere at Mid-Ocean Ridges},
	series = {Geophysical Monograph},
	number = {144},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {191{\textendash}197},
	publisher = {American Geophyical Union},
	organization = {American Geophyical Union},
	address = {Washington, D.C.},
	isbn = {0875904092},
	author = {Luther, G W},
	editor = {Wilcock, W S D}
}
@article {Sims2003,
	title = {{Aberrant youth: Chemical and isotopic constraints on the young off-axis lavas of the East Pacific Rise, 9 degrees -10 degrees N}},
	journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
	volume = {4},
	number = {10},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {Article no. 8621},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {1525-2027},
	doi = {10.1029/2002GC000443},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2002GC000443},
	author = {Sims, K W W and Blichert-Toft, J and Fornari, D J and Perfit, M R and Goldstein, S J and Johnson, P and DePaolo, D J and Hart, S R and Murrell, M T and Michael, P J and Layne, G D and Ball, L A}
}
@article {Seewald2003,
	title = {{Aqueous volatiles in hydrothermal fluids from the Main Endeavour Field, northern Juan de Fuca ridge: Temporal variability following earthquake activity}},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {216},
	number = {4},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {575{\textendash}590},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0012-821X},
	doi = {10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00543-0},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00543-0},
	author = {Seewald, J S and Cruse, A M and Saccocia, P J}
}
@article {Little2003,
	title = {{Are hydrothermal vent animals living fossils?}},
	journal = {Trends in Ecology and Evolution},
	volume = {18},
	number = {11},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {582{\textendash}588},
	issn = {0169-5347},
	doi = {10.1016/j.tree.2003.08.009},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2003.08.009},
	author = {Little, C T S and Vrijenhoek, R C}
}
@article {Carney2002,
	title = {{AFLP analyses of genomic DNA reveal no differentiation between two phenotypes of the vestimentiferan tubeworm Ridgeia piscesae}},
	journal = {Cahiers de Biologie Marine},
	volume = {43},
	number = {3-4},
	year = {2002},
	pages = {363{\textendash}366},
	issn = {0007-9723},
	author = {Carney, S L and Peoples, J R and Fisher, C R and Schaeffer, S W}
}
@article {Pruis2002,
	title = {{Age dependent porosity of young upper oceanic crust: Insights from seafloor gravity studies of recent volcanic eruptions}},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {29},
	number = {5},
	year = {2002},
	pages = {1076},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle), ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1029/2001GL013977},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001GL013977},
	author = {Pruis, M J and Johnson, H P}
}
@article {White2002a,
	title = {{Ambient light emission from hydrothermal vents on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge}},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {29},
	number = {15},
	year = {2002},
	pages = {Article no 1744},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1029/2002GL014977},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2002GL014977},
	author = {White, S N and Chave, A D and Reynolds, G T and Van Dover, C L}
}
@book {Fornari2001,
	title = {{AHA-NEMO2: Shipboard data web site compiled during R/V Melville NEMO Expedition, Leg 2, May, 2000}},
	volume = {2005},
	year = {2001},
	keywords = {ROV Argo (Remotely Operated Vehicle), ROV DSL-120 (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	url = {http://science.whoi.edu/ahanemo2},
	author = {Fornari, D J and Perfit, M R and Tolstoy, M and Haymon, R and Schreirer, D S and Johnson, P and Kurras, G and White, S and Getsiv, J and Party, Shipboard Scientific and Technical}
}
@inbook {Vetriani2001,
	title = {{Archaea, Origin of}},
	booktitle = {Encyclopedia of biodiversity},
	volume = {1},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {219{\textendash}230},
	publisher = {Academic Press},
	organization = {Academic Press},
	address = {San Diego, Calif.},
	isbn = {0122268652},
	author = {Vetriani, C},
	editor = {Levin, S}
}
@article {Nelson2000,
	title = {{Absence of cospeciation in deep-sea vestimentiferan tubeworms and their bacterial symbionts}},
	journal = {Symbiosis},
	volume = {28},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {1{\textendash}15},
	author = {Nelson, K and Fisher, C R}
}
@inbook {Freitag2000,
	title = {{Acoustic communication in very shallow water: results from the1999 AUV Fest}},
	booktitle = {Oceans 2000 MTS/IEEE: where marine science and technology meet},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {2155{\textendash}2160},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	address = {Piscataway, N.J.},
	isbn = {0-7803-6551-8},
	doi = {10.1109/OCEANS.2000.882253},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2000.882253},
	author = {Freitag, L and Grund, M and Singh, S and Johnson, M}
}
@inbook {Singh2000b,
	title = {{Advances in fusion of high resolution underwater optical and acoustic data}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2000 International Symposium on Underwater Technology, Tokyo, Japan, May 23-26, 2000},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {206{\textendash}211},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	address = {Piscatway, N.J.},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	isbn = {0-7803-6378-7},
	doi = {10.1109/UT.2000.852544},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/UT.2000.852544},
	author = {Singh, H and Roman, C and Whitcomb, L and Yoerger, D R}
}
@inbook {Whitcomb2000,
	title = {{Advances in underwater robot vehicles for deep ocean exploration: Navigation, control, and survey operations}},
	booktitle = {Robotics research: the Ninth International Symposium},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {1{\textendash}9},
	publisher = {Springer},
	organization = {Springer},
	address = {New York},
