@article {RN2504,
	title = {Fe-catalyzed sulfide oxidation in hydrothermal plumes is a source of reactive oxygen species to the ocean},
	journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
	volume = {118},
	number = {40},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {e2026654118},
	type = {Journal Article},
	doi = {10.1073/pnas.2026654118},
	url = {https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1141521757 https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/118/40/e2026654118.full.pdf},
	author = {Shaw, Timothy J. and Luther, George W. and Rosas, Richard and Oldham, V{\'e}ronique E. and Coffey, Nicole R. and Ferry, John L. and Dias, Dewamunnage M. C. and Y{\"u}cel, Mustafa and de Chanvalon, Aubin Thibault}
}
@article {RN2515,
	title = {Fe-catalyzed sulfide oxidation in hydrothermal plumes is a source of reactive oxygen species to the ocean},
	journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
	volume = {118},
	number = {40},
	year = {2021},
	type = {Journal Article},
	issn = {0027-8424},
	doi = {10.1073/pnas.2026654118|1of7},
	author = {Shaw, T. J. and Luther, G. W. and Rosas, R. and Oldham, V. E. and Coffey, N. R. and Ferry, J. L. and Dias, D. M. C. and Yucel, M. and de Chanvalon, A. T.}
}
@article {RN2522,
	title = {Formation of ethane and propane via abiotic reductive conversion of acetic acid in hydrothermal sediments},
	journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
	volume = {118},
	number = {47},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {e2005219118},
	type = {Journal Article},
	doi = {10.1073/pnas.2005219118},
	url = {http://www.pnas.org/content/118/47/e2005219118.abstract},
	author = {Song, Min and Schubotz, Florence and Kellermann, Matthias Y. and Hansen, Christian T. and Bach, Wolfgang and Teske, Andreas P. and Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe}
}
@article {RN2518,
	title = {Formation of ethane and propane via abiotic reductive conversion of acetic acid in hydrothermal sediments},
	journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
	volume = {118},
	number = {47},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {e2005219118},
	type = {Journal Article},
	doi = {10.1073/pnas.2005219118},
	url = {https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1142594823},
	author = {Song, Min and Schubotz, Florence and Kellermann, Matthias Y. and Hansen, Christian T. and Bach, Wolfgang and Teske, Andreas P. and Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe}
}
@article {RN2483,
	title = {Functional traits provide new insight into recovery and succession at deep-sea hydrothermal vents},
	journal = {Ecology},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {e03418},
	type = {Journal Article},
	doi = {10.1002/ecy.3418},
	url = {https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1138424678},
	author = {Dykman, Lauren N. and Beaulieu, Stace E. and Mills, Susan W. and Solow, Andrew R. and Mullineaux, Lauren S.}
}
@article {RN2485,
	title = {Functional traits provide new insight into recovery and succession at deep-sea hydrothermal vents},
	journal = {Ecology},
	year = {2021},
	type = {Journal Article},
	issn = {0012-9658},
	doi = {10.1002/ecy.3418},
	author = {Dykman, Lauren N. and Beaulieu, Stace E. and Mills, Susan W. and Solow, Andrew R. and Mullineaux, Lauren S.}
}
@article {RN2442,
	title = {Four new deep-water flabelligerid species from Pacific Costa Rica (Annelida, Sedentaria, Fla belligeridae)},
	journal = {Zootaxa},
	volume = {4885},
	number = {4},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {560-578},
	type = {Journal Article},
	issn = {1175-5326},
	doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.6},
	author = {Salazar-Vallejo, S. I.}
}
@article {RN2426,
	title = {Fungal communities in sediments along a depth gradient in the Eastern Tropical Pacific},
	journal = {bioRxiv},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {2020.06.26.173682},
	type = {Journal Article},
	doi = {10.1101/2020.06.26.173682},
	url = {https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1128815769 https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2020/06/26/2020.06.26.173682.full.pdf},
	author = {Rojas-Jimenez, Keilor and Grossart, Hans Peter and Cordes, Erik and Cortes, Jorge}
}
@article {RN2395,
	title = {Fine Scale Assemblage Structure of Benthic Invertebrate Megafauna on the North Pacific Seamount Mokumanamana},
	journal = {Frontiers in Marine Science},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2019},
	type = {Journal Article},
	doi = {10.3389/fmars.2019.00715},
	author = {Morgan, N. B. and Goode, S. and Roark, E. B. and Baco, A. R.}
}
@article {RN2363,
	title = {First records of Geodia demosponges from the New England seamounts, an opportunity to test the use of DNA mini-barcodes on museum specimens},
	journal = {Marine Biodiversity},
	volume = {49},
	number = {1},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {163-174},
	type = {Journal Article},
	issn = {1867-1616},
	doi = {10.1007/s12526-017-0775-3},
	author = {Cardenas, P. and Moore, J. A.}
}
@article {RN2355,
	title = {Filamentous Giant Beggiatoaceae from the Guaymas Basin Are Capable of both Denitrification and Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium},
	journal = {Applied and Environmental Microbiology},
	volume = {84},
	number = {15},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {e02860-17},
	type = {Journal Article},
	doi = {10.1128/AEM.02860-17},
	url = {http://aem.asm.org/content/84/15/e02860-17.abstract},
	author = {Schutte, Charles A. and Teske, Andreas and MacGregor, Barbara J. and Salman-Carvalho, Verena and Lavik, Gaute and Hach, Philipp and de Beer, Dirk}
}
@article {RN2338,
	title = {The Final Stages of Slip and Volcanism on an Oceanic Detachment Fault at 13 degrees 48 {\textquoteright} N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge},
	journal = {Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems},
	volume = {19},
	number = {9},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {3115-3127},
	type = {Journal Article},
	issn = {1525-2027},
	doi = {10.1029/2018GC007536},
	author = {Parnell-Turner, R. E. and Mittelstaedt, E. and Kurz, M. D. and Jones, M. R. and Soule, S. A. and Klein, F. and Wanless, V. D. and Fornari, D. J.}
}
@article {2487,
	title = {First HOV Alvin study of the pelagic environment at Hydrographer Canyon (NW Atlantic)},
	journal = {Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
	volume = {150},
	year = {2018},
	month = {2018},
	pages = {30 - 40},
	abstract = {Continental slope canyons off the United States Atlantic coast remain poorly studied, and in particular, the distributions of pelagic organisms in waters overlying these unique environments are not well documented. During the Early Career Scientist Deep Submergence Training cruise, AT36-EAGER, the distribution of organisms in the water column overlying Hydrographer Canyon, which cuts through the northwestern Atlantic continental margin, was investigated through daytime midwater observations using HOV Alvin (AD4831) at three depths. Mixed swarms of krill and Themisto sp. amphipods were observed at all depths surveyed. Observations centered at 250 m were also dominated by chaetognaths, copepods, and Phronima sp. amphipods, while at 500 and 750 m, the assemblages were dominated by the fishes in the families Paralepididae, Nemichthyidae, and Mytophidae. Additionally, measurements of methane, nitrous oxide, optical properties (absorbance and fluorescence), dissolved organic carbon, and base-extracted particulate organic carbon were made to better characterize the hydrography and biogeochemistry over Hydrographer Canyon. This study was aided by the use of telepresence to communicate between ship and shore-based researchers, and the expedition marks the first use of SMS messaging to communicate between the submersible and the ship. This study demonstrates the capabilities and utility of using Alvin for conducting water column science.},
	issn = {0967-0645},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2017.10.001},
