@article {RN2446,
	title = {Bacterial symbiont subpopulations have different roles in a deep-sea symbiosis},
	journal = {eLife},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {e58371},
	type = {Journal Article},
	doi = {10.7554/elife.58371},
	url = {https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1134365242 https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.58371},
	author = {Hinzke, Tjorven and Kleiner, Manuel and Meister, Mareike and Schl{\"u}ter, Rabea and Hentschker, Christian and Pan{\'e}-Farr{\'e}, Jan and Hildebrandt, Petra and Felbeck, Horst and Sievert, Stefan M. and Bonn, Florian and V{\"o}lker, Uwe and Becher, D{\"o}rte and Schweder, Thomas and Markert, Stephanie}
}
@article {RN2495,
	title = {Beta diversity differs among hydrothermal vent systems: Implications for conservation},
	journal = {PLOS ONE},
	volume = {16},
	number = {8},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {e0256637},
	type = {Journal Article},
	doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0256637},
	url = {https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1140656566 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256637},
	author = {Gigu{\`e}re, Thomas N. and Tunnicliffe, Verena}
}
@article {2494,
	title = {Biodiversity and trophic ecology of hydrothermal vent fauna associated with tubeworm assemblages on the Juan de Fuca Ridge},
	journal = {Biogeosciences},
	volume = {15},
	year = {2018},
	month = {2018},
	pages = {2629 - 2647},
	issn = {1726-4170},
	doi = {10.5194/bg-15-2629-2018},
	author = {Lelievre, Yann and Sarrazin, Jozee and Marticorena, Julien and Schaal, Gauthier and Day, Thomas and Legendre, Pierre and Hourdez, Stephane and Matabos, Marjolaine}
}
@article {ISI:000393587200032,
	title = {{Bringing microbial diversity into focus: high-resolution analysis of iron mats from the Lo{\textquoteright}ihi Seamount}},
	journal = {ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY},
	volume = {19},
	number = {1},
	year = {2017},
	month = {jan},
	pages = {301{\textendash}316},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Thirty kilometers south of the island of Hawaii lies the Lihi Seamount, an active submarine volcano that hosts a network of low-temperature hydrothermal vents enriched in ferrous iron that supports extensive microbial mats. These mats, which can be a half a meter deep, are composed of ferric iron bound to organic polymers - the metabolic byproduct of iron-oxidizing Zetaproteobacteria. Though the role of Zetaproteobacteria in mat formation is well established, we have a limited understanding of how differences in diversity are related to mat morphology. We used Minimum Entropy Decomposition and ZetaOtu classification to demonstrate cryptic diversity between closely related Zetaproteobacteria while showing habitat and geographic specificity. Veiled mats, common structures at Lihi, exhibit distinct community composition and contain diversity not detected in other mat types, including specific Zetaproteobacteria and an unclassified Gammaproteobacteria. Our analyses also indicate that diversity can change dramatically across small spatial transects from points of active venting, yet we found comparatively few differences between major sampling sites. This study provides a better picture of the microbiome responsible for iron mat production at Lihi and has broad implications for our understanding of these globally distributed communities.},
	keywords = {AUV Sentry (Autonomous Underwater Vehicle), ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {1462-2912},
	doi = {10.1111/1462-2920.13607},
	author = {Scott, Jarrod J and Glazer, Brian T and Emerson, David}
}
@article {Gulmann2015,
	title = {{Bacterial diversity and successional patterns during biofilm formation on freshly exposed basalt surfaces at diffuse-flow deep-sea vents}},
	journal = {Frontiers in Microbiology},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {901},
	abstract = {Many deep-sea hydrothermal vent systems are regularly impacted by volcanic eruptions, leaving fresh basalt where abundant animal and microbial communities once thrived. After an eruption, microbial biofilms are often the first visible evidence of biotic re-colonization. The present study is the first to investigate microbial colonization of newly exposed basalt surfaces in the context of vent fluid chemistry over an extended period of time (4{\textendash}293 days) by deploying basalt blocks within an established diffuse-flow vent at the 9{\textdegree}50' N vent field on the East Pacific Rise. Additionally, samples obtained after a recent eruption at the same vent field allowed for comparison between experimental results and those from natural microbial re-colonization. Over 9 months, the community changed from being composed almost exclusively of Epsilonproteobacteria to a more diverse assemblage, corresponding with a potential expansion of metabolic capabilities. The process of biofilm formation appears to generate similar surface-associated communities within and across sites by selecting for a subset of fluid-associated microbes, via species sorting. Furthermore, the high incidence of shared operational taxonomic units over time and across different vent sites suggests that the microbial communities colonizing new surfaces at diffuse-flow vent sites might follow a predictable successional pattern.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2015.00901},
	author = {Gulmann, L K and Beaulieu, S E and Shank, T M and Ding, K and Seyfried, W E and Sievert, S M}
}
@article {ISI:000366233300015,
	title = {{Bathymodiolus growth dynamics in relation to environmental fluctuations in vent habitats}},
	journal = {DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS},
	volume = {106},
	year = {2015},
	month = {dec},
	pages = {183{\textendash}193},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The deep-sea mussel Bathymodiolus thermophilus is a dominant species in the East Pacific Rise (EPR) hydrothermal vent fields. On the EPR volcanically unstable area, this late colonizer reaches high biomass within 4-5 years on new habitats created. by lava flows. The environmental conditions and growth rates characterizing the reestablishment of B. thermophilus populations are however largely unknown, leaving unconstrained the role of this foundation species in the ecosystem dynamics. A typical example from the vent field at 9 degrees 50{\textquoteright}N that was affected by the last massive eruption was the Bio-9 hydrothermal vent site. Here, six years later, a large mussel population had reestablished. The von Bertalanffy growth model estimates the oldest B. thermophilus specimens to be 1.3 year-old in March 2012, consistent with the observation of scarce juveniles among tubeworms in 2010. Younger cohorts were also observed in 2012 but the low number of individuals, relatively to older cohorts, suggests limited survival or growth of new recruits at this site, that could reflect unsuitable habitat conditions. To further explore this asumption, we investigated the relationships between mussel growth dynamics and habitat properties. The approach combined sclerochronology analyses of daily shell growth with continuous habitat monitoring for two mussel