	keywords = {ROV Argo (Remotely Operated Vehicle), ROV DSL-120 (Remotely Operated Vehicle), ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	isbn = {1-85233-292-1},
	author = {Whitcomb, L and Yoerger, D R and Singh, H and Howland, J},
	editor = {Hollerbach, J M}
}
@article {Taillefert2000,
	title = {{The application of electrochemical tools for in situ measurements in aquatic systems}},
	journal = {Electroanalysis},
	volume = {12},
	number = {6},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {401{\textendash}412},
	issn = {1521-4109},
	doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1521-4109(20000401)12:6<401::AID-ELAN401>3.3.CO;2-L},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1521-4109(20000401)12:6{\%}3C401::AID-ELAN401{\%}3E3.3.CO 2-L},
	author = {Taillefert, M and Luther, G W and Nuzzio, D B}
}
@inbook {Vetriani2000,
	title = {{Archaea}},
	booktitle = {Encyclopedia of microbiology},
	volume = {1},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {319{\textendash}331},
	publisher = {Academic Press},
	organization = {Academic Press},
	address = {San Diego, Calif.},
	isbn = {0122268008},
	author = {Vetriani, C and Reysenbach, A -L},
	editor = {Lederberg, L}
}
@inbook {Williams2000,
	title = {{Autonomous underwater simultaneous localisation and map building}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings: 2000 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation April 24-28, 2000, San Francisco Hilton Hotel, San Francisco, California},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {1793{\textendash}1798},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	address = {Piscataway, N.J.},
	isbn = {0-7803-5886-4},
	doi = {10.1109/ROBOT.2000.844855},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ROBOT.2000.844855},
	author = {Williams, S and Newman, B and Dissanayake, P and Gamini, D W}
}
@article {Bright2000,
	title = {{An autoradiographic examination of carbon fixation, transfer and utilization in the Riftia pachyptila symbiosis}},
	journal = {Marine Biology},
	volume = {136},
	number = {4},
	year = {2000},
	month = {may},
	pages = {621{\textendash}632},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0025-3162},
	doi = {10.1007/s002270050722},
	author = {Bright, M and Keckeis, H and Fisher, C R}
}
@mastersthesis {Snow1999,
	title = {{Advances in grasping and vehicle contact identification : analysis, design and testing of robust methods for underwater robot manipulation}},
	volume = {Ph.D.},
	year = {1999},
	pages = {228},
	school = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	type = {phd},
	address = {Cambridge, MA and Woods Hole, MA},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	doi = {10.1575/1912/4695},
	url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1912/4695},
	author = {Snow, E R}
}
@inbook {Xu1999,
	title = {{Automatic optical station keeping and navigation of an ROV; sea trial experiments}},
	booktitle = {Oceans {\textquoteright}99 MTS/IEEE: Riding the crest into the 21st century},
	volume = {1},
	year = {1999},
	pages = {71{\textendash}76},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	address = {Piscataway, N.J.},
	isbn = {0-7803-5629-2},
	doi = {10.1109/OCEANS.1999.799709},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1999.799709},
	author = {Xu, X and Negahdaripour, S}
}
@inbook {Lalou1998,
	title = {{Age of sub-bottom sulfide samples at the TAG active mound}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results},
	number = {158},
	year = {1998},
	pages = {111{\textendash}117},
	publisher = {Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A{\&}M University},
	organization = {Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A{\&}M University},
	address = {College Station, Tex.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	isbn = {0884-5891},
	doi = {10.2973/odp.proc.sr.158.214.1998},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.sr.158.214.1998},
	author = {Lalou, C and Reyss, J L and Brichet, E},
	editor = {Riegel, R N}
}
@article {Matsubayashi1998,
	title = {{Array observation of seabottom temperature at a diffusive hydrothermal area within DESMOS Caldera in Manus Basin}},
	journal = {JAMSTEC Journal of Deep Sea Research},
	number = {14},
	year = {1998},
	pages = {117{\textendash}126},
	issn = {1340-7848},
	url = {http://docsrv.godac.jp/MSV2{\_}DATA/23/14{\_}11.pdf},
	author = {Matsubayashi, O and Nishimura, K and Kinoshita, M and Urabe, T}
}
@book {Davis1998,
	title = {{Automated analysis of zooplankton size and taxonomic composition}},
	year = {1998},
	publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Instutution},
	organization = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Instutution},
	address = {Woods Hole, Mass.},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	url = {http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA348771},
	author = {Davis, C S and Gallager, S M and Stewart, K}
}
@article {Fornari1998a,
	title = {{Axial summit trough of the east Pacific Rise 9 degrees -10 degrees N: geological characteristics and evolution of the axial zone on fast spreading mid-ocean ridges}},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
	volume = {103},
	number = {B5},
	year = {1998},
	pages = {9827{\textendash}9855},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle), ROV Argo (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {0148-0227},
	doi = {10.1029/98JB00028},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/98JB00028},
	author = {Fornari, D J and Haymon, R M and Perfit, M R and Gregg, T K P and Edwards, M H}
}
@article {Bellan-Santini1996,
	title = {{Amphipoda of the hydrothermal vents along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge}},
	journal = {Journal of Natural History},
	volume = {30},
	number = {5},
	year = {1996},
	pages = {685{\textendash}702},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0022-2933},
	doi = {10.1080/00222939600770381},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222939600770381},
	author = {Bellan-Santini, D and Thurston, M H}
}
@book {Fornari1995a,
	title = {{Alvin - Atlantis II near-bottom gravity cruise (131-12) : April 11-24, 1994, Manzanillo, MX - Manzanillo, MX}},