	author = {Netburn, Amanda N. and Kinsey, Joanna D. and Bush, Stephanie L. and Djurhuus, Anni and Fernandez, Julianne and Hoffman, Colleen L. and McVeigh, Doreen M. and Twing, Katrina I. and Bagge, Laura}
}
@article {RN2357,
	title = {Five new deep-sea species of nudibranchs (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia: Cladobranchia) from the Northeast Pacific},
	journal = {Zootaxa},
	volume = {4526},
	number = {4},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {401-433},
	type = {Journal Article},
	issn = {1175-5326},
	doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.4526.4.1},
	author = {Valdes, A. and Lundsten, L. and Wilson, N. G.}
}
@article {Syverson2017,
	title = {{Fe isotope fractionation between chalcopyrite and dissolved Fe during hydrothermal recrystallization: An experimental study at 350 {\textdegree}C and 500 bars}},
	journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
	volume = {200},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {87{\textendash}109},
	abstract = {Equilibrium Fe isotope fractionation between chalcopyrite and dissolved Fe was determined in acidic chloride-bearing fluid at 350 {\textdegree}C and 500 bars. The study utilized deformable gold-cell technology, which allowed time-series sampling of solution during chalcopyrite recrystallization and isotope exchange. A key element of the experimental design involved the addition of anomalous dissolved 57Fe to an on-going experiment as a means of determining the degree and rate of isotope exchange. Taking explicit account of imposed chemical and isotopic mass balance constraints of Fe in fluid and mineral (chalcopyrite) reservoirs, these data indicate that no more than 1000 h is required for the isotopically anomalous dissolved Fe reservoir to exchange completely with the coexisting chalcopyrite. The experimental calibration of the rate of Fe isotope exchange for the $δ$57Fe-spiked experiment provides critical insight for the time necessary to achieve Fe isotope exchange in two non-spiked, but otherwise identical experiments. The Fe isotope data indicate that the equilibrium fractionation between chalcopyrite and dissolved Fe, $Δ$56FeCpy-Fe (aq), at 350 {\textdegree}C is small, 0.09 {\textpm} 0.17{\textperthousand} (2$\sigma$), and is in good agreement with recent theoretical equilibrium predictions. Owing to the apparent rate of Fe isotope exchange at 350 {\textdegree}C, it is likely that chalcopyrite formed at high temperature deep-sea vents (black smoker systems) achieves isotopic equilibrium, and effectively records the Fe isotopic composition of the coexisting end-member hydrothermal fluid. Comparison of the experimental mineral{\textendash}fluid equilibrium fractionation factors with conjugate chalcopyrite and dissolved Fe pairs sampled from high temperature hydrothermal vent systems at Axial Caldera and Main Endeavour Field (Juan de Fuca Ridge) are in agreement with this inference. The experimental data were further used to determine the mineral{\textendash}mineral equilibrium Fe isotope fractionation between pyrite-chalcopyrite, $Δ$56FePyr-Cpy, at 350 {\textdegree}C by combining previously determined pyrite-Fe2+(aq) equilibrium fractionation data with chalcopyrite-Fe2+(aq) from this study. The empirically determined $Δ$56FePyr-Cpy value, 0.90 {\textpm} 0.34{\textperthousand} (2$\sigma$), is consistent with theoretical predictions, and when coupled with mineral{\textendash}fluid Fe isotope fractionation systematics and experimentally determined exchange rates, helps to delineate processes of sulfide mineralization in hydrothermal systems.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2016.12.002},
	author = {Syverson, D D and Luhmann, A J and Tan, C Y and Borrok, D M and Ding, K and Seyfried, W E}
}
@article {ISI:000366805800006,
	title = {{{\textquoteleft}{\textquoteleft}Fingerprinting{\{}{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright}{\}} tectono-magmatic provenance using trace elements in igneous zircon}},
	journal = {CONTRIBUTIONS TO MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY},
	volume = {170},
	number = {5-6},
	year = {2015},
	month = {dec},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Over 5300 recent SHRIMP-RG analyses of trace elements (TE) in igneous zircon have been compiled and classified based on their original tectono-magmatic setting to empirically evaluate {\textquoteleft}{\textquoteleft}geochemical fingerprints{\{}{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright}{\}} unique to those settings. Immobile element geochemical fingerprints used for lavas are applied with the same rational to zircon, including consideration of mineral competition on zircon TE ratios, and new criteria for distinguishing mid-ocean ridge (MOR), magmatic arc, and ocean island (and other plume-influenced) settings are proposed. The elemental ratios in zircon effective for fingerprinting tectono-magmatic provenance are systematically related to lava composition from equivalent settings. Existing discrimination diagrams using zircon U/Yb versus Hf or Y do not distinguish TE-enriched ocean island settings (i.e., Iceland, Hawaii) from magmatic arc settings. However, bivariate diagrams with combined cation ratios involving U-Nb-Sc-Yb-Gd-Ce provide a more complete distinction of zircon from these settings. On diagrams of U/Yb versus Nb/Yb, most MOR, ocean island, and kimberlite zircon define a broad {\textquoteleft}{\textquoteleft}mantle-zircon array{\{}{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright}{\}}; arc zircon defines a parallel array offset to higher U/Yb. Distinctly low U/Yb ratios of MOR zircon (typically {\textless}0.1) mirror their parental magmas and long-term incompatible element depletion of the MORB mantle. Plume-influenced sources are distinguished from MOR by higher U/Yb, U/Nb, Nb/Yb, and Nb/Sc. For zircon with U/Yb {\textgreater}0.1, high Sc/Yb separates arc settings from low-Sc/Yb plume-influenced sources. The slope of scandium enrichment trends in zircon differ between MOR and continental arc settings, likely reflecting the involvement of amphibole during melt differentiation. Scandium is thus also critical for discriminating provenance, but its behavior in zircon probably reflects contrasting melt fractionation trends between tholeiitic and calc-alkaline systems more than compositional differences in primitive magmas sourced at each tectono-magmatic source.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle), ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {0010-7999},
	doi = {10.1007/s00410-015-1199-3},
	author = {Grimes, C B and Wooden, J L and Cheadle, M J and John, B E}
}
@article {ISI:000353354100014,
	title = {{From deep-sea volcanoes to human pathogens: a conserved quorum-sensing signal in Epsilonproteobacteria}},
	journal = {ISME Journal},
	volume = {9},
	number = {5},
	year = {2015},
	month = {may},
	pages = {1222{\textendash}1234},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Chemosynthetic Epsilonproteobacteria from deep-sea hydrothermal vents colonize substrates exposed to steep thermal and redox gradients. In many bacteria, substrate attachment, biofilm formation, expression of virulence genes and host colonization are partly controlled via a cell density-dependent mechanism involving signal molecules, known as quorum sensing. Within the Epsilonproteobacteria, quorum sensing has been investigated only in human pathogens that use the luxS/autoinducer-2 (AI-2) mechanism to control the expression of some of these functions. In this study we showed that luxS is conserved in Epsilonproteobacteria and that pathogenic and mesophilic members of this class inherited this gene from a thermophilic ancestor. Furthermore, we provide evidence that the luxS gene is expressed-and a quorum-sensing signal is produced-during growth of Sulfurovum lithotrophicum and Caminibacter mediatlanticus, two Epsilonproteobacteria from deep-sea hydrothermal vents. Finally, we detected luxS transcripts in Epsilonproteobacteria-dominated biofilm communities collected from deep-sea hydrothermal vents. Taken together, our findings indicate that the epsiloproteobacterial lineage of the LuxS enzyme originated in high-temperature geothermal environments and that, in vent Epsilonproteobacteria, luxS expression is linked to the production of AI-2 signals, which are likely produced in situ at deep-sea vents. We conclude that the luxS gene is part of the ancestral epsilonproteobacterial genome and represents an evolutionary link that connects thermophiles to human pathogens.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {1751-7362},
