@article {RN2399,
	title = {Pn Tomography of the Juan de Fuca and Gorda Plates: Implications for Mantle Deformation and Hydration in the Oceanic Lithosphere},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth},
	volume = {124},
	number = {8},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {8565-8583},
	type = {Journal Article},
	issn = {2169-9313},
	doi = {10.1029/2019JB017707},
	author = {VanderBeek, B. P. and Toomey, D. R.}
}
@article {RN2342,
	title = {Phylogeny of Hesionidae (Aciculata, Annelida), with four new species from deep-sea eastern Pacific methane seeps, and resolution of the affinity of Hesiolyra},
	journal = {Invertebrate Systematics},
	volume = {32},
	number = {5},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {1050-1068},
	type = {Journal Article},
	issn = {1445-5226},
	doi = {10.1071/IS17092},
	author = {Rouse, G. W. and Carvajal, J. I. and Pleijel, F.}
}
@article {RN2341,
	title = {Phylogeny of hydrothermal vent Iphionidae, with the description of a new species (Aphroditiformia, Annelida)},
	journal = {Zookeys},
	number = {779},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {89-107},
	type = {Journal Article},
	issn = {1313-2989},
	doi = {10.3897/zookeys.779.24781},
	author = {McCowin, M. F. and Rouse, G. W.}
}
@article {2478,
	title = {Primary productivity below the seafloor at deep-sea hot springs},
	journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
	volume = {115},
	year = {2018},
	month = {2018},
	pages = {6756 - 6761},
	issn = {0027-8424},
	doi = {10.1073/pnas.1804351115},
	author = {McNichol, Jesse and Stryhanyuk, Hryhoriy and Sylva, Sean P. and Thomas, Francois and Musat, Niculina and Seewald, Jeffrey S. and Sievert, Stefan M.}
}
@article {ISI:000378670800005,
	title = {{Patterns and variability in geochemical signatures and microbial activity within and between diverse cold seep habitats along the lower continental slope, Northern Gulf of Mexico}},
	journal = {DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY},
	volume = {129},
	year = {2016},
	month = {jul},
	pages = {31{\textendash}40},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {We collected 69 sediment cores from distinct ecological and geological settings along the deep slope in the Northern Gulf of Mexico to evaluate whether specific geochemical- or habitat-related factors correlated with rates of microbial processes and geochemical signatures. By collecting replicate cores from distinct habitats across multiple sites, we illustrate and quantify the heterogeneity of cold seep geochemistry and microbial activity. These data also document the factors driving unique aspects of the geochemistry of deep slope gas, oil and brine seeps. Surprisingly little variation was observed between replicate (n=2-5) cores within sites for most analytes (except methane), implying that the common practice of collecting one core for geochemical analysis can capture the signature of a habitat in most cases. Depth-integrated concentrations of methane, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), and calcium were the predominant geochemical factors that correlated with a site{\textquoteright}s ecological or geological settings. Pore fluid methane concentration was related to the phosphate and DIC concentration, as well as to rates of sulfate reduction. While distinctions between seep habitats were identified from geochemical signatures, habitat specific geochemistry varied little across sites. The relative concentration of dissolved inorganic nitrogen versus phosphorus suggests that phosphorus availability limits biomass production at cold seeps. Correlations between calcium, chloride, and phosphate concentrations were indicative of brine-associated phosphate transport, suggesting that in addition to the co-migration of methane, dissolved organic carbon, and ammonium with brine, phosphate delivery is also associated with brine advection. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd.},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {0967-0645},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2016.02.011},
	author = {Bowles, Marshall and Hunter, Kimberley S and Samarkin, Vladimir and Joye, Samantha}
}
@article {Garcia2016,
	title = {{Petrology and geochronology of lavas from Ka{\textquoteleft}ula Volcano: Implications for rejuvenated volcanism of the Hawaiian mantle plume}},
	journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
	volume = {185},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {278{\textendash}301},
	abstract = {Marine surveying and submersible sampling of Ka{\textquoteleft}ula Volcano, located 100 km off the axis of the Hawaiian chain, revealed widespread areas of young volcanism. New 40Ar/39Ar and geochemical analyses of the olivine-phyric submarine and subaerial volcanic rocks show that Ka{\textquoteleft}ula is shrouded with 1.9{\textendash}0.5 Ma alkalic basalts. The ages and chemistry of these rocks overlap with rejuvenated lavas on nearby, northern Hawaiian Island shields (Ni{\textquoteleft}ihau, Kaua{\textquoteleft}i and South Kaua{\textquoteleft}i Swell). Collectively, these rejuvenated lavas cover a vast area (\~{}7000 km2), much more extensive than any other area of rejuvenated volcanism worldwide. Ka{\textquoteleft}ula rejuvenated lavas range widely in alkalinity and incompatible element abundances (e.g., up to 10{\texttimes} P2O5 at a given MgO value) and ratios indicating variable degrees of melting of a heterogeneous source. Heavy REE elements in Ka{\textquoteleft}ula lavas are pinned at a mantle normalized Yb value of 10 {\textpm} 1, reflecting the presence of garnet in the source. Trace element ratios indicate the source also contained phlogopite and an Fe{\textendash}Ti oxide. The new Ka{\textquoteleft}ula ages show that rejuvenated volcanism was nearly coeval from \~{}0.3 to 0.6 Ma along a 450 km segment of the Hawaiian Islands (from West Maui to north of Ka{\textquoteleft}ula). The ages and volumes for rejuvenated volcanism are inconsistent with all but one geodynamic melting model proposed to date. This model advocates a significant contribution of pyroxenite to rejuvenated magmas. Analyses of olivine phenocryst compositions suggest a major (33{\textendash}69{\%}) pyroxenite component in Ka{\textquoteleft}ula rejuvenated lavas, which correlates positively with radiogenic Pb isotope ratios for Ka{\textquoteleft}ula. This correlation is also observed in lavas from nearby South Kaua{\textquoteleft}i lavas, as was reported for Atlantic oceanic islands. The presence of pyroxenite in the source may have extended the duration and volume of Hawaiian rejuvenated volcanism.},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2016.03.025},
	author = {Garcia, M O and Weis, D and Jicha, B R and Ito, G and Hanano, D}
}
@mastersthesis {McNichol2016,
	title = {{Productivity, metabolism and physiology of free-living chemoautotrophic Epsilonproteobacteria}},
	year = {2016},
	type = {phd},