assemblages; one from the Bio-9 new settlement and a second from the V-vent site unreached by the lava flow. At both vent sites, semi-diurnal fluctuations of abiotic conditions were recorded using sensors deployed in the mussel bed over 5 to 10 days. These data depict steep transitions from well oxygenated to oxygen-depleted conditions and from alkaline to acidic pH, combined with intermittent sulfide exposure. These semi-diurnal fluctuations exhibited marked changes in amplitude over time, exposing mussels to distinct regimes of abiotic constraints. The V-vent samples allowed growth patterns to be examined at the scale of individual life and compared to long-term records of habitat temperature and oceanographic mooring data in the years following the eruption. Both shell growth and habitat temperature at V-vent varied over the spring-neap tidal cycle and over longer periods of c.a. 60 days. The correlation of growth rate with temperature and, for some individuals, with current velocities supports the idea that tidal forcing impacts growth. Its influence on habitat conditions includes the spring-neap cycle, which is not reflected in current velocities but influences the venting rate. Additionally, it is expected that mesoscale eddies periodically passing across the ridge imprint shell growth through the influence of bottom current on the decimeter-thick mixing interface where mussels thrive. We conclude that diurnal-semidiurnal tidal fluctuations exert major abiotic constraints on B. thermophilus mussels and that low-frequency fluctuations act as significant determinants on growth. Finally, we postulate that the modulation of tidal fluctuations by large-scale hydrodynamic forcing ultimately constrains the capacity of this mussel species to form high biomass aggregations. This study indeed shows that the absence of these strong hydrodynamic drivers would limit the alternance of oxic and sulfidic conditions and significantly affect the growth rate of this species over time. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0967-0637},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2015.10.003},
	author = {Nedoncelle, K and Lartaud, F and Pereira, L Contreira and Yuecel, M and Thurnherr, A M and Mullineaux, L and Le Bris, N}
}
@article {Bernhard2014,
	title = {{Benthic protists and fungi of Mediterranean deep hypsersaline anoxic basin redoxcline sediments}},
	journal = {Frontiers in Microbiology},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {605},
	abstract = {Some of the most extreme marine habitats known are the Mediterranean deep hypersaline anoxic basins (DHABs; water depth \~{}3500 m). Brines of DHABs are nearly saturated with salt, leading many to suspect they are uninhabitable for eukaryotes. While diverse bacterial and protistan communities are reported from some DHAB water-column haloclines and brines, the existence and activity of benthic DHAB protists have rarely been explored. Here, we report findings regarding protists and fungi recovered from sediments of three DHAB (Discovery, Urania, L{\textquoteright} Atalante) haloclines, and compare these to communities from sediments underlying normoxic waters of typical Mediterranean salinity. Halocline sediments, where the redoxcline impinges the seafloor, were studied from all three DHABs. Microscopic cell counts suggested that halocline sediments supported denser protist populations than those in adjacent control sediments. Pyrosequencing analysis based on ribosomal RNA detected eukaryotic ribotypes in the halocline sediments from each of the three DHABs, most of which were fungi. Sequences affiliated with Ustilaginomycotina Basidiomycota were the most abundant eukaryotic signatures detected. Benthic communities in these DHABs appeared to differ, as expected, due to differing brine chemistries. Microscopy indicated that only a low proportion of protists appeared to bear associated putative symbionts. In a considerable number of cases, when prokaryotes were associated with a protist, DAPI staining did not reveal presence of any nuclei, suggesting that at least some protists were carcasses inhabited by prokaryotic scavengers.},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2014.00605},
	author = {Bernhard, J M and Kormas, K and Pachiadaki, M and Rocke, E and Beaudoin, D J and Morrison, C and Visscher, P T and Cobban, A and Starczak, V R and Edgcomb, V P}
}
@article {Demopoulos2014,
	title = {{Biodiversity and community composition of sediment macrofauna associated with deep-sea Lophelia pertusa habitats in the Gulf of Mexico}},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
	volume = {93},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {91{\textendash}103},
	abstract = {Scleractinian corals create three-dimensional reefs that provide sheltered refuges, facilitate sediment accumulation, and enhance colonization of encrusting fauna. While heterogeneous coral habitats can harbor high levels of biodiversity, their effect on the community composition within nearby sediments remains unclear, particularly in the deep sea. Sediment macrofauna from deep-sea coral habitats (Lophelia pertusa) and non-coral, background sediments were examined at three sites in the northern Gulf of Mexico (VK826, VK906, MC751, 350{\textendash}500 m depth) to determine whether macrofaunal abundance, diversity, and community composition near corals differed from background soft-sediments. Macrofaunal densities ranged from 26 to 125 individuals 32 cm-2 and were significantly greater near coral versus background sediments only at VK826. Of the 86 benthic invertebrate taxa identified, 16 were exclusive to near-coral habitats, while 14 were found only in background sediments. Diversity (Fisher{\textquoteright}s $\alpha$) and evenness were significantly higher within near-coral sediments only at MC751 while taxon richness was similar among all habitats. Community composition was significantly different both between near-coral and background sediments and among the three primary sites. Polychaetes numerically dominated all samples, accounting for up to 70{\%} of the total individuals near coral, whereas peracarid crustaceans were proportionally more abundant in background sediments (18{\%}) than in those near coral (10{\%}). The reef effect differed among sites, with community patterns potentially influenced by the size of reef habitat. Taxon turnover occurred with distance from the reef, suggesting that reef extent may represent an important factor in structuring sediment communities near L. pertusa. Polychaete communities in both habitats differed from other Gulf of Mexico (GOM) soft sediments based on data from previous studies, and we hypothesize that local environmental conditions found near L. pertusa may influence the macrofaunal community structure beyond the edges of the reef. This study represents the first assessment of L. pertusa-associated sediment communities in the GOM and provides baseline data that can help define the role of transition zones, from deep reefs to soft sediments, in shaping macrofaunal community structure and maintaining biodiversity; this information can help guide future conservation and management activities.},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2014.07.014},