	doi = {10.1038/ismej.2014.214},
	author = {Perez-Rodriguez, Ileana and Bolognini, Marie and Ricci, Jessica and Bini, Elisabetta and Vetriani, Costantino}
}
@article {Brooke2014,
	title = {{First observations of the cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa in mid-Atlantic canyons of the USA}},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
	volume = {104},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {245{\textendash}251},
	abstract = {The structure-forming, cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa is widely distributed throughout the North Atlantic Ocean and also occurs in the South Atlantic, North Pacific and Indian oceans. This species has formed extensive reefs, chiefly in deep water, along the continental margins of Europe and the United States, particularly off the southeastern U.S. coastline and in the Gulf of Mexico. There were, however, no records of L. pertusa between the continental slope off Cape Lookout, North Carolina (NC) (\~{}34{\textdegree}N, 76{\textdegree}W), and the rocky Lydonia and Oceanographer canyons off Cape Cod, Massachusetts (MA) (\~{}40{\textdegree}N, 68{\textdegree}W). During a research cruise in September 2012, L. pertusa colonies were observed on steep walls in both Baltimore and Norfolk canyons. These colonies were all approximately 2 m or less in diameter, usually hemispherical in shape and consisted entirely of live polyps. The colonies were found between 381 m and 434 m with environmental observations of: temperature 6.4{\textendash}8.6 {\textdegree}C; salinity 35.0{\textendash}35.6; and dissolved oxygen 2.06{\textendash}4.41 ml L-1, all of which fall within the range of known L. pertusa distributions. All colonies were observed on vertical walls or underneath overhangs in areas of high current, which differs from observations further south, where L. pertusa colonizes rocky ledges and outcroppings, often forming large bioherms. We discuss observations from Baltimore and Norfolk canyons in the context of the known distribution of this species in the North Atlantic.},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {0967-0645},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.06.011},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0967064513002415},
	author = {Brooke, S and Ross, S W}
}
@article {ISI:000348463100008,
	title = {{Forever competent: deep-sea bivalves are colonized by their chemosynthetic symbionts throughout their lifetime}},
	journal = {ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY},
	volume = {16},
	number = {12, SI},
	year = {2014},
	month = {dec},
	pages = {3699{\textendash}3713},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Symbiotic bivalves at hydrothermal vents and cold seeps host chemosynthetic bacteria intracellularly in gill cells. In bivalves, the gills grow continuously throughout their lifetime by forming new filaments. We examined how newly developed gill tissues are colonized in bivalves with horizontal and vertical symbiont transmission (Bathymodiolus mussels versus a vesicoymid clam) using fluorescence in situ hybridization and transmission electron microscopy. Symbiont colonization was similar in mussels and clams and was independent of the transmission modes. Symbionts were absent in the growth zones of the gills, indicating that symbionts colonize newly formed gill filaments de novo after they are formed and that gill colonization is a continuous process throughout the host{\textquoteright}s lifetime. Symbiont abundance and distribution suggested that colonization is shaped by the developmental stage of host cells. Self-infection, in which new gill cells are colonized by symbionts from ontogenetically older gill tissues, may also play a role. In mussels, symbiont infection led to changes in gill cell structure similar to those described from other epithelial cells infected by intracellular pathogens, such as the loss of microvilli. A better understanding of the factors that affect symbiont colonization of bivalve gills could provide new insights into interactions between intracellular bacteria and epithelial tissues.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {1462-2912},
	doi = {10.1111/1462-2920.12597},
	author = {Wentrup, Cecilia and Wendeberg, Annelie and Schimak, Mario and Borowski, Christian and Dubilier, Nicole}
}
@article {Dziak2012a,
	title = {{Flux measurements of explosive degassing using a yearlong hydroacoustic record at an erupting submarine volcano}},
	journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
	volume = {13},
	number = {11},
	year = {2012},
	month = {nov},
	pages = {Q0AF07},
	abstract = {The output of gas and tephra from volcanoes is an inherently disorganized process that makes reliable flux estimates challenging to obtain. Continuous monitoring of gas flux has been achieved in only a few instances at subaerial volcanoes, but never for submarine volcanoes. Here we use the first sustained (yearlong) hydroacoustic monitoring of an erupting submarine volcano (NW Rota-1, Mariana arc) to make calculations of explosive gas flux from a volcano into the ocean. Bursts of Strombolian explosive degassing at the volcano summit (520 m deep) occurred at 1{\textendash}2 min intervals during the entire 12-month hydrophone record and commonly exhibited cyclic step-function changes between high and low intensity. Total gas flux calculated from the hydroacoustic record is 5.4 {\textpm} 0.6 Tg a-1, where the magmatic gases driving eruptions at NW Rota-1 are primarily H2O, SO2, and CO2. Instantaneous fluxes varied by a factor of \~{}100 over the deployment. Using melt inclusion information to estimate the concentration of CO2 in the explosive gases as 6.9 {\textpm} 0.7 wt {\%}, we calculate an annual CO2 eruption flux of 0.4 {\textpm} 0.1 Tg a-1. This result is within the range of measured CO2 fluxes at continuously erupting subaerial volcanoes, and represents \~{}0.2{\textendash}0.6{\%} of the annual estimated output of CO2from all subaerial arc volcanoes, and \~{}0.4{\textendash}0.6{\%} of the mid-ocean ridge flux. The multiyear eruptive history of NW Rota-1 demonstrates that submarine volcanoes can be significant and sustained sources of CO2 to the shallow ocean.},
	issn = {1525-2027},
	doi = {10.1029/2012GC004211},
	author = {Dziak, R P and Baker, E T and Shaw, A M and Bohnenstiehl, D R and Chadwick, W W and Haxel, J H and Matsumoto, H and Walker, S L}
}
@article {Schmidt2011,
	title = {{Fluid elemental and stable isotope composition of the Nibelungen hydrothermal field (8 degrees18{\textquoteright}S, Mid-Atlantic Ridge): Constraints on fluid-rock interaction in heterogeneous lithosphere}},
	journal = {Chemical Geology},
	volume = {280},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {1{\textendash}18},