	abstract = {Chemoautotrophic ecosystems at deep-sea hydrothermal vents were discovered in 1977, but not until 1995 were free-living autotrophic Epsilonproteobacteria identified as important microbial community members. Because the deep-sea is food-starved, the autotrophic metabolism of hydrothermal vent Epsilonproteobacteria may be very important for deep-sea consumers. However, quantifying their metabolic activities in situ has remained difficult, and biochemical mechanisms underlying their autotrophic physiology are poorly described. To gain insight into environmental processes, an approach was developed for incubations of microbes at in situ pressure and temperature (25 MPa, 24{\textdegree}C) with various combinations of electron donors/acceptors (H2, O2 and NO3 and 13HCO3) as a tracer to track carbon fixation. During short (18-24 h) incubations of low-temperature vent fluids from Crab Spa (9{\textdegree}N East Pacific Rise), the concentration of electron donors/acceptors and cell numbers were monitored to quantify microbial processes. Measured rates were generally higher than previous studies, and the stoichiometry of microbially-catalyzed redox reactions revealed new insights into sulfur and nitrogen cycling. Single-cell, taxonomically-resolved tracer incorporation showed Epsilonproteobacteria dominated carbon fixation, and their growth efficiency was calculated based on electron acceptor consumption. Using these data, in situ primary productivity, microbial standing stock, and average biomass residence time of the deep-sea vent subseafloor biosphere were estimated. Finally, the population structures of the most abundant genera Sulfurimonas and Thioreductor were shown to be strongly influenced by pO2 and temperature respectively, providing a mechanism for niche differentiation in situ. To gain insights into the core biochemical reactions underlying autotrophy in Epsilonprotebacteria, a theoretical metabolic model of Sulfurimonas denitrificans was developed. Validated iteratively by comparing in silico yields with data from chemostat experiments, the model generated hypotheses explaining critical, yet so far unresolved reactions supporting chemoautotrophy in Epsilonproteobacteria. For example, it provides insight into how energy is conserved during sulfur oxidation coupled to denitrification, how reverse electron transport produces ferredoxin for carbon fixation, and why aerobic growth yields are only slightly higher compared to denitrification. As a whole, this thesis provides important contributions towards understanding core mechanisms of chemoautrophy, as well as the in situ productivity, physiology and ecology of autotrophic Epsilonproteobacteria.},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	doi = {10.1575/1912/8450},
	author = {McNichol, J}
}
@article {Bemis2015,
	title = {{The path to COVIS: A review of acoustic imaging of hydrothermal flow regimes}},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
	volume = {121},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {159{\textendash}176},
	abstract = {Acoustic imaging of hydrothermal flow regimes started with the incidental recognition of a plume on a routine sonar scan for obstacles in the path of the human-occupied submersible ALVIN. Developments in sonar engineering, acoustic data processing and scientific visualization have been combined to develop technology which can effectively capture the behavior of focused and diffuse hydrothermal discharge. This paper traces the development of these acoustic imaging techniques for hydrothermal flow regimes from their conception through to the development of the Cabled Observatory Vent Imaging Sonar (COVIS). COVIS has monitored such flow eight times a day for several years. Successful acoustic techniques for estimating plume entrainment, bending, vertical rise, volume flux, and heat flux are presented as is the state-of-the-art in diffuse flow detection.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle), ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2015.06.002},
	author = {Bemis, K G and Silver, D and Xu, G and Light, R and Jackson, D R and Jones, C D and Ozer, S and Liu, L}
}
@article {ISI:000356731300054,
	title = {{Pathways for abiotic organic synthesis at submarine hydrothermal fields}},
	journal = {PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA},
	volume = {112},
	number = {25},
	year = {2015},
	month = {jun},
	pages = {7668{\textendash}7672},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Arguments for an abiotic origin of low-molecular weight organic compounds in deep-sea hot springs are compelling owing to implications for the sustenance of deep biosphere microbial communities and their potential role in the origin of life. Theory predicts that warm H-2-rich fluids, like those emanating from serpentinizing hydrothermal systems, create a favorable thermodynamic drive for the abiotic generation of organic compounds from inorganic precursors. Here, we constrain two distinct reaction pathways for abiotic organic synthesis in the natural environment at the Von Damm hydrothermal field and delineate spatially where inorganic carbon is converted into bioavailable reduced carbon. We reveal that carbon transformation reactions in a single system can progress over hours, days, and up to thousands of years. Previous studies have suggested that CH4 and higher hydrocarbons in ultramafic hydrothermal systems were dependent on H-2 generation during active serpentinization. Rather, our results indicate that CH4 found in vent fluids is formed in H-2-rich fluid inclusions, and higher n-alkanes may likely be derived from the same source. This finding implies that, in contrast with current paradigms, these compounds may form independently of actively circulating serpentinizing fluids in ultramafic-influenced systems. Conversely, widespread production of formate by SCO2 reduction at Von Damm occurs rapidly during shallow subsurface mixing of the same fluids, which may support anaerobic methanogenesis. Our finding of abiogenic formate in deep-sea hot springs has significant implications for microbial life strategies in the present- day deep biosphere as well as early life on Earth and beyond.},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {0027-8424},
	doi = {10.1073/pnas.1506295112},
	author = {McDermott, Jill M and Seewald, Jeffrey S and German, Christopher R and Sylva, Sean P}
}
@article {ISI:000350053000004,
	title = {{Phylogenetic placement of Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi (Schwager, 1866) from methane seeps and non-seep habitats on the Pacific margin}},
	journal = {GEOBIOLOGY},
	volume = {13},
	number = {1},
	year = {2015},
	month = {jan},
	pages = {44{\textendash}52},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Benthic foraminifera are among the most abundant groups found in deep-sea habitats, including methane seep environments. Unlike many groups, no endemic foraminiferal species have been reported from methane seeps, and to our knowledge, genetic data are currently sparse for Pacific deep-sea foraminifera. In an effort to understand the relationships between seep and non-seep populations of the deep-sea foraminifera Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi, a common paleo-indicator species, specimens from methane seeps in the Pacific were analyzed and compared to one another for genetic similarities of small subunit rDNA (SSU rDNA) sequences. Pacific Ocean C. wuellerstorfi were also compared to those collected from other localities around the world (based on 18S gene available on Genbank, e.g., Schweizer et al., 2009). Results from this study revealed that C. wuellerstorfi living in seeps near Costa Rica and Hydrate Ridge are genetically similar to one another at the species level. Individuals collected from the same location that display opposite coiling directions (dextral and sinstral) had no species level genetic differences. Comparisons of specimens with genetic information available from Genbank (SSU rDNA) showed that Pacific individuals, collected for this study, are genetically similar to those previously analyzed from the North Atlantic and Antarctic. These observations provide strong evidence for the true cosmopolitan nature of C. wuellerstorfi and highlight the importance of understanding how these microscopic organisms are able to maintain sufficient genetic exchange to remain within the same species between seep and non-seep habitats and over global distances.},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {1472-4677},