	author = {Demopoulos, A W J and Bourque, J R and Frometa, J}
}
@article {Winner2014,
	title = {{Bringing Alvin back on board: {\textquoteright}swimmers{\textquoteright} are key links between sub and ship}},
	journal = {Oceanus},
	volume = {51},
	number = {1},
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	author = {Winner, C and Lippsett, L}
}
@article {ISI:000295971300003,
	title = {{Bacterial sulfur cycling shapes microbial communities in surface sediments of an ultramafic hydrothermal vent field}},
	journal = {ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY},
	volume = {13},
	number = {10},
	year = {2011},
	month = {oct},
	pages = {2633{\textendash}2648},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The ultramafic-hosted Logatchev hydrothermal field (LHF) is characterized by vent fluids, which are enriched in dissolved hydrogen and methane compared with fluids from basalt-hosted systems. Thick sediment layers in LHF are partly covered by characteristic white mats. In this study, these sediments were investigated in order to determine biogeochemical processes and key organisms relevant for primary production. Temperature profiling at two mat-covered sites showed a conductive heating of the sediments. Elemental sulfur was detected in the overlying mat and metal-sulfides in the upper sediment layer. Micro-profiles revealed an intensive hydrogen sulfide flux from deeper sediment layers. Fluorescence in situ hybridization showed that filamentous and vibrioid, Arcobacter-related Epsilonproteobacteria dominated the overlying mats. This is in contrast to sulfidic sediments in basalt-hosted fields where mats of similar appearance are composed of large sulfur-oxidizing Gammaproteobacteria. Epsilonproteobacteria (7-21{\%}) and Deltaproteobacteria (20-21{\%}) were highly abundant in the surface sediment layer. The physiology of the closest cultivated relatives, revealed by comparative 16S rRNA sequence analysis, was characterized by the capability to metabolize sulfur components. High sulfate reduction rates as well as sulfide depleted in (34)S further confirmed the importance of the biogeochemical sulfur cycle. In contrast, methane was found to be of minor relevance for microbial life in mat-covered surface sediments. Our data indicate that in conductively heated surface sediments microbial sulfur cycling is the driving force for bacterial biomass production although ultramafichosted systems are characterized by fluids with high levels of dissolved methane and hydrogen.},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {1462-2912},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1462-2920.2011.02530.x},
	author = {Schauer, Regina and Roy, Hans and Augustin, Nico and Gennerich, Hans-Hermann and Peters, Marc and Wenzhoefer, Frank and Amann, Rudolf and Meyerdierks, Anke}
}
@article {ISI:000273167300016,
	title = {{Beaked whale foraging areas inferred by gouges in the seafloor}},
	journal = {MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE},
	volume = {26},
	number = {1},
	year = {2010},
	month = {jan},
	pages = {226{\textendash}233},
	type = {Article},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0824-0469},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1748-7692.2009.00325.x},
	author = {Auster, Peter J and Watling, Les}
}
@article {Joye2010,
	title = {{Biogeochemical signatures and microbial activity of different cold-seep habitats along the Gulf of Mexico deep slope}},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
	volume = {57},
	number = {21-23},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {1990{\textendash}2001},
	abstract = {Microorganisms and the processes they mediate serve as the metabolic foundation of cold seeps. We characterized a suite of biogeochemical constituents and quantified rates of two key microbial processes, Sulfate Reduction (SR) and Anaerobic Oxidation of Methane (AOM), to assess variability between habitats at water depths exceeding 1000 m in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Rates of SR were highest in sediments beneath microbial mats, lower in brine-influenced and oil-influenced sediments, and lowest in animal habitats. Sediments collected near tubeworms had the highest SR rates for animal habitats. Rates of AOM generally were low, but higher rates were associated with brine-influenced, oil-influenced, tubeworm- and urchin-inhabited sediments. Rates of both SR and AOM were orders of magnitude lower at deep-slope sites compared to upper-slope sites examined previously. As observed at upper-slope sites, SR and AOM rates were often loosely coupled. At one site, AOM rates exceeded SR rates, suggesting that an alternate electron acceptor for AOM is possible. Extremely depleted $δ$13C values in methane illustrated the broad significance of biogenic methane production at deep-slope sites. Brine-influenced habitats were characterized by extremely high concentrations of ammonium and dissolved organic carbon, serving as important focused sources of these chemicals to adjacent environments.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle), ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {0967-0645},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.06.001},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.06.001},
	author = {Joye, S B and Bowles, M W and Samarkin, V A and Hunter, K S and Niemann, H}
}
@article {Olu2010,
	title = {{Biogeography and Potential Exchanges Among the Atlantic Equatorial Belt Cold-Seep Faunas}},
	journal = {PLoS ONE},
	volume = {5},
	number = {8},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {e11967},
	abstract = {Like hydrothermal vents along oceanic ridges, cold seeps are patchy and isolated ecosystems along continental margins, extending from bathyal to abyssal depths. The Atlantic Equatorial Belt (AEB), from the Gulf of Mexico to the Gulf of Guinea, was one focus of the Census of Marine Life ChEss (Chemosynthetic Ecosystems) program to study biogeography of seep and vent fauna. We present a review and analysis of collections from five seep regions along the AEB: the Gulf of Mexico where extensive faunal sampling has been conducted from 400 to 3300m, the Barbados accretionary prism, the Blake ridge diapir, and in the Eastern Atlantic from the Congo and Gabon margins and the recently explored Nigeria margin. Of the 72 taxa identified at the species level, a total of 9 species or species complexes are identified as amphi-Atlantic. Similarity analyses based on both Bray Curtis and Hellinger distances among 9 faunal collections, and principal component analysis based on presence/absence of megafauna species at these sites, suggest that within the AEB seep megafauna community structure is influenced primarily by depth rather than by geographic distance. Depth segregation is observed between 1000 and 2000m, with the middle slope sites either grouped with those deeper than 2000m or with the shallower sites. The highest level of community similarity was found between the seeps of the Florida escarpment and Congo margin. In the western Atlantic, the highest degree of similarity is observed between the shallowest sites of the Barbados prism and of the Louisiana slope. The high number of amphi-atlantic cold-seep species that do not cluster according to biogeographic regions, and the importance of depth in structuring AEB cold-seep communities are the major conclusions of this study. The hydrothermal vent sites along the Mid Atlantic Ridge (MAR) did not appear as {\textquotedblleft}stepping stones{\textquotedblright} for dispersal of the AEB seep fauna, however, the south MAR and off axis regions should be further explored to more fully test this hypothesis.},
	doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0011967},
	author = {Olu, K and Cordes, E E and Fisher, C R and Brooks, J M and Sibuet, M and Desbruyeres, D}
}
@inbook {Baker2010,
	title = {{Biogeography, Ecology and Vulnerability of Chemosynthetic Ecosystems in the Deep Sea}},
	booktitle = {Life in the World{\textquoteright}s Oceans: Diversity, Distribution, and Abundance},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {161{\textendash}182},
	publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
	organization = {Wiley-Blackwell},
	author = {Baker, M C and Ramirez-Llodra, E and Tyler, P A and German, C R and Boetius, A and Cordes, E E and Dubilier, N and Fisher, C R and Levin, L A and Metaxas, A and Rowden, R and Santos, R S and Shank, R and Van Dover, C L and Young, C and Waren, A}
}
@article {Podowski2010,
	title = {{Biotic and abiotic factors affecting distributions of megafauna in diffuse flow on andesite and basalt along the Eastern Lau Spreading Center, Tonga}},
	journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series},
	volume = {418},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {25{\textendash}45},
	abstract = {Imagery and environmental data from 7 diffuse flow hydrothermal vent sites along the Eastern Lau Spreading Center (ELSC) are used to constrain the effects of lava type, temperature, chemistry, and biological interactions on faunal distributions. Of the species with chemoautotrophic endosymbionts, the snail Alviniconcha spp. occupies habitats with the greatest exposure to vent fluids. Temperatures exceeding 45{\textdegree}C define its upper limit of exposure to vent flow, and minimum sulfide requirements constrain its lower limits. The mussel Bathymodiolus brevior experiences the least exposure to vent flow; temperatures of about 20{\textdegree}C determine its upper limit, while its lower limit is defined by its minimum sulfide requirements. The snail Ifremeria nautilei inhabits areas with intermediate exposure to vent fluids and biological interactions are likely the most important factor shaping this snail{\textquoteright}s realized niche. Microhabitats of non-symbiont-containing fauna were defined in terms of symbiont-containing faunal distributions. The crab Austinograea spp. occupies areas with the greatest exposure to vent flow; shrimp, the snail Eosipho desbruyeresi, and anemones inhabit intermediate zones of vent flow; and the squat lobster Munidopsis lauensis dominates the periphery of diffuse flow areas, with little exposure to vent fluids. The physical structure of different lava types along the ELSC differentially affects the diffusion of vent fluids, which has a variety of implications for fauna, particularly distributions of zoanthids, anemones, and mixed communities of I. nautilei and B. brevior.},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	doi = {10.3354/meps08797},
	author = {Podowski, E L and Ma, S and Luther, G W and Wardrop, D and Fisher, C R}
}
@article {Nevala2010,
	title = {{Building the next-generation Alvin: plan offers a roadmap to extend sub{\textquoteright}s diving capacity to 6,500 meters}},
	journal = {Oceanus},
	volume = {48},
	number = {2},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {12{\textendash}15},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0029-8182},
	author = {Nevala, A E}
}
@article {Toner2009,
	title = {{Biogenic iron oxyhydroxide formation at mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal vents: Juan de Fuca Ridge}},
	journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
	volume = {73},
	number = {2},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {388{\textendash}403},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0016-7037},
	doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2008.09.035},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2008.09.035},
	author = {Toner, B M and Santelli, C M and Marcus, M A and Wirth, R and Chan, C S and McCollom, T and Bach, W and Edwards, K J}
}
@mastersthesis {Buckman2009,
	title = {{Biotic and abiotic interactions of deep-sea hydrothermal vent-endemic fish on the East Pacific Rise}},
	volume = {Ph.D.},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {147},
	school = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	type = {phd},
	address = {Cambridge, MA and Woods Hole, MA},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	doi = {10.1575/1912/3079},
	url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1912/3079},
	author = {Buckman, K L}
}
@article {Panieri2008,
	title = {{Benthic Foraminifera of the Blake Ridge hydrate mound, Western North Atlantic Ocean}},
	journal = {Marine Micropaleontology},
	volume = {66},
	number = {2},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {91{\textendash}102},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0377-8398},
	doi = {10.1016/j.marmicro.2007.08.002},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2007.08.002},
	author = {Panieri, G and Sen Gupta, B K}
}
@article {DitteL2008,
	title = {{Biology of the vent crab Bythograea thermydron: A brief review}},
	journal = {Journal of Shellfish Research},
	volume = {27},
	number = {1},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {63{\textendash}77},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0730-8000},
	doi = {10.2983/0730-8000(2008)27[63:BOTVCB]2.0.CO;2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2983/0730-8000(2008)27[63:BOTVCB]2.0.CO 2},
	author = {DitteL, A I and Perovich, G and Epifanio, C E}
}
@article {Lenihan2008,
	title = {{Biotic interactions at hydrothermal vents: Recruitment inhibition by the mussel Bathymodiolus thermophilus}},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
	volume = {55},
	number = {12},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {1707{\textendash}1717},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0967-0637},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2008.07.007},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2008.07.007},
	author = {Lenihan, H S and Mills, S W and Mullineaux, L S and Peterson, C H and Fisher, C R and Micheli, F}
}
@article {Wheat2008,
	title = {{Borehole observations of fluid flow from South Chamorro Seamount, an active serpentinite mud volcano in the Mariana forearc}},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {267},
	number = {3-4},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {401{\textendash}409},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {0012-821X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2007.11.057},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2007.11.057},
	author = {Wheat, C G and Fryer, P and Fisher, A T and Hulme, S and Jannasch, H W and Mottl, M J}
}
@mastersthesis {Underwood2006,