	abstract = {Depending on the geological setting, the interaction of submarine hydrothermal fluids with the host rock leads to distinct energy and mass transfers between the lithosphere and the hydrosphere. The Nibelungen hydrothermal field is located at 8{\textdegree}18'S, about 9~km off-axis of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR). At 3000~m water depth, 372~{\textdegree}C hot, acidic fluids emanate directly from the bottom, without visible sulfide chimney formation. Hydrothermal fluids obtained in 2009 are characterized by low H2S concentrations (1.1~mM), a depletion of B (192~$μ$M) relative to seawater, lower Si (13.7~mM) and Li (391~$μ$M) concentrations relative to basaltic-hosted hydrothermal systems and a large positive Eu anomaly, and display a distinct stable isotope signature of hydrogen (∆2HH2O~=~7.6{\textendash}8.7{\textperthousand}) and of oxygen (∆18OH2O~=~2.2{\textendash}2.4{\textperthousand}). The heavy hydrogen isotopic signature of the Nibelungen fluids is a specific feature of ultramafic-hosted hydrothermal systems and is mainly controlled by the formation of OH-bearing alteration minerals like serpentine, brucite, and tremolite during pervasive serpentinization. New isotopic data obtained for the ultramafic-hosted Logatchev I field at 14{\textdegree}45'N, MAR (∆2HH2O~=~3.8{\textendash}4.2{\textperthousand}) display a similar trend, being clearly distinguished from other, mafic-hosted hydrothermal systems at the MAR. The fluid geochemistry at Nibelungen kept stable since the first sampling campaign in 2006 and is evident for a hybrid alteration of mafic and ultramafic rocks in the subseafloor. Whereas the ultramafic-fingerprint parameters Si, Li, B, Eu anomaly and ∆2HH2O distinguish the Nibelungen field from other hydrothermal systems venting in basaltic settings at similar physico-chemical conditions and are related to the interaction with mantle rocks, the relatively high concentrations of trace alkali elements, Pb, and Tl can only be attributed to the alteration of melt-derived gabbroic rocks. The elemental and isotopic composition of the fluid suggest a multi-step alteration sequence: (1) low- to medium-temperature alteration of gabbroic rocks, (2) pervasive serpentinization at moderate to high temperatures, and (3) limited high-temperature interaction with basaltic rocks during final ascent of the fluid. The integrated water/rock ratio for the Nibelungen hydrothermal system is about 0.5. The fluid compositional fingerprint at Nibelungen is similar to the ultramafic-hosted Logatchev I fluids with respect to key parameters. Some compositional differences can be ascribed to different alteration temperatures and other fluid pathways involving a variety of source rocks, higher water/rock ratios, and sulfide precipitation in the sub-seafloor at Logatchev I.},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {0009-2541},
	doi = {10.1016/j.chemgeo.2010.07.008},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2010.07.008},
	author = {Schmidt, K and Garbe-Schonberg, D and Koschinsky, A and Strauss, H and Jost, C L and Klevenz, V and Koniger, P}
}
@article {Tunnicliffe2010,
	title = {{Flatfish at seamount hydrothermal vents show strong genetic divergence between volcanic arcs}},
	journal = {Marine Ecology-an Evolutionary Perspective},
	volume = {31},
	year = {2010},
	month = {sep},
	pages = {158{\textendash}167},
	abstract = {Hydrothermal vents near the summits of seamounts in Western Pacific volcanic arcs foster dense populations of flatfishes, a group otherwise unknown at vents. We examined genetic divergence among populations of a symphurine tonguefish described as Symphurus thermophilus Munroe {\&} Hashimoto from sites up to 6000 km apart in the Western Pacific to explore connectivity patterns among seamounts. Average genetic divergence between individuals from the Mariana Arc and the Tonga-Kermadec Arcs was 14.2{\%} (COI) and 9.0{\%} (16S), whereas within-arc divergences were {\textless}0.3{\%}. We found that the Tonga-Kermadec individuals represent a cryptic species, Symphurus sp. A, displaying similar phenotypic features and behaviour to the Mariana Arc S. thermophilus. We also sequenced another distinctive symphurine species; Symphurus sp. B. Collections and image records from three expeditions to the Tonga and Kermadec arcs revealed characteristics of the distribution, dispersion, behaviour and morphology of these flatfish species. These two new Symphurus species inhabit vents where native sulphur occurs in excess and depths are {\textless}600 m. Substratum range of Symphurus sp. A was wide, including mussel beds, rock surfaces and sediments in densities that may exceed 100 m-2. Reproductive females were present. The complex and diverse nature of volcanic settings of hydrothermalism introduces a wide variety of habitat conditions that likely augments diversity of faunas on seamounts in distinct biogeographic provinces.},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {0173-9565},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1439-0485.2010.00370.x},
	author = {Tunnicliffe, V and Koop, B F and Tyler, J and So, Stacy}
}
@article {ISI:000276024300001,
	title = {{Flow rate perturbations in a black smoker hydrothermal vent in response to a mid-ocean ridge earthquake swarm}},
	journal = {GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2010},
	month = {mar},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Although there is indirect evidence for strong connections between tectonic processes and mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal flow, there are no direct observations of these links, primarily because measuring flow in these systems is difficult. Here we use an optical analysis technique to obtain a 44 day record of flow rate changes in a black smoker vent in the Main Endeavour field of the Juan de Fuca Ridge. We show that variations in the flow rate coincide with an earthquake swarm observed using an ocean bottom seismometer array. These observations indicate that connections between tectonics and flow are indeed strong, that hydraulic connections within this hydrothermal system are long ranging, and that enhanced tidal pumping of fluids may be initiated by earthquake activity. Because the effects of the swarm cross over an intervening vent field, we infer that the upflow zones feeding this field are narrow. Using the time lag between the swarm onset and the flow rate changes we estimate that the bulk permeability of the crust on the Endeavour segment ranges from 3.0 x 10(-13) m(2) to 6.0 x 10(-12) m(2).},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {1525-2027},
	doi = {10.1029/2009GC002926},
	author = {Crone, Timothy J and Wilcock, William S D and McDuff, Russell E}
}
@article {ISI:000276314000001,
	title = {{Fluid sources and pathways of the Costa Rica erosional convergent margin}},
	journal = {GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2010},
	month = {apr},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The margins community has only relatively recently begun to examine the tectonics and associated hydrologic systems of erosive convergent margins, which are substantially different as compared with accretionary margins. In this respect, the type example erosive margin is the Costa Rica system, which has been the subject of numerous recent large-scale investigations. Here pore fluids expelled at the wedge toe and at midslope mounds and mud volcanoes have been interpreted to have a common deep source of dehydrating clays, analogous to that at accretionary margins. However, we report unusually high B/Li molar ratios in pore fluids from a recent mudflow on Mound 11, offshore Costa Rica, which, together with unusually low B/Li ratios previously reported at the wedge toe, reveal that alternative fluid sources and/or processes must be operating at the Costa Rica margin. As serpentine formation is the only subduction zone process that significantly fractionates B and Li, we propose that the difference in fluid chemical composition is the result of erosion of upper plate serpentinites, ongoing serpentinization, and serpentine mineral phase transitions in the subduction channel. These processes provide both a source of fluids and fluid pathways that lead to the unique geochemical signature observed at this erosional margin. This conclusion is compatible with, and supported by, the current view of the tectonics, geology, and hydrogeology of the Costa Rica margin and the similarity of the pore fluid to that of two other convergent margins, both with known fluid/serpentinite interactions.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {1525-2027},
	doi = {10.1029/2009GC002818},
	author = {Tryon, Michael D and Wheat, C Geoffrey and Hilton, David R}
}
@article {ISI:000280633000010,