	doi = {10.1111/gbi.12118},
	author = {Burkett, A M and Rathburn, A E and Perez, M E and Levin, L A and Cha, H and Rouse, G W}
}
@article {ISI:000358260100015,
	title = {{Predicting the response of the deep-ocean microbiome to geochemical perturbations by hydrothermal vents}},
	journal = {ISME JOURNAL},
	volume = {9},
	number = {8},
	year = {2015},
	month = {aug},
	pages = {1857{\textendash}1869},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Submarine hydrothermal vents perturb the deep-ocean microbiome by injecting reduced chemical species into the water column that act as an energy source for chemosynthetic organisms. These systems thus provide excellent natural laboratories for studying the response of microbial communities to shifts in marine geochemistry. The present study explores the processes that regulate coupled microbial-geochemical dynamics in hydrothermal plumes by means of a novel mathematical model, which combines thermodynamics, growth and reaction kinetics, and transport processes derived from a fluid dynamics model. Simulations of a plume located in the ABE vent field of the Lau basin were able to reproduce metagenomic observations well and demonstrated that the magnitude of primary production and rate of autotrophic growth are largely regulated by the energetics of metabolisms and the availability of electron donors, as opposed to kinetic parameters. Ambient seawater was the dominant source of microbes to the plume and sulphur oxidisers constituted almost 90{\%} of the modelled community in the neutrally-buoyant plume. Data from drifters deployed in the region allowed the different time scales of metabolisms to be cast in a spatial context, which demonstrated spatial succession in the microbial community. While growth was shown to occur over distances of tens of kilometers, microbes persisted over hundreds of kilometers. Given that high-temperature hydrothermal systems are found less than 100 km apart on average, plumes may act as important vectors between different vent fields and other environments that are hospitable to similar organisms, such as oil spills and oxygen minimum zones.},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {1751-7362},
	doi = {10.1038/ismej.2015.4},
	author = {Reed, Daniel C and Breier, John A and Jiang, Houshuo and Anantharaman, Karthik and Klausmeier, Christopher A and Toner, Brandy M and Hancock, Cathrine and Speer, Kevin and Thurnherr, Andreas M and Dick, Gregory J}
}
@article {Quattrini2014,
	title = {{A phylogenetic approach to octocoral community structure in the deep Gulf of Mexico}},
	journal = {Biology and Geology of Deep-Sea Coral Ecosystems: Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Deep Sea Corals},
	volume = {99},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {92{\textendash}102},
	abstract = {{Deep-sea communities are becoming increasingly vulnerable to anthropogenic disturbances, as fishing, hydrocarbon exploration and extraction, and mining activities extend into deeper water. Negative impacts from such activities were recently documented in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM), where the Deepwater Horizon oil spill caused substantial damage to a deep-water octocoral community. Although a faunal checklist and numerous museum records are currently available for the entire GoM, local-scale diversity and assemblage structure of octocoral communities remains unknown, particularly in deep water. On a series of recent cruises (2008{\textendash}2011) using remotely operated vehicles, 435 octocorals were collected from 33 deep-water sites (250{\textendash}2500~m) in the northern GoM. To elucidate species boundaries, the extended mitochondrial barcode (COI+igr1+msh) was successfully amplified and sequenced for 422 of these specimens, yielding a total of 64 haplotypes representing at least 52 species. Further, at least 29{\%} of the species collected were either previously not known to occur in the GoM (12 species) or represent new species (at least three species). Overall, species richness at each site was fairly low (1{\textendash}12 spp.). The greatest species richness occurred at the shallowest () was successfully amplified and sequenced for 422 of these specimens, yielding a total of 64 haplotypes representing at least 52 species. Further, at least 29{\%} of the species collected were either previously not known to occur in the GoM (12 species) or represent new species (at least three species). Overall, species richness at each site was fairly low (1{\textendash}12 spp.). The greatest species richness occurred at the shallowest (n=8 spp.) and the deepest (2100{\textendash}2500~m: DC673},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle), ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {0967-0645},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.05.027},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S096706451300218X},
	author = {Quattrini, A M and Etnoyer, P J and Doughty, C and English, Lisa and Falco, R and Remon, N and Rittinghouse, M and Cordes, E E}
}
@article {Nooner2014,
	title = {{Post Eruption inflation of the East Pacific Rise at 9 degrees 50 {\textquoteright} N}},
	journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
	volume = {15},
	number = {6},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {2676{\textendash}2688},
	abstract = {In June 2008, we installed a geodetic network at 9 degrees 50{\textquoteright} N on the East Pacific Rise to track the long-term movement of magma following the 2005/6 eruption. This network consists of 10 concrete benchmarks stretching from the ridge to 9 km off-axis. During three campaign-style surveys, measurements of vertical seafloor motions were made at each of these benchmarks by precisely recording ambient seawater pressure as a proxy for seafloor depth with a mobile pressure recorder (MPR). The MPR was deployed using the manned submersible Alvin in 2008 and 2009 and the remotely operated vehicle Jason in 2011. The MPR observations are supplemented with data from a multiyear deployment of continuously recording bottom pressure recorders (BPRs) extending along this segment of the ridge that can record rapid changes in seafloor depth from seafloor eruptions and/or dike intrusions. These measurements show no diking events and up to 12 cm of volcanic inflation that occurred from December 2009 to October 2011 in the area of the 2005/6 eruption. These observations are fit with an inflating point source at a depth of 2.7 km and volume change of 2.3 x 10(6) m(3)/yr located on the ridge axis at approximately 9 degrees 51.166{\textquoteright} N, 407 m from our northernmost benchmark, suggesting that the magma chamber underlying this segment of the ridge is being recharged from a deeper source at a rate that is about half the long-term inflation rate observed at Axial Seamount on the Juan de Fuca Ridge. These data represent the second location that active volcanic uplift has been measured on a mid-ocean ridge segment, and the first on a nonhotspot influenced segment.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle), ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	doi = {10.1002/2014GC005389},