	title = {{Bathymetric and spatial distribution of echinoderms on seamounts in the Gulf of Alaska}},
	volume = {M.S.},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {100 + 1 CD ROM{\textendash}100 + 1 CD ROM},
	school = {University of Alaska, Fairbanks},
	type = {phd},
	address = {Fairbanks, Alaska},
	author = {Underwood, D P}
}
@article {Gollner2006,
	title = {{Benthic copepod communities associated with tubeworm and mussel aggregations on the East Pacific Rise}},
	journal = {Cahiers de Biologie Marine},
	volume = {47},
	number = {4},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {397{\textendash}402},
	abstract = {Variability in the structure of the meiobenthic copepod communities was studied among three vent sites on the East Pacific Rise. One of the sites was dominated by the mussel Bathymodiolus thermophilus, and the other two of the sites were dominated by the tubeworm Riftia pachyptila. In addition to the differences in the dominant megafauna, the maximum temperatures were much lower at the mussel-dominated sites, and the temperature to sulfide ratio was different between the tubeworm-dominated sites. A total of 22 vent endemic siphonostomatoid copepod species and 5 harpacticoid copepod species were identified among the three sites. Copepod abundance was low at all sites (},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0007-9723},
	author = {Gollner, S and Zekely, Julia and Van Dover, C L and Govenar, B and Le Bris, N and Nemeschkal, H L and Bright, M}
}
@book {VanDover2006,
	title = {{Beyond the edge of the sea: Volcanoes and life in the deep ocean}},
	series = {Flad Lectures on Marine Science},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {32},
	publisher = {Luso-American Foundation},
	organization = {Luso-American Foundation},
	address = {Lisbon, Portugal},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	isbn = {9728654197},
	author = {Van Dover, C L}
}
@article {Daly2006,
	title = {{Boloceroides daphneae, a new species of giant sea anemone (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Boloceroididae) from the deep Pacific}},
	journal = {Marine Biology},
	volume = {148},
	number = {6},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {1241{\textendash}1247},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0025-3162},
	doi = {10.1007/s00227-005-0170-7},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00227-005-0170-7},
	author = {Daly, M}
}
@article {Pearson2005,
	title = {{Bacterial incorporation of relict carbon in the hydrothermal environment of Guaymas Basin}},
	journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
	volume = {69},
	number = {23},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {5477{\textendash}5486},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {0016-7037},
	doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2005.07.007},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2005.07.007},
	author = {Pearson, A and Seewald, J S and Eglinton, T I}
}
@article {Valentine2005,
	title = {{Biogeochemical investigations of marine methane seeps, Hydrate Ridge, Oregon}},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
	volume = {110},
	number = {G2},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {G02005},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0148-0227},
	doi = {10.1029/2005JG000025},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005JG000025},
	author = {Valentine, D L and Kastner, M and Wardlaw, G D and Wang, X C and Purdy, A and Bartlett, D H}
}
@article {VanDover2003a,
	title = {{Blake Ridge methane seeps: Characterization of a soft-sediment, chemosynthetically based ecosystem}},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
	volume = {50},
	number = {2},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {281{\textendash}300},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0967-0637},
	doi = {10.1016/S0967-0637(02)00162-0},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0637(02)00162-0},
	author = {Van Dover, C L and Aharon, P and Bernhard, J M and Caylor, E and Doerries, M B and Flickinger, W and Gilhooly, W and Goffredi, S K and Knick, K E and Macko, S A and Rapoport, S and Raulfs, E C and Ruppel, C and Salerno, J L and Seitz, R D and Sen Gupta, B K and Shank, T M and Turnipseed, M and Vrijenhoek, R C}
}
@article {Podar2002,
	title = {{Bacterial group II introns in a deep sea hydrothermal vent environment.}},
	journal = {Applied and Environmental Microbiology},
	volume = {68},
	number = {12},
	year = {2002},
	pages = {6392{\textendash}6398},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0099-2240},
	doi = {10.1128/AEM.68.12.6392-6398.2002},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.68.12.6392-6398.2002},
	author = {Podar, M and Mullineaux, L S and Huang, H -R and Perlman, P S and Sogin, M L}
}
@article {Meurer2001,
	title = {{Basalt compositions from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at the SMARK area (22 degrees 30{\textquoteright}N to 22 degrees 50{\textquoteright}N) - implications for parental liquid variability at isotopically homogeneous spreading centers}},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {186},
	number = {3},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {451{\textendash}469},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0012-821X},
	doi = {10.1016/S0012-821X(01)00260-6},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(01)00260-6},
	author = {Meurer, W P and Sturm, M E and Klein, E M and Karson, J A}
}
@article {VanDover2001,
	title = {{Biogeography and ecological setting of Indian Ocean hydrothermal vents}},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {294},
	number = {5543},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {818{\textendash}823},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0036-8075},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1064574},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1064574},
	author = {Van Dover, C L and Humphris, S E and Fornari, D J and Cavanaugh, C M and Collier, R and Goffredi, S K and Hashimoto, J and Lilley, M D and Reysenbach, A -L and Shank, T M and Von Damm, K L and Banta, A and Gallant, R M and Gotz, D and Green, D and Hall, J and Harmer, T L and Hurtado, L A and Johnson, P and McKiness, Z P and Meredith, C and Olson, E J and Pan, I L and Turnipseed, M and Won, Y -J and Young, C R and Vrijenhoek, R C}
}
@article {Kolber2000,
	title = {{Bacterial photosynthesis in the surface waters of the open ocean}},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {407},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {177{\textendash}179},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0028-0836},
	doi = {10.1038/35025044},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35025044},
	author = {Kolber, Z S and Van Dover, C L and Niederman, R A and Falkowski, P G}
}
@article {Kobayashi2000,
	title = {{The bacterium isolated from Hirondellea gigas (Shinkaioosokoebi)}},
	journal = {JAMSTEC Journal of Deep Sea Research},
	number = {17},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {19{\textendash}22},
	issn = {1340-7848},
	url = {http://docsrv.godac.jp/MSV2{\_}DATA/23/17{\_}03.pdf},
	author = {Kobayashi, H and Nagahama, T}
}
@article {Pancost2000,