	title = {{Functional genes as markers for sulfur cycling and CO2 fixation in microbial communities of hydrothermal vents of the Logatchev field}},
	journal = {FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY},
	volume = {73},
	number = {3},
	year = {2010},
	month = {sep},
	pages = {526{\textendash}537},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Life at deep-sea hydrothermal vents depends on chemolithoautotrophic microorganisms as primary producers mediating the transfer of energy from hydrothermal fluids to higher trophic levels. A comprehensive molecular survey was performed with microbial communities in a mussel patch at the Irina II site of the Logatchev hydrothermal field by combining the analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences with studies of functional key genes involved in biochemical pathways of sulfur oxidation-reduction (soxB, aprA) and autotrophic carbon fixation (aclB, cbbM, cbbL). Most significantly, major groups of chemoautotrophic sulfur oxidizers in the diffuse fluids differed in their biosynthetic pathways of both carbon fixation and sulfur oxidation. One important component of the community, the Epsilonproteobacteria, has the potential to grow chemoautotrophically by means of the reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle and to gain energy through the oxidation of reduced sulfur compounds using the Sox pathway. The majority of soxB and all retrieved aclB gene sequences were assigned to this group. Another important group in this habitat, the Gammaproteobacteria, may use the adenosine 5{\textquoteright}-phosphosulfate pathway and the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle, deduced from the presence of aprA and cbbM genes. Hence, two important groups of primary producers at the investigated site might use different pathways for sulfur oxidation and carbon fixation.},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {0168-6496},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1574-6941.2010.00919.x},
	author = {Huegler, Michael and Gaertner, Andrea and Imhoff, Johannes F}
}
@article {Moore2008,
	title = {{False boarfish Neocyttus helgae in the Western North Atlantic}},
	journal = {Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History},
	volume = {49},
	number = {1},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {31{\textendash}41},
	keywords = {AUV ABE (Autonomous Benthic Explorer), HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0079-032X},
	doi = {10.3374/0079-032X(2008)49[31:FBNHIT]2.0.CO;2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3374/0079-032X(2008)49[31:FBNHIT]2.0.CO 2},
	author = {Moore, J A and Auster, P J and Calini, D and Heinonen, K and Barber, K and Hecker, B}
}
@mastersthesis {Cho2008,
	title = {{Faunal biogeography, community structure, and genetic connectivity of North Atlantic seamounts}},
	volume = {Ph.D.},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {177},
	school = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	type = {phd},
	address = {Cambridge, MA and Woods Hole, MA},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	doi = {10.1575/1912/2633},
	url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1912/2633},
	author = {Cho, W W}
}
@article {Qin2008,
	title = {{The Fe/Mn ratio in MORB and OIB determined by ICP-MS}},
	journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
	volume = {72},
	number = {6},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {1660{\textendash}1677},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0016-7037},
	doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2008.01.012},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2008.01.012},
	author = {Qin, L and Humayun, M}
}
@article {Melchert2008,
	title = {{First evidence for high-temperature off-axis venting of deep crustal/mantle heat: The Nibelungen hydrothermal field, southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge}},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {275},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {61{\textendash}69},
	keywords = {AUV ABE (Autonomous Benthic Explorer)},
	issn = {0012-821X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2008.08.010},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2008.08.010},
	author = {Melchert, B and Devey, C W and German, C R and Lackschewitz, K S and Seifert, R and Walter, M and Mertens, C and Yoerger, D R and Baker, E T and Paulick, H and Nakamura, K}
}
@article {Hsu-Kim2008,
	title = {{Formation of Zn- and Fe-sulfides near hydrothermal vents at the Eastern Lau Spreading Center: implications for sulfide bioavailability to chemoautotrophs}},
	journal = {Geochemical Transactions},
	volume = {9},
	number = {6},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {6},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {1467-4866},
	doi = {10.1186/1467-4866-9-6},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1467-4866-9-6},
	author = {Hsu-Kim, H and Mullaugh, K M and Tsang, J J and Yucel, M and Luther, G W}
}
@article {Hayman2007,
	title = {{Faults and damage zones in fast-spread crust exposed on the north wall of the Hess Deep Rift: Conduits and seals in seafloor hydrothermal systems}},
	journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {Q10002},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle), ROV Argo (Remotely Operated Vehicle), ROV DSL-120 (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {1525-2027},
	doi = {10.1029/2007GC001623},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007GC001623},
	author = {Hayman, N W and Karson, J A}
}
@mastersthesis {Canache2007,
	title = {{Fishes of the New England Seamounts}},
	volume = {B.A.},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {21},
	school = {Florida Atlantic University},
	type = {phd},
	address = {Boca Raton, FL},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	url = {http://digitool.fcla.edu/R/KMER68Q44RTTS8MLPRJN3FHK5UC743JEHCXVYLG7N6SCUDEUGQ-02078?func=results-full},
	author = {Canache, C}
}
@article {VanDover2007a,
	title = {{A fungal epizootic in mussels at a deep-sea hydrothermal vent}},
	journal = {Marine Ecology},
	volume = {28},
	number = {1},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {54{\textendash}62},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {0173-9565},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1439-0485.2006.00121.x},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0485.2006.00121.x},
	author = {Van Dover, C L and Ward, M E and Scott, J L and Underdown, J and Anderson, B and Gustafson, C and Whalen, M and Carnegie, R B}
}
@article {Ludwig2006,
	title = {{Formation and evolution of carbonate chimneys at the Lost City Hydrothermal Field}},
	journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
	volume = {70},
	number = {14},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {3625{\textendash}3645},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0016-7037},
	doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2006.04.016},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2006.04.016},
	author = {Ludwig, K A and Kelley, D S and Butterfield, D A and Nelson, B K and Fruh-Green, G L}
}
@article {Garry2006,
	title = {{Formation of submarine lava channel textures: Insights from laboratory simulations}},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
	volume = {111},
	number = {B3},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {B03104},
	keywords = {ROV Argo (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {0148-0227},
	doi = {10.1029/2005jb003796},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005jb003796},
	author = {Garry, W B and Gregg, T K P and Soule, S A and Fornari, D J}
}
@article {Voight2005,
	title = {{First report of the enigmatic echinoderm Xyloplax from the North Pacific}},
	journal = {Biological Bulletin},
	volume = {208},
	number = {2},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {77{\textendash}80},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0006-3185},
	url = {http://www.biolbull.org/cgi/reprint/208/2/77},
	author = {Voight, J R}
}
@article {Stewart2005,