	author = {Nooner, S L and Webb, S C and Buck, W R and Cormier, M H}
}
@article {Moore2014,
	title = {{Primitive melt replenishment and crystal-mush disaggregation in the weeks preceding the 2005{\textendash}2006 eruption 9{\textdegree}50'N9{\textdegree}50'N, EPR}},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {403},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {15{\textendash}26},
	abstract = {The 2005{\textendash}2006 eruption at \~{}9{\textdegree}50'N, East Pacific Rise provides an exceptional opportunity to investigate the magma plumbing system beneath a well-studied ridge system. The eruption was preceded by two years of increasingly intense seismicity and occurred from the same location as a previous and well-characterized eruption in 1991{\textendash}1992. Here we use the crystal cargo of samples from this eruption to investigate magma reservoir processes in the lead-up to the eruption, as well as their temporal relationship to the seismicity that preceded it. Compositional zoning in some plagioclase crystals indicates primitive melt replenishment occurred roughly six weeks or less before the eruption. This replenishing event is seen only in the crystals from the central region of the eruption (9{\textdegree}50'{\textendash}9{\textdegree}52'N). This is also the area where the most primitive lava compositions are observed and together these observations support models of replenishment being spatially focused. The short time between the input of a more primitive melt and eruption onto the seafloor suggests replenishment likely contributed to triggering the eruption. Rare resorbed plagioclase crystals, and glomerocrysts of plagioclase and olivine, some of which have rims far from equilibrium with their host melt, suggest that disaggregation of a crystal mush occurred within a few days prior to eruption. Interstitial melt from within this mush zone must have been mixed back into the erupted lava{\textemdash}a form of in situ crystallization. Thus, the erupted magmas evolved in a replenished-tapped magma reservoir in which at least a part of the crystallization occurred in situ.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2014.06.015},
	author = {Moore, A and Coogan, L A and Costa, F and Perfit, M R}
}
@article {Mills2013,
	title = {{Persistent effects of disturbance on larval patterns in the plankton after an eruption on the East Pacific Rise}},
	journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series},
	volume = {491},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {67{\textendash}76},
	abstract = {To predict how benthic communities will respond to disturbance, it is necessary to understand how disturbance affects the planktonic larval supply available to recolonize the area. Deep-sea hydrothermal vent fauna along the East Pacific Rise (EPR) experience frequent local extinctions due to tectonic and magmatic events, but the effects on regional larval abundance and diversity are unknown. We had been monitoring larvae at 9{\textdegree}50{\textquoteright}N on the EPR prior to the 2006 eruption and were able to resume collections shortly afterward. We found that many species that were common before the eruption became significantly less so afterward, whereas a few other species experienced a transient spike in abundance. Surprisingly, overall species richness in the plankton was high 9 mo after the eruption, but then decreased sharply after 1~yr and had not returned to pre-eruption levels after 2 yr. These results suggest that recovery from disturbance may continue to be affected by limited larval supply even several years after a disturbance event. This delay in recovery means that larvae of pioneer species may dominate potential colonists, even after benthic habitats have transitioned to conditions that favor later-successional species. Moreover, the combined effects of natural and anthropogenic disturbance (e.g. mining) would be likely to cause more profound and long-lasting changes than either event alone. Our results indicate that we do not have sufficient data to predict the timing of recovery after disturbance in the deep sea, even in a well-studied vent system.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	doi = {10.3354/meps10463},
	author = {Mills, S W and Mullineaux, L S and Beaulieu, S E and Adams, D K}
}
@article {ISI:000331246100002,
	title = {{Phylogenetic diversity and functional gene patterns of sulfur-oxidizing subseafloor Epsilonproteobacteria in diffuse hydrothermal vent fluids}},
	journal = {FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2013},
	month = {jul},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Microorganisms throughout the dark ocean use reduced sulfur compounds for chemolithoautotrophy. In many deep-sea hydrothermal vents, sulfide oxidation is quantitatively the most important chemical energy source for microbial metabolism both at and beneath the seafloor. In this study, the presence and activity of vent endemic Epsilonproteobacteria was examined in six low-temperature diffuse vents over a range of geochemical gradients from Axial Seamount, a deep-sea volcano in the Northeast Pacific. PCR primers were developed and applied to target the sulfur oxidation soxB gene of Epsilonproteobacteria. soxB genes belonging to the genera Sulfurimonas and Sulfurovum are both present and expressed at most diffuse vent sites, but not in background seawater. Although Sulfurovum-like sox8 genes were detected in all fluid samples, the RNA profiles were nearly identical among the vents and suggest that Sulfurirnonas-like species are the primary Epsilonproteobacteria responsible for actively oxidizing sulfur via the Sox pathway at each vent. Community patterns of subseafloor Epsdonproteobactena 16S rRNA genes were best matched to methane concentrations in vent fluids, as well as individual vent locations, indicating that both geochemistry and geographical isolation play a role in structuring subseafloor microbial populations. The data show that in the subseafloor at Axial Seamount, Epsilonproteobacteria are expressing the soxB gene and that microbial patterns in community distribution are linked to both vent location and chemistry.},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {1664-302X},
	doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2013.00185},
	author = {Akerman, Nancy H and Butterfield, David A and Huber, Julie A}
}
@article {Tunnicliffe2013,
	title = {{Population ecology of the tonguefish Symphurus thermophilus (Pisces; Pleuronectiformes; Cynoglossidae) at sulphur-rich hydrothermal vents on volcanoes of the northern Mariana Arc}},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