	series = {WHOI unnumbered reports},
	year = {1995},
	pages = {var.},
	publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	organization = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	address = {Woods Hole, Mass.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	author = {Fornari, D J and Cochran, J R and Coakley, B J and Herr, R and Gregg, T K P and Tivey, M A}
}
@article {Tivey1995b,
	title = {{Alvin magnetic survey of zero-age crust: CoAxial segment eruption, Juan de Fuca Ridge}},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {22},
	number = {2},
	year = {1995},
	pages = {171{\textendash}174},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1029/94GL02081},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/94GL02081},
	author = {Tivey, M A and Johnson, H P}
}
@article {Childress1995b,
	title = {{Are there physiological and biochemical adaptations of metabolism in deep-sea animals?}},
	journal = {Trends in Ecology and Evolution},
	volume = {10},
	number = {1},
	year = {1995},
	pages = {30{\textendash}36},
	issn = {0169-5347},
	doi = {10.1016/S0169-5347(00)88957-0},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-5347(00)88957-0},
	author = {Childress, J J}
}
@article {Lee1995,
	title = {{Assimilation of inorganic nitrogen by seep mytilid 1a, an undescribed deep-sea mussel containing methanotrophic endosymbionts: fate of assimilated nitrogen and the relation between methane and nitrogen assimilation}},
	journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series},
	volume = {123},
	year = {1995},
	pages = {137{\textendash}148},
	issn = {0171-8630},
	doi = {10.3354/meps123137},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps123137},
	author = {Lee, R W and Childress, J J}
}
@article {Rona1994,
	title = {{Alvin zone of the TAG hydrothermal field, Mid-Atlantic Ridge 26 N, 45 W}},
	journal = {EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
	volume = {75},
	number = {44 (Fall Meet. Suppl.)},
	year = {1994},
	pages = {706},
	issn = {0096-3941},
	author = {Rona, P A and Petersen, S and Hannington, M D and Herzig, P M and Tivey, M A and Kleinrock, M and Humphris, S E and Thompson, G and Lalou, C}
}
@article {Kaartvedt1994,
	title = {{Amphipods on a deep-sea hydrothermal treadmill}},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
	volume = {41},
	number = {1},
	year = {1994},
	pages = {179{\textendash}195},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0967-0637},
	doi = {10.1016/0967-0637(94)90032-9},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0967-0637(94)90032-9},
	author = {Kaartvedt, S and Van Dover, C L and Mullineaux, L S and Wiebe, P H and Bollens, S}
}
@article {Rueter1994,
	title = {{Anaerobic oxidation of hydrocarbons from crude oil by new types of sulfate-reducing bacteria}},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {372},
	number = {6505},
	year = {1994},
	pages = {455{\textendash}459},
	issn = {0028-0836},
	doi = {10.1038/372455a0},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/372455a0},
	author = {Rueter, P and Rabus, R and Wilkes, H and Aekersberg, F and Rainey, F and Jannasch, H W and Widdel, F}
}
@inbook {Bowen1994,
	title = {{The Argo/Jason ROV development program, past and present challenges}},
	booktitle = {Diving for science...1994 : proceedings of the American Academy of Underwater Sciences fourteenth annual scientific diving symposeum, October 5-9, 1994},
	year = {1994},
	publisher = {American Academy of Underwater Sciences},
	organization = {American Academy of Underwater Sciences},
	address = {Costa Mesa, CA},
	keywords = {ROV Argo (Remotely Operated Vehicle), ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	author = {Bowen, A}
}
@article {Lee1994,
	title = {{Assimilation of inorganic nitrogen by marine invertebrates and their chemoautotrophic and methanotrophic symbionts}},
	journal = {Applied and Environmental Microbiology},
	volume = {60},
	number = {6},
	year = {1994},
	pages = {1852{\textendash}1858},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0099-2240},
	url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/picrender.fcgi?artid=201572{\&}blobtype=pdf},
	author = {Lee, R W and Childress, J J}
}
@article {Rona1993,
	title = {{Active and relict sea-floor hydorthermal mineralization at the TAG hydrothermal field, Mid-Atlantic Ridge}},
	journal = {Economic Geology},
	volume = {88},
	number = {8},
	year = {1993},
	pages = {1989{\textendash}2017},
	issn = {0361-0128},
	doi = {10.2113/gsecongeo.88.8.1989},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.88.8.1989},
	author = {Rona, P A and Hannington, M D and Raman, C V and Thompson, G and Tivey, M K and Humphris, S E and Lalou, C and Petersen, S}
}
@article {Hoaki1993,
	title = {{Amino acid requirements of two hyperthermophilic Archaeal isolates from deep sea vents: Desulfurococcus strain SY and Pyrococcus strain GB-D}},
	journal = {Applied and Environmental Microbiology},
	volume = {59},
	number = {2},
	year = {1993},
	pages = {610{\textendash}613},
	issn = {0099-2240},
	url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/picrender.fcgi?artid=202153{\&}blobtype=pdf},
	author = {Hoaki, T and Wirsen, C O and Hanzawa, S and Maruyama, T and Jannasch, H W}
}
@article {Goetz1993,
	title = {{Aromatic hydrocarbon degrading bacteria in the petroleum-rich sediments of the Guaymas Basin hydrothermal vent site: Preference for aromatic hydroxylic acids}},
	journal = {Geomicrobiology Journal},
	volume = {11},
	number = {1},
	year = {1993},
	pages = {1{\textendash}18},
	issn = {0149-0451},
	author = {Goetz, F E and Jannasch, H W}
}
@inbook {Karson1992,
	title = {{Along-Axis Variations in Tectonic Extension and Accommodation Zones in the MARK Area, Mid-Atlantic Ridge 23N Latitude}},
	booktitle = {Ophiolites and Their Modern Oceanic Analogues},
	series = {Special Publication},
	number = {60},
	year = {1992},
	pages = {107{\textendash}116},
	publisher = {Geological Society},
	organization = {Geological Society},
	address = {London},
	isbn = {0-903317-69-9},
	author = {Karson, J A and Winters, A T},
	editor = {Parson, L M}