	title = {{Four-dimensional upper crustal construction at fast-spreading mid-ocean ridges: A perspective from an upper crustal cross-section at the Hess Deep Rift}},
	journal = {Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research},
	volume = {144},
	number = {1-4},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {287{\textendash}309},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle), ROV Argo (Remotely Operated Vehicle), ROV DSL-120 (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {0377-0273},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.11.026},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.11.026},
	author = {Stewart, M A and Karson, J A and Klein, E M}
}
@article {Dahlgren2004,
	title = {{Fauna of whale falls: Systematics and ecology of a new polychaete (Annelida: Chrysopetalidae) from the deep Pacific Ocean.}},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
	volume = {51},
	number = {12},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {1873{\textendash}1887},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0967-0637},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2004.07.017},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2004.07.017},
	author = {Dahlgren, T and Glover, A G and Baco, A R and Smith, C R}
}
@article {Ward2003,
	title = {{Functional morphology and feeding strategy of the hydrothermal-vent polychaete Archinome rosacea (Amphinomidae)}},
	journal = {Canadian Journal of Zoology},
	volume = {81},
	number = {4},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {582{\textendash}590},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0008-4301},
	doi = {10.1139/z03-034},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z03-034},
	author = {Ward, M E and Jenkins, C D and Van Dover, C L}
}
@article {Smith2002,
	title = {{Faunal succession on replicate deep-sea whale falls:time scales and vent-seep affinities}},
	journal = {Cahiers de Biologie Marine},
	volume = {43},
	number = {3-4},
	year = {2002},
	pages = {293{\textendash}297},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0007-9723},
	url = {http://cbm-online.sb-roscoff.fr/pdf/cb43-3-293-297.pdf},
	author = {Smith, C R and Baco, A R and Glover, A G}
}
@article {Biscoito2002,
	title = {{Fishes from the hydrothermal vents and cold seeps: An update}},
	journal = {Cahiers de Biologie Marine},
	volume = {43},
	number = {3-4},
	year = {2002},
	pages = {359{\textendash}362},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle), ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {0007-9723},
	url = {http://cbm-online.sb-roscoff.fr/pdf/cb43-3-359-362.pdf},
	author = {Biscoito, M and Segonzac, M and Almeida, A J and Desbruyeres, D and Geistdoerfer, P and Turnipseed, M and Van Dover, C L}
}
@article {Torres2002,
	title = {{Fluid and chemical flux in and out of sediments hosting methane hydrate deposits on Hydrate Ridge, OR, II: Hydrological processes}},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {201},
	number = {3-4},
	year = {2002},
	pages = {525{\textendash}540},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0012-821X},
	doi = {10.1016/S0012-821X(02)00733-1},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(02)00732-X http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(02)00733-1},
	author = {Torres, M E and McManus, J and Hammond, D E and De Angelis, M A and Heeschen, K U and Colbert, S L and Tryon, M D and Brown, K M and Suess, E and Torres, M E}
}
@article {Laubier2002,
	title = {{French contribution to hydrothermal vent and cold-seep biology and ecology}},
	journal = {Cahiers de Biologie Marine},
	volume = {43},
	number = {3-4},
	year = {2002},
	pages = {225{\textendash}230},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0007-9723},
	url = {http://cbm-online.sb-roscoff.fr/pdf/cb43-3-225-230.pdf},
	author = {Laubier, L}
}
@article {Gillis2001,
	title = {{Fluid flow patterns in fast spreading East Pacific Rise crust exposed at Hess Deep}},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
	volume = {106},
	number = {B11},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {26,311{\textendash}326,329},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0148-0227},
	doi = {10.1029/2000JB000038},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JB000038},
	author = {Gillis, K M and Muehlenbachs, K and Stewart, M and Gleeson, T and Karson, J A}
}
@article {Hourdez2001,
	title = {{Functional respiratory anatomy of a deep-sea orbiniid polychaete from the Brine Pool NR-1 in the Gulf of Mexico}},
	journal = {Invertebrate Biology},
	volume = {120},
	number = {1},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {29{\textendash}40},
	issn = {1077-8306},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1744-7410.2001.tb00023.x},
	author = {Hourdez, S and Frederick, L A and Schernecke, A and Fisher, C R}
}
@article {Miller2000,
	title = {{Feeding selectivity and rapid particle processing by deep-sea megafaunal deposit feeders: A super(234)Th tracer approach}},
	journal = {Journal of Marine Research},
	volume = {58},
	number = {4},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {653{\textendash}673},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0022-2402},
	doi = {10.1357/002224000321511061},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1357/002224000321511061},
	author = {Miller, R J and Smith, C R and DeMaster, D J and Fornes, W L}
}
@inbook {Yoerger2000,
	title = {{Fine-scale seafloor survey in rugged deep-ocean terrain with an autonomous robot}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings: 2000 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation April 24-28, 2000, San Francisco Hilton Hotel, San Francisco, California},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {1787{\textendash}1792},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	address = {Piscataway, N.J.},
	isbn = {0-7803-5886-4},
	doi = {10.1109/ROBOT.2000.844854},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ROBOT.2000.844854},
	author = {Yoerger, D R}
}
@article {Yoerger2000a,
	title = {{Fine-scale three-dimensional mapping of a deep-sea hydrothermal vent site using the Jason ROV system}},
	journal = {International Journal of Robotics Research},
	volume = {19},
	number = {11},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {1000{\textendash}1014},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {0278-3649},
	doi = {10.1177/02783640022067931},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02783640022067931},
	author = {Yoerger, D R}
}
@article {Gebruk2000a,
	title = {{Food sources, behaviour, and distribution of hydrothermal vent shrimps at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge}},
	journal = {Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom},
	volume = {80},
	number = {3},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {485{\textendash}499},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0025-3154},
	doi = {10.1017/S0025315400002186},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0025315400002186},
	author = {Gebruk, A V and Southward, E C and Kennedy, H and Southward, A J}
}
@article {Davis2000,
	title = {{Formation-scale hydraulic and mechanical properties of oceanic crust inferred from pore pressure response to periodic seafloor loading}},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
	volume = {105},
	number = {B6},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {13,413{\textendash}423,435},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0148-0227},
	doi = {10.1029/2000JB900084},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JB900084},
	author = {Davis, E E and Wang, K and Becker, K and Thomson, R E}
}
@article {Fryer2000,
	title = {{Future research directions in deep submergence science}},
	journal = {Marine Technology Society Journal},
	volume = {33},
	number = {4},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {74{\textendash}79},
	issn = {0025-3324},
	author = {Fryer, P and Fornari, D J and Perfit, M R}
}
@article {Cailliet1999,
	title = {{Fish faunal and habitat analyses using trawls, camera sleds and submersibles in benthic deep-sea habitats off central California}},