	volume = {92},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {172{\textendash}182},
	abstract = {Flatfish are a major component of the hydrothermal vent community on three seamounts of the northern Mariana Volcanic Arc in the northwest Pacific. Nikko, Kasuga-2 and Daikoku seamounts host vent fields between 375 and 480~m depth where high temperature vents release molten sulphur. The small cynoglossid tonguefish, Symphurus thermophilus Munroe and Hashimoto, is ubiquitous in all vent habitats observed on these seamounts: among extensive fields of tubeworms and mussels and on solid sulphur surfaces on Nikko; on sulphur-rich sediments and barnacle-covered boulders on Kasuga-2; and on recent sulphur flows and on broad areas of loose and semi-consolidated sediments on Daikoku. We recorded repeated forays by individuals onto flows of molten sulphur as these surfaces cooled. Based on observations using ROVs, the mean density is 90~fish/m2 with maximum counts over 200~fish/m2 on Daikoku sediments. Compared to collected tonguefish from Daikoku and Kasuga-2, those from Nikko have significantly greater lengths and, on average, six times the mass. Otolith data indicate upper ages of 13 years with Nikko tonguefish growing significantly faster. Diets of tonguefish on the three seamounts reflect the different habitats and prey availability; in Daikoku specimens, small crustaceans and polychaetes are most common while on Nikko, gut contents are predominantly larger shrimp. We made the unusual observation of stunned midwater fish falling to the seafloor near the vents where S. thermophilus immediately attacked them. This tonguefish has a wide diet range and foraging behaviour that likely influence the differing growth rates and sizes of fish inhabiting the different vent sites. Limited genetic data suggest that larval exchange probably occurs among sites where the common habitat factor is high levels of elemental sulphur forming hard and partly unconsolidated substrata. Here, in the northern range of the Mariana Trench Marine National Monument, S. thermophilus, despite having an unusually broad habitat association, may be restricted in its overall range to this region of isolated volcanoes with active hydrothermalism.},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {0967-0645},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.01.026},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0967064513000465},
	author = {Tunnicliffe, V and Tyler, J and Dower, J F}
}
@article {ISI:000315070000017,
	title = {{Parvibaculum hydrocarboniclasticum sp. nov., a mesophilic, alkane-oxidizing alphaproteobacterium isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent on the East Pacific Rise}},
	journal = {INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY},
	volume = {62},
	number = {12},
	year = {2012},
	month = {dec},
	pages = {2921{\textendash}2926},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {An aerobic, alkane-oxidizing bacterium, designated strain EPR92(T), was isolated from hydrothermal fluids that had been collected from a deep-sea vent on the East Pacific Rise (at 9 degrees 50{\textquoteright} N 104 degrees 17{\textquoteright} W). The cells of the novel strain were Gram-staining-negative rods that measured approximately 1.4 mu m in length and 0.4 mu m in width. Strain EPR92T grew at 20-40 degrees C (optimum 35 degrees C), with 1.0-5.0{\%} (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2.5{\%}), and at pH 4.0-8.5 (optimum pH 7.5). The generation time under optimal conditions was 63 min. Strain EPR92(T) grew aerobically in artificial seawater minimal medium with n-alkanes as sole carbon and energy sources, and also in artificial seawater medium supplemented with peptone and yeast extract. The predominant fatty acids were C-18:1 omega 7c, C-19:0 cyclo omega 8c, 11-methyl C-18:1 omega 7c and a putative C-12:0 aldehyde. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine and four unidentified aminolipids. The major respiratory quinone was Q-10 and the genomic DNA G+C content was 60.7 mol{\%}. Phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA gene showed that strain EPR92(T) belongs in the class Alphaproteobacteria and the recognized species that were most closely related to the novel strain were identified as Parvibaculum indicum P-31(T) (98.7{\%} sequence similarity) and Parvibaculum lavamentivorans DS-1(T) (95.8{\%}). In DNA-DNA hybridizations, the level of DNA-DNA relatedness observed between strain EPR92(T) and P. indicum P-31(T) was 47.7{\%}, indicating that the two strains do not belong to the same species. Based on the phylogenetic, physiological, chemotaxonomic and genetic evidence, strain EPR92(T) represents a novel species within the genus Parvibaculum, for which the name Parvibaculum hydrocarboniclasticum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is EPR92(T) (=DSM 23209=JCM 16666(T)).},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {1466-5026},
	doi = {10.1099/ijs.0.039594-0},
	author = {Rosario-Passapera, Richard and Keddis, Ramaydalis and Wong, Ronald and Lutz, Richard A and Staroyoytov, Valentin and Vetriani, Costantino}
}
@article {ISI:000311587800012,
	title = {{Phorcysia thermohydrogeniphila gen. nov., sp nov., a thermophilic, chemolithoautotrophic, nitrate-ammonifying bacterium from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent}},
	journal = {INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY},
	volume = {62},
	number = {10},
	year = {2012},
	month = {oct},
	pages = {2388{\textendash}2394},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {A novel hyperthermophilic, anaerobic, chemolithoautotrophic bacterium, designated strain HB-8(T), was isolated from the tube of Alvinella pompejana tubeworms collected from the wall of an actively venting sulfide structure on the East Pacific Rise at 13 degrees N. The cells were Gram-negative rods, approximately 1.0-1.5 mu m long and 0.5 mu m wide. Strain HB-8(T) grew between 65 and 80 degrees C (optimum 75 degrees C), 15 and 35 g NaCl l(-1) (optimum 30 gl(-1)) and pH 4.5 and 8.5 (optimum pH 6.0). Generation time under optimal conditions was 26 min. Growth occurred under chemolithoautotrophic conditions with H-2 as the energy source and CO2 as the carbon source. Nitrate and sulfur were used as electron acceptors, with concomitant formation of ammonium or hydrogen sulfide, respectively. The presence of lactate, formate, acetate or tryptone in the culture medium inhibited growth. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 47.8 mol{\%}. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene and of the alpha subunit of the ATP citrate lyase of strain HB-8(T) indicated that this organism formed a novel lineage within the class Aquificae, equally distant from the type strains of the type species of the three genera that represent the family Desulfurobacteriaceae: Thermovibrio ruber ED11/3LLK8(T), Balnearium lithotrophicum 17S(T) and Desulfurobacterium thermolithotrophum BSA(T). The polar lipids of strain HB-8(T) differed substantially from those of other members of the Desulfurobacteriaceae, and this bacterium produced novel quinones. On the basis of phylogenetic, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, it is proposed that the organism represents a novel genus and species within the family Desulfurobacteriaceae, Phorcysia thermohydrogeniphila gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain of Phorcysia thermohydrogeniphila is HB-8(T) (=DSM 24425(T) =JCM 17384(T)).},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {1466-5026},