}
@article {Hey1992,
	title = {{Alvin investigation of an active propagating rift system, Galapagos 95.5 degrees west}},
	journal = {Marine Geophysical Researches},
	volume = {14},
	number = {3},
	year = {1992},
	pages = {207{\textendash}226},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0025-3235},
	doi = {10.1007/BF01270630},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01270630},
	author = {Hey, R N and Sinton, J M and Kleinrock, M C and Yonover, R N and Macdonald, K C and Miller, S P and Searle, R C and Christie, D M and Atwater, T M and Sleep, N H and Johnson, H P and Neal, C A}
}
@article {Lee1992,
	title = {{Ammonium and free amino acids as nitrogen sourcess for the chemoautotrophic clam symbiosis Solemya reidi Bernard (Bivalvia : Protobranchiata)}},
	journal = {Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology},
	volume = {158},
	number = {1},
	year = {1992},
	pages = {75{\textendash}91},
	issn = {0022-0981},
	doi = {10.1016/0022-0981(92)90309-X},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(92)90309-X},
	author = {Lee, R W and Thuesen, E V and Childress, J J}
}
@article {Chevaldonne1992,
	title = {{... And some even hotter}},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {359},
	number = {6396},
	year = {1992},
	pages = {593{\textendash}594},
	issn = {0028-0836},
	doi = {10.1038/359593b0},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/359593b0},
	author = {Chevaldonne, P and Desbruyeres, D and Childress, J J}
}
@article {Yoerger1992,
	title = {{Autonomous benthic explorer - deep ocean scientific AUV for seafloor exploration: untethered, on station one year without support ship}},
	journal = {Sea Technology},
	volume = {33},
	number = {1},
	year = {1992},
	pages = {50{\textendash}54},
	keywords = {AUV ABE (Autonomous Benthic Explorer)},
	issn = {0093-3651},
	author = {Yoerger, D R and Bradley, A M and Walden, B B}
}
@inbook {Karson1991,
	title = {{Accommodation zones and transfer faults: Integral components of Mid-Atlantic Ridge extensional systems}},
	booktitle = {Ophiolite genesis and evolution of the oceanic lithosphere: Proceedings of the Ophiolite Conference: held in Muscat, 7-18 January 1990},
	series = {Petrology and structural geology},
	number = {5},
	year = {1991},
	pages = {21{\textendash}37},
	publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
	organization = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
	address = {Boston},
	isbn = {0-7923-1176-0},
	author = {Karson, J A},
	editor = {Peters, Tj}
}
@book {Stachiw1991,
	title = {{Acrylic Windows - Typical Applications in Pressure Housings}},
	series = {Ocean Engineering Studies},
	volume = {6},
	year = {1991},
	pages = {270},
	publisher = {Naval Ocean Systems Center},
	organization = {Naval Ocean Systems Center},
	address = {San Diego, Calif.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	url = {http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA246303},
	author = {Stachiw, J D}
}
@article {Haymon1991,
	title = {{Active eruption seen on East Pacific Rise}},
	journal = {EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
	volume = {72},
	number = {46},
	year = {1991},
	pages = {505,507},
	issn = {0096-3941},
	doi = {10.1029/90EO00362},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/90EO00362},
	author = {Haymon, R M and Carbotte, S and Wright, D and Beedle, N and Johnson, F and Fornari, D J and Von Damm, K L and Grebmeier, J and Lilley, M and McLaughlin, E and Olson, E and Edmond, J and Perfit, M R and Smith, M and Shanks, W C and Lutz, R and Seewald, J S and Reudelhuber, D}
}
@inbook {Yoerger1991c,
	title = {{Adaptive sliding control of an experimental underwater vehicle}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings: 1991 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, April 9-11, 1991, Sacramento, Calif.},
	volume = {3},
	year = {1991},
	pages = {2746{\textendash}2751},
	publisher = {IEEE Computer Society Press},
	organization = {IEEE Computer Society Press},
	address = {Los Alamitos, Calif.},
	isbn = {0-8186-2163-X},
	doi = {10.1109/ROBOT.1991.132047},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ROBOT.1991.132047},
	author = {Yoerger, D R and Slotine, J E}
}
@inbook {Ballard1991,
	title = {{Argo/Jason: A remotely operated survey and sampling system for full-ocean depth}},
	booktitle = {Oceans {\textquoteright}91: Proceedings, October 1-3, 1991, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA : Ocean Technologies and Opportunities in the Pacific for the 90{\textquoteright}s},
	volume = {1},
	year = {1991},
	pages = {71{\textendash}75},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	address = {New York},
	keywords = {ROV Argo (Remotely Operated Vehicle), ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	isbn = {0-7803-0202-8},
	doi = {10.1109/OCEANS.1991.613909},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1991.613909},
	author = {Ballard, R D and Yoerger, D R and Stewart, W K and Bowen, A}
}
@article {Renosto1991,
	title = {{ATP sulfurylase from trophosome tissue of Riftia pachyptila (hydrothermal vent tube worm)}},
	journal = {Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics},
	volume = {290},
	number = {1},
	year = {1991},
	pages = {66{\textendash}78},
	issn = {0003-9361},
	doi = {10.1016/0003-9861(91)90592-7},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-9861(91)90592-7},
	author = {Renosto, F and Martin, R L and Borrell, J L and Nelson, D C and Segel, I H}
}
@article {Anderson1990,
	title = {{Aerobic metabolism is maintained in animal tissues during rapid sulphide oxidation activity in the symbiont-containing clam Solemya reidi}},
	journal = {Journal of Experimental Zoology},
	volume = {256},
	number = {2},
	year = {1990},
	pages = {130{\textendash}134},