	title = {{Biomarker evidence for widespread anaerobic methane oxidation in Mediterranean sediments by a consortium of methanogenic archaea and bacteria}},
	journal = {Applied and Environmental Microbiology},
	volume = {66},
	number = {3},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {1126{\textendash}1132},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0099-2240},
	doi = {10.1128/AEM.66.3.1126-1132.2000},
	url = {http://aem.asm.org/cgi/content/abstract/66/3/1126},
	author = {Pancost, R D and Damste, J S S and De Lint, S and Van der Maarel, M J and Gottschal, J C}
}
@inbook {Galkin2000,
	title = {{Bottom fauna of the Mohns Ridge: submersible investigations}},
	booktitle = {Bentos morei Rossii i Severnoi Atlantiki: sbornik nauchnykh trudov (Benthos of the Russian Sea and the Northern Atlantic)},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {81{\textendash}85},
	publisher = {Nauka},
	organization = {Nauka},
	address = {Moscow, Russia},
	isbn = {5-8538-2193-8},
	author = {Galkin, S V},
	editor = {Kuznetsov, A P}
}
@article {Fujiwara1999,
	title = {{Bathymetric and gravity survey of the eastern Nankai Trough}},
	journal = {JAMSTEC Journal of Deep Sea Research},
	number = {14},
	year = {1999},
	pages = {357{\textendash}361},
	issn = {1340-7848},
	url = {http://docsrv.godac.jp/MSV2{\_}DATA/23/14{\_}28.pdf},
	author = {Fujiwara, T and Goto, S and Kobayashi, K}
}
@article {Halanych1999,
	title = {{Brief description of biological communities at 7 degrees S on the East Pacific Rise}},
	journal = {InterRidge News},
	volume = {8},
	number = {2},
	year = {1999},
	pages = {23{\textendash}27},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	url = {http://interridge.whoi.edu/files/interridge/IRNewsVol8-2.pdf},
	author = {Halanych, K M and Tieger, M and O{\textquoteright}Mullan, G D and Lutz, R A and Vrijenhoek, R C}
}
@article {Aller1998,
	title = {{Biogeochemical heterogeneity and suboxic diagenesis in hemipelagic sediments of the Panama basin}},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
	volume = {45},
	number = {1},
	year = {1998},
	pages = {133{\textendash}165},
	abstract = {Early diagenetic processes in hemipelagic sediments of the Panama Basin (\~{}3900 m) are strongly influenced by an active benthic community and intense bioturbation comparable to organic-rich, shallow water deposits. Rapid reworking enhances the role of suboxic decomposition, particularly Mn cycling, and burrow formation increases biogeochemical heterogeneity as reflected in pore-water profiles. Apparent regular patterns in the distribution of some solutes, such as NH+4 and Mn2+, around identifiable burrow structures are consistent with the active irrigation of burrows and a biogenic origin for heterogeneity. The effects of infauna are sufficiently pervasive, relative to the size of normal samples, that similar variations in solute patterns between cores can be observed when samples are separated over wide-ranging spatial scales, from a few centimeters to hundreds of meters. The spatial variation in pore-water solute distributions in samples (cores, passive-equilibration {\textquotedblleft}peepers{\textquotedblright}) taken during a single cruise is comparable to the interannual variability observed between cruises over a 4 yr period. Mineralized tubes and associated burrow complexes are direct visual evidence for biogenic heterogeneity in these deposits and for a significant interaction between macroinfauna and suboxic microbial communities. Comparison of in situ peeper arrays with cores processed on board ship confirms a variety of retrieval and handling artifacts also inferred in other studies. These appear to be largely related to core warming, promoting lysis of biomass, dissolution of biogenic debris, and irreversibly producing subsurface NH+4 maxima and increasing concentration gradients of NO-3, NO-2, and Si(OH)4. Agreements and mismatches between solute fluxes predicted from cores, in situ peeper arrays, and a benthic flux incubation chamber are consistent with various retrieval artifacts and with the enhancement of NO-3 (nitrification) and Si(OH)4 fluxes by burrow irrigation. Unlike organic-poor, deep-sea deposits from oligotrophic regions, where the sediment{\textendash}water interface can be the site of most benthic decomposition, subsurface processes are significant in the Panama Basin, and average reaction rate attenuation with sediment depth, is similar to that in bioturbated shallow-water deposits.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0967-0637},
	doi = {10.1016/S0967-0637(97)00049-6},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0637(97)00049-6},
	author = {Aller, R C and Hall, P O J and Rude, P D and Aller, J Y}
}
@article {Scott1998,
	title = {{The burden of independence: Inorganic carbon utilization strategies of the sulphur chemoautotrophic hydrothermal vent isolate Thiomicrospira crunogena and the symbionts of hydrothermal vent and cold seep vestimentiferans}},
	journal = {Cahiers de Biologie Marine},
	volume = {39},
	number = {3-4},
	year = {1998},
	pages = {379{\textendash}381},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0007-9723},
	author = {Scott, K M and Bright, M and Fisher, C R}
}
@article {Tunnicliffe1997,
	title = {{Biological colonization of new hydrothermal vents following an eruption on Juan de Fuca Ridge}},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
	volume = {44},
	number = {9-10},
	year = {1997},
	pages = {1627{\textendash}1644},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0967-0637},
	doi = {10.1016/S0967-0637(97)00041-1},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0637(97)00041-1},
	author = {Tunnicliffe, V and Embley, R W and Holden, J F and Butterfield, D A and Massoth, G J and Juniper, S K}
}
@article {Johnson1994,
	title = {{Biogeochemistry of hydrothermal vent mussel communities: the deep-sea analogue to the intertidal zone}},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
	volume = {41},
	number = {7},
	year = {1994},
	pages = {993{\textendash}1011},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0967-0637},
	doi = {10.1016/0967-0637(94)90015-9},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0967-0637(94)90015-9},
	author = {Johnson, K S and Childress, J J and Beehler, C L and Sakamoto, C M}
}
@article {Kunzig1993,
	title = {{Between home and the abyss}},
	journal = {Discover},
	volume = {14},
	number = {12},
	year = {1993},
	pages = {66{\textendash}75},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0274-7529},
	url = {http://discovermagazine.com/1993/dec/betweenhomeandth318},
	author = {Kunzig, R}
}
@article {Jorgensen1992,
	title = {{Bacterial sulfate reduction above 100C in deep-sea hydrothermal vent sediments}},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {258},
	number = {5089},
	year = {1992},
	pages = {1756{\textendash}1757},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0036-8075},
	doi = {10.1126/science.258.5089.1756},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.258.5089.1756},
	author = {Jorgensen, B B and Isaksen, M F and Jannasch, H W}
}
@article {Lutz1992,
	title = {{Biological and geological baseline along the BIOTRANSECT - East Pacific Rise crest 9 degrees 49.61{\textquoteright} - 50.35{\textquoteright}N: Short-term temporal variations after the 1991 eruption}},