	doi = {10.1099/ijs.0.035642-0},
	author = {Perez-Rodriguez, Ileana and Grosche, Ashley and Massenburg, Lynnicia and Starovoytov, Valentin and Lutz, Richard A and Vetriani, Costantino}
}
@article {ISI:000301945500007,
	title = {{Physiological homogeneity among the endosymbionts of Riftia pachyptila and Tevnia jerichonana revealed by proteogenomics}},
	journal = {ISME JOURNAL},
	volume = {6},
	number = {4},
	year = {2012},
	month = {apr},
	pages = {766{\textendash}776},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The two closely related deep-sea tubeworms Riftia pachyptila and Tevnia jerichonana both rely exclusively on a single species of sulfide-oxidizing endosymbiotic bacteria for their nutrition. They do, however, thrive in markedly different geochemical conditions. A detailed proteogenomic comparison of the endosymbionts coupled with an in situ characterization of the geochemical environment was performed to investigate their roles and expression profiles in the two respective hosts. The metagenomes indicated that the endosymbionts are genotypically highly homogeneous. Gene sequences coding for enzymes of selected key metabolic functions were found to be 99.9{\%} identical. On the proteomic level, the symbionts showed very consistent metabolic profiles, despite distinctly different geochemical conditions at the plume level of the respective hosts. Only a few minor variations were observed in the expression of symbiont enzymes involved in sulfur metabolism, carbon fixation and in the response to oxidative stress. Although these changes correspond to the prevailing environmental situation experienced by each host, our data strongly suggest that the two tubeworm species are able to effectively attenuate differences in habitat conditions, and thus to provide their symbionts with similar micro-environments. The ISME Journal (2012) 6, 766-776; doi: 10.1038/ismej.2011.137; published online 20 October 2011},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {1751-7362},
	doi = {10.1038/ismej.2011.137},
	author = {Gardebrecht, Antje and Markert, Stephanie and Sievert, Stefan M and Felbeck, Horst and Thuermer, Andrea and Albrecht, Dirk and Wollherr, Antje and Kabisch, Johannes and Le Bris, Nadine and Lehmann, Ruediger and Daniel, Rolf and Liesegang, Heiko and Hecker, Michael and Schweder, Thomas}
}
@article {ISI:000307173100024,
	title = {{{\textquoteleft}Pliocardia{\textquoteright} krylovata, a new species of vesicomyid clam from cold seeps along the Costa Rica Margin}},
	journal = {JOURNAL OF THE MARINE BIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED KINGDOM},
	volume = {92},
	number = {5},
	year = {2012},
	month = {aug},
	pages = {1127{\textendash}1137},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {{\textquoteleft}Pliocardia{\textquoteright} krylovata, sp. nov. (Bivalvia: Vesicomyidae: Pliocardiinae) is described from cold seeps off the coast of the Nicoya Peninsula, Costa Rica (700-1000 m depth). The phylogenetic position of {\textquoteleft}P.{\textquoteright} krylovata was assessed by both morphological comparisons as well as nucleotide data from the cytochrome c oxidase I gene. Within the vesicomyids, {\textquoteleft}P.{\textquoteright} krylovata belongs to the Pliocardiinae and its closest relative is {\textquoteleft}Calyptogena{\textquoteright} ponderosa, which also bears some morphological resemblance to the genus Pliocardia, perhaps suggesting a need for reanalysis of not only its generic designation, but also the entire Pliocardiinae subfamily. {\textquoteleft}P.{\textquoteright} krylovata has morphological similarities to {\textquoteleft}Pliocardia{\textquoteright} bowdeniana and {\textquoteleft}Vesicomya{\textquoteright} crenulomarginata, recently reassigned to the genus Pliocardia, including a thick shell, obvious rostrum, pointed posterior end, and a sculptured shell with concentric ribs on the outer surface, to name a few. It is morphologically distinguished, however, by having a complex pallial sinus and remarkably deep escutcheon.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0025-3154},
	doi = {10.1017/S0025315411000713},
	author = {Martin, Alanna M and Goffredi, Shana K}
}
@article {ISI:000301095200023,
	title = {{On the Potential for Bioenergy and Biofuels from Hydrothermal Vent Microbes}},
	journal = {OCEANOGRAPHY},
	volume = {25},
	number = {1, SI},
	year = {2012},
	month = {mar},
	pages = {213{\textendash}217},
	type = {Article},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {1042-8275},
	author = {Girguis, Peter R and Holden, James F}
}
@article {ISI:000287940400009,
	title = {{Precious corals (Coralliidae) from north-western Atlantic Seamounts}},
	journal = {JOURNAL OF THE MARINE BIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED KINGDOM},
	volume = {91},
	number = {2, SI},
	year = {2011},
	month = {mar},
	pages = {369{\textendash}382},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Two new species belonging to the precious coral genus Corallium were collected during a series of exploratory cruises to the New England and Corner Rise Seamounts in 2003-2005. One red species, Corallium bathyrubrum sp. nov., and one white species, C. bayeri sp. nov., are described. Corallium bathyrubrum is the first red Corallium to be reported from the western Atlantic. An additional species, C. niobe Bayer, 1964 originally described from the Straits of Florida, was also collected and its description augmented.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0025-3154},
	doi = {10.1017/S002531541000086X},
	author = {Simpson, Anne and Watling, Les}
}
@article {ISI:000281572000001,
	title = {{Paving the seafloor: Volcanic emplacement processes during the 2005-2006 eruptions at the fast spreading East Pacific Rise, 9 degrees 50 {\textquoteleft} N}},
	journal = {GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2010},
	month = {aug},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The 2005-2006 eruptions near 9 degrees 50{\textquoteright}N at the East Pacific Rise (EPR) marked the first observed repeat eruption at a mid-ocean ridge and provided a unique opportunity to deduce the emplacement dynamics of submarine lava flows. Since these new flows were documented in April 2006, a total of 40 deep-towed imaging surveys have been conducted with the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution{\textquoteright}s (WHOI) TowCam system. More than 60,000 digital color images and high-resolution bathymetric profiles of the 2005-2006 flows from the TowCam surveys were analyzed for lava flow morphology and for the presence of kipukas, collapse features, faults and fissures. We use these data to quantify the spatial distributions of lava flow surface morphologies and to investigate how they relate to the physical characteristics of the ridge crest, such as seafloor slope, and inferred dynamics of flow emplacement. We conclude that lava effusion rate was the dominant factor controlling the observed morphological variations in the 2005-2006 flows. We also show that effusion rates were higher than in previously studied eruptions at this site and varied systematically along the length of the eruptive fissure. This is the first well-documented study in which variations in seafloor lava morphology can be directly related to a well documented ridge-crest eruption where effusion rate varied significantly.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {1525-2027},