	abstract = {Solemya reidi is a gutless clam that contains intracellular, symbiotic sulfur-oxidizing chemoautotrophic bacteria in its gills. It lives in burrows in highly reducing muds rich in sulfide, a compound toxic at low levels to aerobic respiration. In these habitats there is wide variation in levels of O2 and sulfide, both of which are metabolic requirements for this symbiosis. In order to assess whether the animal tissues utilize aerobic or anaerobic ATP-generating pathways in the presence of sulfide, and to determine the sulfide concentrations that might induce a shift to anaerobiosis, clams were incubated in varying levels of sulfide and oxygen. Symbiont-free foot tissues from clams incubated in various levels of sulfide (50{\textendash}500 $μ$M) were analyzed for a common substrate (aspartate) and product (succinate) of invertebrate anaerobic metabolism. The concentrations of these metabolites were compared with those found in tissues of aerobic and anaerobic controls. Aerobic metabolism was maintained in animal tissues in the presence of up to 100 $μ$M sulfide, levels at which maximum autotrophy has been previously reported; however, at higher concentrations, where inhibition of autotrophy has been reported, the onset of anaerobic pathways was evident. This use of anaerobic pathways was not due to the absence of O2, the classical definition of anaerobiosis, but rather to the inhibitory effect of sulfide on aerobic metabolism. The metabolic flexibility of this species in regard to energy metabolism is clearly advantageous living as it does at the interface between a highly oxic environment and an anoxic, highly reducing one.},
	issn = {1097-010X},
	doi = {10.1002/jez.1402560203},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jez.1402560203},
	author = {Anderson, A E and Felbeck, H and Childress, J J}
}
@article {Smith1990a,
	title = {{Afterlife of a whale}},
	journal = {Discover},
	volume = {11},
	number = {2},
	year = {1990},
	pages = {46{\textendash}49},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0274-7529},
	author = {Smith, S}
}
@article {Taylor1990,
	title = {{Alvin-Seabeam studies of the Sumisu Rift, Izu-Bonin Arc}},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {100},
	number = {1-3},
	year = {1990},
	pages = {127{\textendash}147},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0012-821X},
	doi = {10.1016/0012-821X(90)90181-V},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(90)90181-V},
	author = {Taylor, B and Brown, G and Fryer, P and Gill, J B and Hochstaedter, A G and Hotta, H and Langmuir, C H and Leinen, M and Nishimura, A and Urabe, T}
}
@inbook {Yoerger1990b,
	title = {{The application of supervisory control to underwater telerobots}},
	booktitle = {Robotics, Control, and Society: Essays in Honor of Thomas B. Sheridan},
	year = {1990},
	pages = {48{\textendash}59},
	publisher = {Taylor and Francis},
	organization = {Taylor and Francis},
	address = {New York},
	isbn = {0-8506-6850-6},
	author = {Yoerger, D R},
	editor = {Moray, N}
}
@inbook {Fiala-Medioni1990a,
	title = {{Autotrophic processes in invertebrate nutrition: Bacterial symbiosis in bivalve molluscs}},
	booktitle = {Animal Nutrition and Transport Processes: V.1, Nutrition in Wild and Domestic Animals},
	series = {Comparative Physiology},
	number = {5},
	year = {1990},
	pages = {49{\textendash}69},
	publisher = {Karger},
	organization = {Karger},
	address = {New York},
	isbn = {3-80555-157-6},
	author = {Fiala-Medioni, A and Felbeck, H},
	editor = {Mellinger, J}
}
@article {Johnson1990,
	title = {{Axial Seamount - An active ridge-axis volcano on the central Juan de Fuca Ridge}},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
	volume = {95},
	number = {B8},
	year = {1990},
	pages = {12,612{\textendash}689,696},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0148-0227},
	doi = {10.1029/JB095iB08p12689},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/JB095iB08p12689},
	author = {Johnson, H P and Embley, R W}
}
@inbook {Stewart1989a,
	title = {{Acoustic imaging processing and AI Modeling}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings: EEZ resources, technology assessment conference : January 22-26, 1989, Honolulu, Hawaii USA},
	year = {1989},
	pages = {1{\textendash}7},
	publisher = {College of Engineering, University of Hawaii},
	organization = {College of Engineering, University of Hawaii},
	address = {Honolulu},
	author = {Stewart, W K}
}
@article {Fisher1989,
	title = {{Autotrophic carbon assimilation by the chemoautotrophic symbionts of Riftia pachyptila}},
	journal = {Biological Bulletin},
	volume = {177},
	number = {3},
	year = {1989},
	pages = {372{\textendash}385},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0006-3185},
	url = {http://www.biolbull.org/cgi/reprint/177/3/372},
	author = {Fisher, C R and Childress, J J and Minnich, E}
}
@article {Uchupi1988,
	title = {{An Angus/Argo study of the neovolcanic zone along the East Pacific rise from the Clipperton fracture zone to 12 degrees N}},
	journal = {Geo-Marine Letters},
	volume = {8},
	number = {3},
	year = {1988},
	pages = {131{\textendash}138},
	keywords = {ROV Argo (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {0276-0460},
	doi = {10.1007/BF02326089},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02326089},
	author = {Uchupi, E and Schwab, W C and Ballard, R D and Francheteau, J F and Hekinian, R and Blackman, D K and Sigurdsson, H}
}
@article {Fox1988,
	title = {{Automated display and statistical analysis of interpreted deep-sea bottom photographs}},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {78},
	number = {3-4},
	year = {1988},
	pages = {199{\textendash}216},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0025-3227},
	doi = {10.1016/0025-3227(88)90109-0},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(88)90109-0},
	author = {Fox, C G and Murphy, K M and Embley, R W}
}
@article {Karson1987,
	title = {{Along-axis variations in seafloor spreading in the MARK area}},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {328},
	number = {6132},
	year = {1987},
	pages = {681{\textendash}685},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0028-0836},
	doi = {10.1038/328681a0},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/328681a0},
	author = {Karson, J A and Thompson, G and Humphris, S E and Edmond, J M and Bryan, W B and Brown, J R and Winters, A T and Pockalny, R A and Casey, J F and Campbell, A C and Klinkhammer, G and Palmer, M R and Kinzler, R J and Sulanowska, M M}