	journal = {Oceanologica Acta},
	volume = {22},
	number = {6},
	year = {1999},
	pages = {579{\textendash}592},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0399-1784},
	doi = {10.1016/S0399-1784(00)88949-5},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0399-1784(00)88949-5},
	author = {Cailliet, G M and Andrews, A H and Wakefield, W W and Moreno, G and Rhodes, K L}
}
@inbook {Karson1998a,
	title = {{Fault rocks from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 24 degrees N}},
	booktitle = {Fault-Related Rocks: A Photographic Atlas},
	year = {1998},
	pages = {194{\textendash}197},
	publisher = {Princeton University Press},
	organization = {Princeton University Press},
	address = {Princeton, N.J.},
	isbn = {0691012202},
	author = {Karson, J A},
	editor = {Snoke, A W}
}
@book {Buck1998,
	title = {{Faulting and magmatism at mid-ocean ridges}},
	series = {Geophysical Monograph},
	year = {1998},
	publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
	organization = {American Geophysical Union},
	address = {Washington, D.C.},
	isbn = {0875900895},
	author = {Buck, W R and Delaney, P T and Karson, J A and Lagabrielle, L}
}
@article {Saldanha1997,
	title = {{Fishes from the Lucky Strike and Menez Gwen hydrothermal vent sites (Mid-Atlantic Ridge)}},
	journal = {Boletim do Museu Municipal do Funchal},
	volume = {49},
	year = {1997},
	pages = {189{\textendash}206},
	issn = {0870-3876},
	author = {Saldanha, L and Biscoito, M}
}
@article {Bennett1994,
	title = {{Faunal community structure of a chemoautotrophic assemblage on whale bones in the deep Northeast Pacific Ocean}},
	journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series},
	volume = {108},
	number = {3},
	year = {1994},
	pages = {205{\textendash}223},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0171-8630},
	doi = {10.3354/meps108205},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps108205},
	author = {Bennett, B A and Smith, C R and Glaser, B and Maybaum, H L}
}
@article {Tivey1994a,
	title = {{The fine-scale magnetic anomaly field over the Southern Juan de Fuca Ridge: The axial magnetic low and implications for crustal structure}},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
	volume = {99},
	number = {B3},
	year = {1994},
	pages = {4833{\textendash}4855},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0148-0227},
	doi = {10.1029/93JB02110},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/93JB02110},
	author = {Tivey, M A}
}
@article {Saldanha1994,
	title = {{Fishes observed and collected during the Alvin dives at the Lucky Strike thermal vent site (Mid-Atlantic Ridgs -1993)}},
	journal = {Cybium},
	volume = {18},
	number = {4},
	year = {1994},
	pages = {460{\textendash}462},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0399-0974},
	author = {Saldanha, L}
}
@article {Ballard1993a,
	title = {{Fine-scale mapping programs using Jason ROV system}},
	journal = {EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
	volume = {74},
	number = {43 (Fall Meet. Suppl.)},
	year = {1993},
	pages = {561},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {0096-3941},
	author = {Ballard, R D}
}
@article {Haymon1992a,
	title = {{From hot lava to tall spires of "burning rocks": Initiation and first-year growth of chimneys at new vents on the East Pacific Rise (EPR) at 9 degrees 45-52{\textquoteright}N}},
	journal = {EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
	volume = {73},
	number = {43 (Fall Meeting Suppl.)},
	year = {1992},
	pages = {524},
	issn = {0096-3941},
	author = {Haymon, R M}
}
@inbook {Hover1992,
	title = {{Full-scale experiments in open-loop positioning of a deep towfish}},
	booktitle = {Oceans {\textquoteright}92: Mastering the oceans through technology: Proceedings},
	volume = {2},
	year = {1992},
	pages = {906{\textendash}911},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	address = {New York, N.Y.},
	isbn = {0-7803-0838-7},
	doi = {10.1109/OCEANS.1992.607705},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1992.607705},
	author = {Hover, F S and Yoerger, D R}
}
@inbook {Elder1991,
	title = {{Fiber optic telemetry in Jason, the ROV}},
	booktitle = {Intervention/ROV {\textquoteright}91 Conference {\&} Exposition: May 21-23, 1991, Diplomat Resort and Convention Center, Hollywood, Florida},
	year = {1991},
	pages = {78{\textendash}84},
	publisher = {Marine Technology Society ROV Committee},
	organization = {Marine Technology Society ROV Committee},
	address = {San Diego, Calif.},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	author = {Elder, R L}
}
@article {McLean1991,
	title = {{Four new pseudococculinid limpets collected by the deep-submersible Alvin in the eastern Pacific}},
	journal = {Veliger},
	volume = {34},
	number = {1},
	year = {1991},
	pages = {38{\textendash}47},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0042-3211},
	author = {McLean, J H}
}
@article {Newman1990a,
	title = {{Fiber-optic data network for the Argo/Jason vehicle systems}},
	journal = {IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering},
	volume = {15},
	number = {2},
	year = {1990},
	pages = {66{\textendash}71},
	keywords = {ROV Argo (Remotely Operated Vehicle), ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {0364-9059},
	doi = {10.1109/48.50691},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/48.50691},
	author = {Newman, J B}
}
@mastersthesis {Wheat1990,
	title = {{Fluid circulation and diagenesis in an off-axis hydrothermal system: the Mariana Mounds}},
	volume = {Ph.D.},
	year = {1990},
	pages = {216},
	school = {University of Washington},
	type = {phd},
	address = {Seattle, Wash.},
	author = {Wheat, C G}
}
@article {Carson1990,
	title = {{Fluid flow and mass flux determinations at vent sites on the Cascadia margin accretionary prism}},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
	volume = {95},
	number = {B6},
	year = {1990},
	pages = {8891{\textendash}8897},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0148-0227},
	doi = {10.1029/JB095iB06p08891},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/JB095iB06p08891},
	author = {Carson, B and Suess, E and Strasser, J C}
}
@book {Jannasch1989c,
	title = {{Final Report on R/V Atlantis II (voyage No. 118-28) and DSRV Alvin (dive series 3-88) to conduct microbiological research at the Guayman Basin hydrothermal vents During 31 January - 9 February 1988}},
	series = {WHOI unnumbered reports},
	year = {1989},
	pages = {var.},
	publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	organization = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	address = {Woods Hole, Mass.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	author = {Jannasch, H W}
}
@inbook {Triantafyllou1988,
	title = {{A full-scale experiment and theoretical study of the dynamics of underwater vehicles employing very long tethers}},
	booktitle = {BOSS {\textquoteright}88 : proceedings of the International Conference on Behavior of Offshore Structures, Trondheim, Norway, June 1988},
	volume = {2},
	year = {1988},
	pages = {549{\textendash}563},
	publisher = {Tapir Publishers},
	organization = {Tapir Publishers},
	address = {Trondheim, Norway},
	isbn = {8251908558},
	author = {Triantafyllou, M S and Engebretsen, K and Burgess, J J and Yoerger, D R and Grosenbaugh, M A},
	editor = {Moan, T}
}
@inbook {Karson1987b,
	title = {{Factors controlling the orientation of dykes in ophiolites and oceanic crust}},
	booktitle = {Mafic dyke swarms: A collection of papers based on the proceedings of an international conference held at Erindale College, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada, June 4 to 7, 1985},
	series = {Geological Association of Canada special paper},
	number = {34},
	year = {1987},
	pages = {229{\textendash}241},
	publisher = {Geological Association of Canada},
	organization = {Geological Association of Canada},
	address = {St. John{\textquoteright}s, Nfld., Canada},
	isbn = {0919216331},
	author = {Karson, J A},
	editor = {Halls, H C}
}
@article {Smith1987b,