	doi = {10.1029/2010GC003058},
	author = {Fundis, A T and Soule, S A and Fornari, D J and Perfit, M R}
}
@article {ISI:000283642100005,
	title = {{Phylogenetic diversity of sediment bacteria from the deep Northeastern Pacific Ocean: a comparison with the deep Eastern Mediterranean Sea}},
	journal = {INTERNATIONAL MICROBIOLOGY},
	volume = {13},
	number = {3},
	year = {2010},
	month = {sep},
	pages = {143{\textendash}150},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The variability of bacterial community composition and diversity was studied by comparative analysis of five 16S rRNA gene clone libraries from deep-sea sediments (water column depth: 4000 m) of the Northeastern Pacific Ocean and Eastern Mediterranean Sea. This is the first comparison of the bacterial communities living in these deep-sea ecosystems. The estimated chlorophyll a, organic carbon, and C/N ratio provided evidence of significant differences in the trophic state of the sediments between the Northeastern Pacific Ocean and the much warmer Eastern Mediterranean Sea. A diverse range of 16S rRNA gene phylotypes was found in the sediments of both regions. These were represented by 11 different taxonomic groups, with Gammaproteobacteria predominating in the Northeastern Pacific Ocean sediments and Acidobacteria in the Eastern Mediterranean microbial community. In addition, several 16S rRNA gene phylotypes only distantly related to any of the previously identified sequences (non-affiliated rRNA genes) represented a significant fraction of the total sequences. The potential diversity at the two sites differs but remains largely unexplored and remains of continuing scientific interest. {\{}[{\}}Int Microbiol 2010; 13(3):143-150]},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {1139-6709},
	doi = {10.2436/20.1501.01.119},
	author = {Kouridaki, Ioanna and Polymenakou, Paraskevi N and Tselepides, Anastasios and Mandalakis, Manolis and Smith Jr., Kenneth L}
}
@article {Hulme2010,
	title = {{Pore water chemistry of the Mariana serpentinite mud volcanoes: A window to the seismogenic zone}},
	journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {Q01X09},
	abstract = {In 2003, we conducted a survey of 11 serpentinite mud volcanoes in the Mariana fore arc. Here we report sediment pore water data from navigated gravity and piston cores and from push cores collected by the ROV system Jason2-Medea. Systematic variations in profiles of pore water chemical compositions from these mud volcanoes are consistent with models that include active upflow of pore water relative to the surrounding serpentinite matrix. The speed of upwelling, based on fits of an advection-diffusion model to observed data (K, Na, Rb, and Cs), reaches a maximum of 36 cm/yr at Big Blue Seamount. Results from these simulations constrain the pore water composition at depth and the degree of additional alteration as the pore water ascends through the sampled section. For example, the transition metals (e.g., Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Mo) are mobilized under conditions of low upwelling speeds and microbial activity. Similarly, the rare earth elements (REE) show evidence of near-surface alteration. In addition to these surficial reactions, distinctive pore water compositional patterns exist as a function of the distance from the trench axis, which is a proxy for the depths of water generation from the downgoing plate below each seamount. Systematic trends in the chemical composition of these slab-sourced fluids are consistent with increasing temperature and pressure at depth west of the trench. These trends include an increase in K, sulfate, carbonate alkalinity, Na/Cl, B, Mn, Fe, Co, Rb, Cs, Gd/Tb, Eu, and light REE (LREE) and a decrease in Ca, Sr, and Y with increasing distance from the trench. Mg and U are universally depleted in the upwelling water. We constrain the thermal conditions along the d{\'e}collement using concentrations of fluid mobile elements (K, B, Cs, and Rb) and the mobilization of LREE relative to heavy REE (HREE). The 80{\textdegree}C isotherm is estimated at a depth of 15 km between Blue Moon Seamount and Cerulean Springs. At slab depths of 17 to 24 km, pore waters lack significant Rb and K enrichments relative to seawater, suggesting an upper bound near 150{\textdegree}C. There is an observed enrichment in LREE relative to HREE at Big Blue Seamount (slab depth 25 km) indicating that the d{\'e}collement at this site is \~{}200{\textdegree}C. The relative mobilization of Cs outpaced that of Rb at all seamounts sampled in this survey. On the basis of laboratory experiments, this observation sets an upper limit of \~{}350{\textdegree}C at a depth of 30 km below the seafloor.},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle), ROV Medea (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {1525-2027},
	doi = {10.1029/2009GC002674},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009GC002674},
	author = {Hulme, S M and Wheat, C G and Fryer, P and Mottl, M J}
}
@article {Bailey2010,
	title = {{Pseudofossils in relict methane seep carbonates resemble endemic microbial consortia}},
	journal = {Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology},
	volume = {285},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {131{\textendash}142},
	abstract = {Pleistocene-age methane seep carbonates from the Eel River Basin, California contain aggregate-like structures composed of tightly-packed hollow spheres that morphologically resemble syntrophic archaeal{\textendash}bacterial consortia known to catalyze the anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM). Tetragonal microstructures also present in the carbonates resemble seep-endemic Methanosarcinales cell clusters. Despite morphological similarities to the seep-endemic microbes that likely mediated the authigenesis of Eel River Basin carbonates and sulfides, detailed petrographic, SEM, and magnetic microscopic imaging, remanence rock magnetism, laser Raman, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, suggest that these microstructures are not microfossils, but rather mineral structures that result from the diagenetic alteration of euhedral Fe-sulfide framboids. Electron microscopy shows that during diagenesis, reaction rims composed of Fe oxide form around framboid microcrystalites. Subsequent dissolution of greigite or pyrite crystals leaves behind hollow cell-like casings (external molds) {\textemdash} a transformation that occurs on timescales of \~{}100 kyr or less. Despite their superficial resemblance to morphologically-distinctive extant microbes in local sediments, the presence of acellular precursor grains, as well as of partially-altered transitional forms, complicate the interpretation of these and other framboidal microstructures that have been reported from the rock record.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0031-0182},
	doi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2009.11.002},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2009.11.002},