}
@inbook {Hosom1987,
	title = {{Alvin {\textendash} 120 VDC/28 VDC electrical system}},
	booktitle = {Oceans {\textquoteright}87 Proceedings: The ocean, an international workplace; Halifax, N.S. (Canada), 28 Sep-1 Oct 1987},
	volume = {3},
	year = {1987},
	pages = {1272{\textendash}1277},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	address = {New York, N.Y.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	doi = {10.1109/OCEANS.1987.1160638},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1987.1160638},
	author = {Hosom, D S and Forrester, N C and Walden, B B}
}
@article {Palmer1986,
	title = {{Acoustic imaging of high-temperature hydrothermal plumes at seafloor spreading centers}},
	journal = {Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
	volume = {80},
	number = {3},
	year = {1986},
	pages = {888{\textendash}898},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0001-4966},
	doi = {10.1121/1.393912},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.393912},
	author = {Palmer, D R and Rona, P A and Mottl, M J}
}
@article {Wirsen1986,
	title = {{Activities of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria at the 21 degrees N East Pacific Rise vent site}},
	journal = {Marine Biology},
	volume = {92},
	number = {4},
	year = {1986},
	pages = {449{\textendash}456},
	issn = {0025-3162},
	doi = {10.1007/BF00392504},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00392504},
	author = {Wirsen, C O and Tuttle, J H and Jannasch, H W}
}
@book {Brewer1986,
	title = {{Alvin {\textquoteright}86: A Report on the Program{\textquoteright}s Status, Special Alvin Study Committee}},
	year = {1986},
	pages = {40},
	publisher = {University-National Oceanographic Laboratory System (UNOLS)},
	organization = {University-National Oceanographic Laboratory System (UNOLS)},
	address = {Alexandria, Va.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	author = {Brewer, P G}
}
@mastersthesis {Asper1985,
	title = {{Accelerated settling of particulate matter by {\textquoteright}marine snow{\textquoteright} aggregates}},
	volume = {Ph.D.},
	year = {1985},
	pages = {189},
	school = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	type = {phd},
	address = {Cambridge, MA and Woods Hole, MA},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	doi = {10.1575/1912/3367},
	url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1912/3367},
	author = {Asper, V L}
}
@book {Akens1985,
	title = {{The Alvin upstream collector}},
	series = {WHOI technical memoranda},
	year = {1985},
	pages = {49},
	publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	organization = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	address = {Woods Hole, Mass.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	author = {Akens, J J}
}
@mastersthesis {Fisher1985,
	title = {{Aspects of the symbiosis between some marine microbes and their invertebrate hosts (Zeozanthellae, Riftia, Tridacna)}},
	volume = {Ph.D.},
	year = {1985},
	pages = {102},
	school = {University of California, Santa Barbara},
	type = {phd},
	address = {Santa Barbara, Calif.},
	author = {Fisher, C R}
}
@inbook {Stewart1984,
	title = {{An advanced observation and inspection ROV for 6,000 meter operations}},
	booktitle = {Remotely Operated Vehicles: ROV {\textquoteright}84 Technology Update, an International Perspective : May 14-18, 1984, Town and Country Hotel, San Diego, California},
	year = {1984},
	pages = {233{\textendash}239},
	publisher = {Marine Technology Society},
	organization = {Marine Technology Society},
	address = {San Diego, Calif.},
	author = {Stewart, J B}
}
@article {761,
	title = {{Alvin moves to a new berth}},
	journal = {Science News},
	volume = {125},
	number = {Feb. 25},
	year = {1984},
	pages = {125},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0036-8423}
}
@article {Stetten1984,
	title = {{Alvin{\textquoteright}s memory}},
	journal = {Oceanus},
	volume = {27},
	number = {3},
	year = {1984},
	pages = {44{\textendash}46},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0029-8182},
	author = {Stetten, G D}
}
@article {Grassle1984,
	title = {{Animals in the soft sediment near the hydrothermal vents}},
	journal = {Oceanus},
	volume = {27},
	number = {3},
	year = {1984},
	pages = {63{\textendash}66},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0029-8182},
	author = {Grassle, J F}
}
@inbook {Walden1984,
	title = {{Atlantis II: A new support ship for Alvin}},
	booktitle = {Oceans {\textquoteright}84: Conference Record: Industry, Government, Education {\textendash} Designs for the Future : Washington, D.C., September 10-12, 1984},
	volume = {2},
	year = {1984},
	pages = {617{\textendash}622},
	publisher = {Marine Technology Society},
	organization = {Marine Technology Society},
	address = {Washington, D.C.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	doi = {10.1109/OCEANS.1984.1152304},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1984.1152304},
	author = {Walden, B and Sharp, A G}
}
@inbook {Colombo1983,
	title = {{Analysis and evaluation of a radioactive waste package retrieved from the Atlantic Ocean}},
	booktitle = {Radioactive Wastes and the Ocean},
	series = {Wastes in the Ocean},
	number = {3},
	year = {1983},
	pages = {237{\textendash}268},
	publisher = {Wiley},
	organization = {Wiley},
	address = {New York, N.Y.},
	isbn = {0471097705},
	author = {Colombo, P and Neilson, R H and Kendig, M W},
	editor = {Park, P K}
}
@article {Lagabrielle1982,
	title = {{Active in situ disaggregation of oceanic crust and mantle on Gorringe Bank: analogy with ophiolitic massives}},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {297},
	number = {5866},
	year = {1982},
	pages = {490{\textendash}493},
	issn = {0028-0836},
	doi = {10.1038/297490a0},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/297490a0},
	author = {Lagabrielle, Y and Auzende, J M}
}
@article {Lalou1982,
	title = {{Ages and implications of East Pacific Rise sulphide deposits at 21 degrees N}},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {300},
	number = {5888},
	year = {1982},