	journal = {EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
	volume = {73},
	number = {43 (Fall Meeting Suppl.)},
	year = {1992},
	pages = {525},
	issn = {0096-3941},
	author = {Lutz, R A and Black, M B and Fornari, D J and Haymon, R M and Nelson, D and Perfit, M R and Shanks, W C and Lilley, M and Von Damm, K L}
}
@inbook {Childress1992,
	title = {{The biology of hydrothermal vent animals: physiology, biochemistry, and autotrophic symbioses}},
	booktitle = {Oceanography and Marine Biology: an Annual Review},
	volume = {30},
	year = {1992},
	pages = {337{\textendash}441},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	organization = {Routledge},
	isbn = {1857280717},
	author = {Childress, J J and Fisher, C R},
	editor = {Barnes, M}
}
@book {Ballard1992,
	title = {{Bright Shark}},
	year = {1992},
	pages = {483},
	publisher = {Delacorte Press},
	organization = {Delacorte Press},
	address = {New York, N.Y.},
	isbn = {0-385-29887-0},
	author = {Ballard, R D and Chiu, T}
}
@article {Lutz1991,
	title = {{The biology of deep-sea vents and seeps: Alvin{\textquoteright}s magical mystery tour}},
	journal = {Oceanus},
	volume = {34},
	number = {4},
	year = {1991},
	pages = {75{\textendash}83},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0029-8182},
	author = {Lutz, R A}
}
@article {Urabe1990,
	title = {{Barite-silica chimneys from the Sumisu Rift, Izu-Bonin arc: possible analog to hematitic chert associatied with Kuroko depostis}},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {100},
	number = {1-3},
	year = {1990},
	pages = {283{\textendash}290},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0012-821X},
	doi = {10.1016/0012-821X(90)90191-Y},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(90)90191-Y},
	author = {Urabe, T and Kusakabe, M}
}
@article {Robison1990,
	title = {{Biological-research needs for submersible access to the greatest ocean depths}},
	journal = {Marine Technology Society Journal},
	volume = {24},
	number = {2},
	year = {1990},
	pages = {34{\textendash}37},
	issn = {0025-3324},
	author = {Robison, B H and Wishner, K}
}
@article {Karson1990b,
	title = {{Block-tilting, transfer faults, and structural control of magmatic and hydrothermal processes in the TAG area, Mid-Atlantic Ridge 26 degrees N}},
	journal = {Geological Society of America Bulletin},
	volume = {102},
	number = {12},
	year = {1990},
	pages = {1635{\textendash}1645},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0016-7606},
	doi = {10.1130/0016-7606(1990)102<1635:BTTFAS>2.3.CO;2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1990)102{\%}3C1635:BTTFAS{\%}3E2.3.CO 2},
	author = {Karson, J A and Rona, P A}
}
@article {Barany1989,
	title = {{Basaltic breccias of the Clipperton fracture zone (East Pacific): Sedimentation and tectonics in a fast-slipping oceanic transform}},
	journal = {Geological Society of America Bulletin},
	volume = {101},
	number = {2},
	year = {1989},
	pages = {204{\textendash}220},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0016-7606},
	doi = {10.1130/0016-7606(1989)101<0204:BBOTCF>2.3.CO;2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1989)101{\%}3C0204:BBOTCF{\%}3E2.3.CO 2},
	author = {Barany, I and Karson, J A}
}
@article {Childress1989,
	title = {{Benthopelagic biomass distribution and oxygen consumption in a deep-sea benthic boundary layer dominated by gelatinous organisms}},
	journal = {Limnology and Oceanography},
	volume = {34},
	number = {5},
	year = {1989},
	pages = {913{\textendash}930},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0024-3590},
	url = {http://www.aslo.org/lo/toc/vol{\_}34/issue{\_}5/0913.pdf},
	author = {Childress, J J and Gluck, D L and Carney, R S and Gowing, M M}
}
@article {Ballard1989,
	title = {{The Bismarck found}},
	journal = {National Geographic Magazine},
	volume = {176},
	number = {5},
	year = {1989},
	pages = {622{\textendash}638},
	issn = {0027-9358},
	author = {Ballard, R D}
}
@article {Childress1988,
	title = {{Biology and chemistry of a deep-sea hydrothermal vent on the Galapagos Rift; the Rose Garden in 1985. Introduction}},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers},
	volume = {35},
	number = {10-11},
	year = {1988},
	pages = {1677{\textendash}1680},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0198-0149},
	doi = {10.1016/0198-0149(88)90043-X},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(88)90043-X},
	author = {Childress, J J}
}
@article {Vine1988,
	title = {{Birth of Alvin}},
	journal = {Oceanus},
	volume = {31},
	number = {4},
	year = {1988},
	pages = {10{\textendash}16},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0029-8182},
	author = {Vine, A C}
}
@inbook {Jannasch1987,
	title = {{Biology of geothermal environments}},
	booktitle = {Current Perspectives in Environmental Biogeochemistry},
	year = {1987},
	pages = {597{\textendash}601},
	publisher = {CNR-IPRA},
	organization = {CNR-IPRA},
	address = {Rome},
	author = {Jannasch, H W and Caldwell, D E and Buonocore, V},
	editor = {Giovannozzi-Sermanni, G}
}
@article {Borg1987,
	title = {{Birth of an island: Alvin explores the caldera of Loihi}},
	journal = {Oceans},
	volume = {20},
	number = {4},
	year = {1987},
	pages = {26{\textendash}33},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0029-8174},
	author = {Borg, J C}
}
@inbook {Jannasch1985a,
	title = {{The biochemical versatility of chemosynthetic bacteria at deep sea hydrothermal vents}},
	booktitle = {Hydrothermal vents of the Eastern Pacific: An overview},
	series = {Bulletin of the Biological Society of Washington},
	number = {6},
	year = {1985},
	pages = {325{\textendash}334},
	publisher = {INFAX},
	organization = {INFAX},
	address = {Vienna, Va.},
	isbn = {0933937024},
	author = {Jannasch, H W and Wirsen, C O},
	editor = {Jones, M L}
}
@inbook {Suess1985,
	title = {{Biological communities at vent sites along the subduction zone off Oregon}},
	booktitle = {Hydrothermal vents of the Eastern Pacific: An overview},
	series = {Bulletin of the Biological Society of Washington},
	volume = {6},
	year = {1985},
	publisher = {INFAX},
	organization = {INFAX},
	address = {Vienna, Va.},
	isbn = {0933937024},
	author = {Suess, E and Carson, B and Ritger, S D and Moore, J C and Jones, M L and Kulm, L D and Cochrane, G R},
	editor = {Jones, M L}
}
@inbook {Arp1985,
	title = {{Blood gas transport in Riftia pachyptila}},
	booktitle = {Hydrothermal vents of the Eastern Pacific: An overview},
	series = {Bulletin of the Biological Society of Washington},
	number = {6},
	year = {1985},
	pages = {289{\textendash}300},
	publisher = {INFAX},
	organization = {INFAX},
	address = {Vienna, Va.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	isbn = {0933937024},
	author = {Arp, A J and Childress, J J and Fisher, C R},
	editor = {Jones, M L}
}
@mastersthesis {Gluck1984,
	title = {{Biomass, chemical composition and oxygen consumption of the near-bottom pelagic communities in two deep-sea basins off southern California}},
	volume = {Ph.D.},
	year = {1984},
	pages = {125},
	school = {University of California, Santa Barbara},
	type = {phd},
	address = {Santa Barbara, Calif.},
	author = {Gluck, D L}
}
@book {Bland1984,