	title = {{Food energy supply and demand: A discrepancy between particulate organic carbon flux and sediment community oxygen consumption in the deep ocean}},
	journal = {Limnology and Oceanography},
	volume = {32},
	number = {1},
	year = {1987},
	pages = {201{\textendash}220},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0024-3590},
	url = {http://www.aslo.org/lo/toc/vol{\_}32/issue{\_}1/0201.pdf},
	author = {Smith, K L}
}
@article {Smith1985,
	title = {{Food for the deep sea: utilization, dispersal, and flux of nekton falls at the Santa Catalina Basin floor}},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers},
	volume = {32},
	number = {4},
	year = {1985},
	pages = {417{\textendash}442},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0198-0149},
	doi = {10.1016/0198-0149(85)90089-5},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(85)90089-5},
	author = {Smith, C R}
}
@article {Dymond1984,
	title = {{Ferromanganese nodules from MANOP Sites H, S, and R; control of mineralogical and chemical composition by multiple accretionary processes}},
	journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
	volume = {48},
	number = {5},
	year = {1984},
	pages = {931{\textendash}949},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0016-7037},
	doi = {10.1016/0016-7037(84)90186-8},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(84)90186-8},
	author = {Dymond, J and Lyle, M and Finney, B and Piper, D Z and Murphy, K and Conard, R and Pisias, N}
}
@inbook {Duane1983,
	title = {{Federal program in marine polymetallic sulfide research}},
	booktitle = {Oceans {\textquoteright}83: San Francisco, August 29-September 1, 1983: Conference},
	year = {1983},
	pages = {825{\textendash}827},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	address = {New York, N.Y.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	doi = {10.1109/OCEANS.1983.1152108},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1983.1152108},
	author = {Duane, D B and Henrichs, D F and Offield, T W}
}
@article {Cohen1983,
	title = {{The fish fauna of the Galapagos thermal vent region}},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers},
	volume = {30},
	number = {4},
	year = {1983},
	pages = {371{\textendash}379},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0198-0149},
	doi = {10.1016/0198-0149(83)90072-9},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(83)90072-9},
	author = {Cohen, D M and Haedrich, R L}
}
@article {Robb1983,
	title = {{Furrowed outcrops of Eocene chalk on the lower continental slope offshore New Jersey}},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {11},
	number = {3},
	year = {1983},
	pages = {182{\textendash}186},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0091-7613},
	doi = {10.1130/0091-7613(1983)11<182:FOOECO>2.0.CO;2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1983)11{\%}3C182:FOOECO{\%}3E2.0.CO 2},
	author = {Robb, J M and Kirby, J R and Hampson, J C and Gibson, P R and Hecker, B}
}
@article {Machado1982,
	title = {{Fine-scale isotopic heterogeneity in the sub-Atlantic mantle}},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {295},
	number = {5846},
	year = {1982},
	pages = {226{\textendash}228},
	issn = {0028-0836},
	doi = {10.1038/295226a0},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/295226a0},
	author = {Machado, N and Ludden, J N and Brooks, C and Thompson, G}
}
@inbook {Bryan1982,
	title = {{Fractionation, partial melting, and mixing in normal basalts from 22-25 degrees N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the Symposium on the Activity of Oceanic Volcanoes},
	series = {Arquipelago, Serie Ciencias da Natureza},
	number = {3},
	year = {1982},
	pages = {135{\textendash}144},
	publisher = {Universidade dos Acores},
	organization = {Universidade dos Acores},
	address = {Ponta Delgada, Portugal},
	author = {Bryan, W B},
	editor = {Baker, P E}
}
@article {Team1981,
	title = {{First manned submersible dives on the East Pacific Rise at 21 degrees N (project RITA): general results}},
	journal = {Marine Geophysical Researches},
	volume = {4},
	number = {4},
	year = {1981},
	pages = {345{\textendash}379},
	issn = {0025-3235},
	doi = {10.1007/BF00286034},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00286034},
	author = {Team, CYAMEX Scientific and Francheteau, J and Needham, H D and Choukroune, P and Juteau, T and Seguret, M and Ballard, R D and Fox, P J and Normark, W R and Carranza, A and Cordoba, D and Guerrero, J and Rangin, C}
}
@article {Arp1981a,
	title = {{Functional characteristics of the blood of the deep sea hydrothermal vent brachyuran crab}},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {214},
	number = {4520},
	year = {1981},
	pages = {559{\textendash}561},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0036-8075},
	doi = {10.1126/science.214.4520.559},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.214.4520.559},
	author = {Arp, A J and Childress, J J}
}
@article {Edmond1979,
	title = {{On the formation of metal-rich deposits at ridge crests}},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {46},
	number = {1},
	year = {1979},
	pages = {19{\textendash}30},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0012-821X},
	doi = {10.1016/0012-821X(79)90062-1},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(79)90062-1},
	author = {Edmond, J M and Measures, C and Mangum, B and Grant, B and Sclater, F R and Collier, R and Hudson, A and Gordon, L I and Corliss, J B}
}
@article {2422,
	title = {{French, American scientists to cooperate in oceanography}},
	journal = {Sea Technology},
	volume = {19},
	number = {2},
	year = {1978},
	pages = {16},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0093-3651}
}
@mastersthesis {Gardner1977,
	title = {{Fluxes, dynamics and chemistry of particulates in the ocean}},
	volume = {Ph.D.},
	year = {1977},
	pages = {405},
	school = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	type = {phd},
	address = {Cambridge, MA and Woods Hole, MA},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	doi = {10.1575/1912/1546},
	url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1912/1546},
	author = {Gardner, W D}
}
@article {Heirtzler1975a,
	title = {{The floor of the Mid-Atlantic Rift}},
	journal = {Scientific American},
	volume = {233},
	number = {2},
	year = {1975},
	pages = {79{\textendash}90},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0036-8733},
	author = {Heirtzler, J R and Bryan, W B}
}
@inbook {Pesch1975,
	title = {{Force feedback systems in undersea manipulator applications}},
	booktitle = {Second Conference on Remotely Manned Systems (RMS): Technology and Applications},
	year = {1975},
	pages = {57{\textendash}58},
	publisher = {[s.n.]},
	organization = {[s.n.]},
	address = {[s.l.]},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	author = {Pesch, A J and Bertsche, W R and Winget, C L}
}
@article {Heirtzler1974,
	title = {{FAMOUS: A plate tectonic study of the genesis of the lithosphere}},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {2},
	number = {6},
	year = {1974},
	pages = {273{\textendash}274},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0091-7613},
	doi = {10.1130/0091-7613(1974)2<273:FAPTSO>2.0.CO;2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1974)2{\%}3C273:FAPTSO{\%}3E2.0.CO 2},
	author = {Heirtzler, J R and Le Pichon, X}
}
@book {1889,
	title = {{Fabrication, welding and inspection of 621/0.8 Mo alloy titanium "Alvin/Autec" submersible hulls}},
	year = {1969},
	publisher = {Naval Applied Science Laboratory},
	organization = {Naval Applied Science Laboratory},
	address = {Brooklyn, N.Y.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)}
}
@book {McCamis1965,
	title = {{Fuse testing in oil for Alvin batteries}},
	series = {WHOI technical memoranda},
	year = {1965},
	pages = {9},
	publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	organization = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	address = {Woods Hole, Mass.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	author = {McCamis, M J and Marquet, W M and Broderson, G and Mason, D}
}