	pages = {169{\textendash}171},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0028-0836},
	doi = {10.1038/300169a0},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/300169a0},
	author = {Lalou, C and Brichet, E}
}
@article {Canale-Parola1982,
	title = {{An anaerobic spirochaete from deep sea hydrothermal vents}},
	journal = {Applied and Environmental Microbiology},
	volume = {44},
	number = {1},
	year = {1982},
	pages = {234{\textendash}237},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0099-2240},
	url = {http://aem.asm.org/cgi/content/abstract/44/1/234},
	author = {Canale-Parola, E and Harwood, C S and Jannasch, H W}
}
@article {Ballard1982a,
	title = {{Argo and Jason}},
	journal = {Oceanus},
	volume = {25},
	number = {1},
	year = {1982},
	pages = {30{\textendash}35},
	keywords = {ROV Argo (Remotely Operated Vehicle), ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {0029-8182},
	author = {Ballard, R D}
}
@article {Jannasch1980,
	title = {{An approach for in situ studies of deep-sea amphipods and their microbial gut flora}},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers},
	volume = {27},
	number = {10},
	year = {1980},
	pages = {867{\textendash}872},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0198-0149},
	doi = {10.1016/0198-0149(80)90050-3},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(80)90050-3},
	author = {Jannasch, H W and Cuhel, R L and Wirsen, C O and Taylor, C D}
}
@article {Sulak1977,
	title = {{Alvin: Window in the deep}},
	journal = {Sea Frontiers},
	volume = {23},
	number = {2},
	year = {1977},
	pages = {113{\textendash}119},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0897-2249},
	author = {Sulak, K J}
}
@article {Marshall1976,
	title = {{Alvin noses nuclear garbage from ocean depths}},
	journal = {Nuclear Engineering International},
	volume = {21},
	number = {248},
	year = {1976},
	pages = {31{\textendash}32},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0029-5507},
	author = {Marshall, P}
}
@article {1709,
	title = {{Alvin participates in retrieval of radioactive waste containers}},
	journal = {Woods Hole Notes},
	volume = {8},
	number = {3},
	year = {1976},
	pages = {3},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {1041-8970}
}
@book {Sharp1976b,
	title = {{Alvin titanium electrical penetrator design, manufacture and testing: Interim report}},
	series = {WHOI technical memoranda},
	year = {1976},
	pages = {68},
	publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	organization = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	address = {Woods Hole, Mass.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	doi = {10.1575/1912/4338},
	url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1912/4338},
	author = {Sharp, A G and Walden, B B and Hosom, D S}
}
@book {Bland1976,
	title = {{Alvin users manual}},
	series = {WHOI technical memoranda},
	year = {1976},
	pages = {36},
	publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	organization = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	address = {Woods Hole, Mass.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	author = {Bland, E L and Donnelly, J D and Shumaker, L A}
}
@inbook {Ballard1976,
	title = {{Application of deepwater mapping techniques in specific geologic programs project FAMOUS Cayman Trench}},
	booktitle = {Oceans {\textquoteright}76: Second Annual Combined Conference, September 13-15, 1976, Sheraton Park Hotel, Washington, D.C.},
	year = {1976},
	pages = {87},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	address = {New York, N.Y.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	doi = {10.1109/OCEANS.1976.1154241},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1976.1154241},
	author = {Ballard, R D}
}
@book {Hosom1975b,
	title = {{Alvin battery charging procedures}},
	series = {WHOI technical memoranda},
	year = {1975},
	pages = {20},
	publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	organization = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	address = {Woods Hole, Mass.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	author = {Hosom, D S and Donnelly, J D and Page, W F}
}
@book {Hosom1975,
	title = {{Alvin gyrocompass performance report: 5 June 1974 to 15 September 1974}},
	series = {WHOI technical memoranda},
	year = {1975},
	pages = {22},
	publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	organization = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	address = {Woods Hole, Mass.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	author = {Hosom, D S and Donnelly, J D}
}
@book {Shumaker1975,
	title = {{Alvin operators manual}},
	series = {WHOI technical memoranda},
	year = {1975},
	pages = {48},
	publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	organization = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	address = {Woods Hole, Mass.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	author = {Shumaker, L A}
}
@book {Davis1975,
	title = {{ARPA rock drill report}},
	series = {WHOI technical reports},
	volume = {75-28},
	year = {1975},
	pages = {29},
	publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	organization = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	address = {Woods Hole, Mass.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	author = {Davis, R E and Williams, D L and Von Herzen, R P}
}
@book {Isett1973,
	title = {{Acceptance tests for the prototype titanium alloy for Alvin - an interim report}},
	series = {Naval Ship Research and Development Center (NSRDC) Report},
	year = {1973},
	publisher = {Naval Ship Research and Development Center},
	organization = {Naval Ship Research and Development Center},
	address = {Berhesda, Md.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	author = {Isett, F L}
}
@article {Jannasch1972,
	title = {{Alvin and the sandwich}},
	journal = {Oceanus},
	volume = {16},
	year = {1972},
	pages = {20{\textendash}22},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0029-8182},
	author = {Jannasch, H W and Wirsen, C O}
}
@book {Schneider1972,
	title = {{Alvin sea-water variable ballast system operation and maintenance manual}},
	series = {Naval Ship Research and Development Center (NSRDC) Report},