	title = {{Briefs of Alvin history from June 1964 to the present}},
	series = {WHOI unnumbered reports},
	year = {1984},
	pages = {6},
	publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	organization = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	address = {Woods Hole, Mass.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	author = {Bland, E L}
}
@article {Messing1984,
	title = {{Brooding and paedomorphosis in the deep-water feather star Comatilia iridometriformis (Echinodermata: Crinoidae)}},
	journal = {Marine Biology},
	volume = {80},
	number = {1},
	year = {1984},
	pages = {83{\textendash}91},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0025-3162},
	doi = {10.1007/BF00393131},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00393131},
	author = {Messing, C G}
}
@inbook {Felbeck1983,
	title = {{Biochemical interaction between molluscs and their algal and bacterial symbionts}},
	booktitle = {Environmental Biochemistry and Physiology},
	series = {Mollusca},
	number = {2},
	year = {1983},
	pages = {331{\textendash}358},
	publisher = {Academic Press},
	organization = {Academic Press},
	address = {New York, N.Y.},
	isbn = {0127514023},
	author = {Felbeck, H and Childress, J J and Somero, G N},
	editor = {Hochachka, P W}
}
@article {Southward1981,
	title = {{Bacterial symbionts and low 13C/12C ratios in tissues of Pogonophora indicate unusual nutrition and metabolism}},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {293},
	number = {5834},
	year = {1981},
	pages = {616{\textendash}620},
	issn = {0028-0836},
	doi = {10.1038/293616a0},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/293616a0},
	author = {Southward, A J and Southward, E C and Dando, P R and Rau, G H and Felbeck, H and Fl{\"u}gel, H}
}
@article {Silver1981,
	title = {{Bathypelagic marine snow: Deep-sea algal and detrital community}},
	journal = {Journal of Marine Research},
	volume = {39},
	number = {3},
	year = {1981},
	pages = {501{\textendash}530},
	issn = {0022-2402},
	author = {Silver, M W and Alldredge, A L}
}
@article {Arp1981,
	title = {{Blood function in the hydrothermal vent vestimentiferan tube worm}},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {213},
	number = {4505},
	year = {1981},
	pages = {342{\textendash}344},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0036-8075},
	doi = {10.1126/science.213.4505.342},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.213.4505.342},
	author = {Arp, A J and Childress, J J}
}
@article {Madin1978,
	title = {{Bathocyroe fosteri gen. nov., sp. nov.: A mesopelagic ctenophore observed and collected from a submersible}},
	journal = {Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom},
	volume = {58},
	number = {3},
	year = {1978},
	pages = {559{\textendash}564},
	issn = {0125-3154},
	author = {Madin, L P and Harbison, G R}
}
@article {Ryan1978,
	title = {{Bedrock geology in New England submarine canyons}},
	journal = {Oceanologica Acta},
	volume = {1},
	number = {2},
	year = {1978},
	pages = {233{\textendash}254},
	issn = {0399-1784},
	author = {Ryan, W B F and Cita, M B and Miller, E L and Hanselman, D and Nesteroff, W D and Hacker, B and Nibbelink, M}
}
@article {Smith1978a,
	title = {{Benthic community respiration in the N.W. Atlantic Ocean: In situ measurements from 40 to 5200 m}},
	journal = {Marine Biology},
	volume = {47},
	number = {4},
	year = {1978},
	pages = {337{\textendash}347},
	issn = {0025-3162},
	doi = {10.1007/BF00388925},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00388925},
	author = {Smith, K L}
}
@article {Turekian1978,
	title = {{Bioturbation in deep-sea deposits: Rates and consequences}},
	journal = {Oceanus},
	volume = {21},
	number = {1},
	year = {1978},
	pages = {34{\textendash}41},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0029-8182},
	author = {Turekian, K K and Cochran, J K and DeMaster, D J}
}
@article {Bryan1977a,
	title = {{Basalts from DSDP leg 37 and the FAMOUS area: Compositional and petrogenic comparisons}},
	journal = {Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences},
	volume = {14},
	number = {4},
	year = {1977},
	pages = {875{\textendash}885},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0008-4077},
	author = {Bryan, W B and Thompson, G}
}
@book {Survey1977,
	title = {{Baseline report of environmental conditions in Deepwater Dumpsite 106}},
	series = {NOAA Dumpsite Evaluation Report},
	year = {1977},
	pages = {798},
	publisher = {U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Survey},
	organization = {U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Survey},
	address = {Rockville, Md.},
	author = {Survey, National Ocean}
}
@book {Rowe1975,
	title = {{Benthic fauna of the Gulf of Maine sampled by R/V Gosnold cruise 179 and DSRV Alvin dives 329, 330, 331, and 404: Infaunal species list}},
	series = {WHOI technical reports},
	volume = {75-38},
	year = {1975},
	pages = {5},
	publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	organization = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	address = {Woods Hole, Mass.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	doi = {10.1575/1912/5046},
	url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1912/5046},
	author = {Rowe, G T and Polloni, P T and Haedrich, R L}
}
@article {Jannasch1973,
	title = {{A bacteriological pressure-retaining deep-sea sampler and culture vessel}},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research and Oceanographic Abstracts},
	volume = {20},
	number = {7},
	year = {1973},
	pages = {661{\textendash}664},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0011-7471},
	doi = {10.1016/0011-7471(73)90033-8},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0011-7471(73)90033-8},
	author = {Jannasch, H W and Wirsen, C O and Winget, C L}
}
@article {Polloni1973a,
	title = {{Biremis blandi (Polychaeta: Terebellidae), a new genus, new species, caught by D.S.R.V. {\textquoteright}Alvin{\textquoteright} in the Tongue of the Ocean, New Providence, Bahamas}},
	journal = {Marine Biology},
	volume = {20},
	number = {2},
	year = {1973},
	pages = {170{\textendash}175},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0025-3162},
	doi = {10.1007/BF00351456},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00351456},
	author = {Polloni, P T and Rowe, G T and Teal, J M}
}
@book {Polloni1973,
	title = {{Biremis blandi (Polychaeta: Terebellidae), new genus, new species, caught by D.S.R.V. Alvin in the Tongue of the Ocean, New Providence, Bahamas}},
	series = {WHOI technical reports},
	volume = {73-60},
	year = {1973},
	pages = {11},
	publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	organization = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	address = {Woods Hole, Mass.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	author = {Polloni, P T and Rowe, G T and Teal, J M}
}
@article {Keller1973,
	title = {{Bottom currents in the Hudson Canyon}},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {180},
	number = {4082},
	year = {1973},
	pages = {181{\textendash}183},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0036-8075},
	doi = {10.1126/science.180.4082.181},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.180.4082.181},
	author = {Keller, G H and Lambert, D and Rowe, G and Staresinic, N}
}