	year = {1972},
	publisher = {Naval Ship Research and Development Center},
	organization = {Naval Ship Research and Development Center},
	address = {Bethesda, Md.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	author = {Schneider, W E and Lebowitz, R K and Sasse, J A and McPherson, S E}
}
@article {1352,
	title = {{Aluminaut and her crew were simply fantastic}},
	journal = {Ocean Science News},
	volume = {11},
	number = {36},
	year = {1969},
	pages = {1{\textendash}3},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0029-8069}
}
@article {1811,
	title = {{Alvin recovery postponed by rough Atlantic weather}},
	journal = {Ocean Industry},
	volume = {4},
	number = {1},
	year = {1969},
	pages = {26},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0029-8026}
}
@article {2353,
	title = {{Alvin retrieved in 5,000 ft. of water}},
	journal = {Ocean Industry},
	volume = {4},
	number = {10},
	year = {1969},
	pages = {44{\textendash}45},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0029-8026}
}
@article {217,
	title = {{Alvin salvage important to deep sea exploration}},
	journal = {National Fisherman},
	volume = {49},
	number = {12},
	year = {1969},
	pages = {4{\textendash}A},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0027-9250}
}
@article {1883,
	title = {{Alvin sub looks good at recovery}},
	journal = {Seascope},
	volume = {2},
	number = {40},
	year = {1969},
	pages = {1},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)}
}
@book {Rainnie1968b,
	title = {{Adventures of Alvin}},
	series = {WHOI technical reports},
	volume = {69-48},
	year = {1968},
	pages = {var. p.},
	publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	organization = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	address = {Woods Hole, Mass.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	author = {Rainnie, W O}
}
@article {Rainnie1968a,
	title = {{Adventures of Alvin}},
	journal = {Ocean Industry},
	volume = {3},
	number = {5},
	year = {1968},
	pages = {22{\textendash}28},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0029-8026},
	author = {Rainnie, W O}
}
@article {1708,
	title = {{Alvin extracts hard-rock core at 1,246-foot depth}},
	journal = {Ocean Industry},
	volume = {3},
	number = {10},
	year = {1968},
	pages = {18},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0029-8026}
}
@book {Marquet1968,
	title = {{Alvin instruments}},
	series = {WHOI technical reports},
	volume = {68-10},
	year = {1968},
	pages = {4},
	publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	organization = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	address = {Woods Hole, Mass.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	author = {Marquet, W M}
}
@book {Milliman1967,
	title = {{Alvin dives on the continental margin off the southeastern United States, July 2-13 1967}},
	series = {WHOI technical reports},
	volume = {67-80},
	year = {1967},
	pages = {64},
	publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	organization = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	address = {Woods Hole, Mass.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	doi = {10.1575/1912/1521},
	url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1912/1521},
	author = {Milliman, J D and Manheim, F T and Pratt, R M and Zarudski, E F K}
}
@inbook {Marquet1967,
	title = {{Alvin instrumentation}},
	booktitle = {1967 NEREM Record},
	year = {1967},
	pages = {196{\textendash}197},
	publisher = {Boston Section of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers},
	organization = {Boston Section of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers},
	address = {Boston, Mass.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	author = {Marquet, W M}
}
@book {Mavor1966a,
	title = {{Alvin, 6000-ft. submergence research vehicle}},
	series = {WHOI technical reports},
	volume = {67-42},
	year = {1966},
	pages = {32},
	publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	organization = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	address = {Woods Hole, Mass.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	author = {Mavor, J W and Froehlich, H E and Marquet, W M and Rainnie, W O}
}
@article {Rainnie1966,
	title = {{Alvin and the bomb}},
	journal = {Oceanus},
	volume = {12},
	number = {4},
	year = {1966},
	pages = {8{\textendash}18},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0029-8182},
	author = {Rainnie, W O}
}
@article {649,
	title = {{Alvin}},
	journal = {Geomarine Technology},
	volume = {1},
	number = {8},
	year = {1965},
	pages = {16{\textendash}18},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0435-4265}
}
@book {2254,
	title = {{Alvin buoyancy material test report, August 28, 1964, and supplement}},
	series = {Report},
	year = {1964},
	publisher = {Litton Systems, Inc., Applied Science Division},
	organization = {Litton Systems, Inc., Applied Science Division},
	address = {Waltham, Mass.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)}
}
@book {682,
	title = {{Alvin high pressure test report}},
	series = {Report},
	year = {1964},
	publisher = {Litton Systems, Inc., Applied Science Division},
	organization = {Litton Systems, Inc., Applied Science Division},
	address = {Waltham, Mass.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)}
}
@book {Briggs1964,
	title = {{Alvin hull penetrator test}},
	series = {Report},
	year = {1964},
	publisher = {Southwest Research Institute},
	organization = {Southwest Research Institute},
	address = {San Antonio, Tex.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	author = {Briggs, E M and DeHart, R C}
}
@article {Walsh1964,
	title = {{Alvin, ocean research submarine}},
	journal = {Mechanical Engineering},
	volume = {86},
	year = {1964},
	pages = {22{\textendash}26},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0025-6501},
	author = {Walsh, J B and Rainnie, W O}
}
@article {Anonal1964,
	title = {{Alvin{\textquoteright}s pressure sphere tested}},
	journal = {Naval Research Reviews},
	volume = {20},
	year = {1964},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0028-145X},
	author = {Anonal, Research}
}