	author = {Bailey, J V and Raub, T D and Meckler, A N and Harrison, B K and Raub, T M D and Green, A M and Orphan, V J}
}
@article {Rona2009,
	title = {{Paleodictyon nodosum: a living fossil on the deep sea floor}},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
	volume = {56},
	number = {19-20},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {1700{\textendash}1712},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0967-0645},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2009.05.015},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2009.05.015},
	author = {Rona, P A and Seilacher, A and de Vargas, C and Gooday, A J and Bernhard, J M and Bowser, S and Vetriani, C and Wirsen, C O and Mullineaux, L and Sherrell, R and Grassle, J F and Low, S and Lutz, R A}
}
@mastersthesis {LaPointe2009,
	title = {{A parallel hypothesis method of autonomous underwater vehicle navigation}},
	volume = {Ph.D.},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {284},
	school = {Massachusetts Institutte of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	type = {phd},
	address = {Cambridge, MA and Woods Hole, MA},
	keywords = {AUV ABE (Autonomous Benthic Explorer), AUV Sentry (Autonomous Underwater Vehicle)},
	doi = {10.1575/1912/2853},
	url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1912/2853},
	author = {LaPointe, C E G}
}
@book {Mills2009,
	title = {{Photographic identification guide to larvae at hydrothermal vents}},
	series = {WHOI technical reports},
	volume = {2009-05},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {104},
	publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	organization = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	address = {Woods Hole, MA},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	doi = {10.1575/1912/2996},
	url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1912/2996},
	author = {Mills, S W and Beaulieu, S E and Mullineaux, L S}
}
@article {Reed2009,
	title = {{Phylogenetic diversity of methanogenic, sulfate-reducing and methanotrophic prokaryotes from deep-sea hydrothermal vents and cold seeps}},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
	volume = {56},
	number = {19-20},
	year = {2009},
	month = {sep},
	pages = {1665{\textendash}1674},
	abstract = {Microbial communities of methanogenic, sulfate-reducing and methanotrophic prokaryotes from deep-sea environments were investigated by molecular phylogenetic analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences of the genes encoding for the methyl coenzyme M reductase (mcrA), dissimilatory sulfite reductase (dsrAB) and particulate methane monoxygenase (pmoA), respectively. Clone libraries of PCR amplified genes were constructed using DNA extracted from deep-sea vent chimneys (Rainbow and Logatchev hydrothermal vent fields, Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Atlantic Ocean; 9 degrees N East Pacific Rise, Pacific Ocean) and from vertically subsampled sediment cores from cold-seep areas (Blake Ridge, western Atlantic Ocean; Florida Escarpment, Gulf of Mexico). Recombinant clones were screened by RFLP and representative dsrAB, mcrA and pmoA genes were sequenced. The dsrAB sequences grouped primarily within the orders Desulfobacterales, Syntrophobacterales and the Gram-positive order Clostridales. Cold-seep mcrA sequences were distributed among the ANME-2c, -2d and -2e groups, which were previously shown to be associated with the anaerobic oxidation of methane. This study also reports the first mcrA sequences from a high-temperature, black smoker chimney (Logatchev) to group within the ANME-2e subgroup. The majority of the remaining hydrothermal vent mcrA sequences were primarily related to thermophilic members of the anaerobic, methanogenic order Methanococcales. A shift in the dominant ANME-2 group with depth in the sediment for both Florida Escarpment and Blake Ridge mcrA libraries was detected. ANME-2d related clones were detected in the top zones of both cores, with the frequency of ANME-2e related clones increasing with depth. All pmoA sequences retrieved from the cold-seep sites were found to be related to Type I methanotrophic members of the gamma-proteobacteria, and were primarily distributed among three major clusters of sequences. No Type II pmoA sequences related to methanotrophic members of the alpha-proteobacteria were detected, suggesting that the methanotrophic communities in these cold-seep areas are dominated by Type I gamma-proteobacteria. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0967-0645},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2009.05.012},
	author = {Reed, A J and Dorn, Ruth and Van Dover, C L and Lutz, R A and Vetriani, C}
}
@article {Nees2009,
	title = {{Pre- and post-eruption diffuse flow variability among tubeworm habitats at 9 degrees 50' north on the East Pacific Rise}},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
	volume = {56},
	number = {19-20},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {1607{\textendash}1615},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0967-0645},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2009.05.007},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2009.05.007},
	author = {Nees, H A and Lutz, R A and Shank, T M and Luther, G W}
}
@article {Tyler2009,
	title = {{Protandric hermaphroditism in the whale-fall bivalve mollusc Idas washingtonia}},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
	volume = {56},
	number = {19-20},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {1689{\textendash}1699},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0967-0645},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2009.05.014},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2009.05.014},
	author = {Tyler, P A and Marsh, L and Baco-Taylor, A and Smith, C R}
}
@inbook {Bellingham2008,
	title = {{Platforms: autonomous underwater vehicles}},
	booktitle = {Encyclopedia of ocean sciences},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2008},
	publisher = {Academic Press},
	organization = {Academic Press},
	address = {San DIego, CA},
	keywords = {AUV ABE (Autonomous Benthic Explorer)},
	isbn = {978012374473-9},
	doi = {10.1016/B978-012374473-9.00730-X},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-012374473-9.00730-X},
	author = {Bellingham, J G},
	editor = {Steele, J H}
}
@article {Perk2007,
	title = {{Petrology and geochemistry of primitive lower oceanic crust from Pito Deep: Implications for the accretion of the lower crust at the Southern East Pacific Rise}},
	journal = {Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology},
	volume = {154},
	number = {5},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {575{\textendash}590},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle), ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {0010-7999},
	doi = {10.1007/s00410-007-0210-z},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00410-007-0210-z},
	author = {Perk, N W and Coogan, L A and Karson, J A and Klein, E M and Hanna, H D}
}
@article {Nevala2007a,
	title = {{Phone call links inner and outer space}},
	journal = {Oceanus},
	volume = {45},
	number = {3},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {38},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0029-8182},
	url = {http://www.whoi.edu/oceanus/viewArticle.do?id=32251{\&}archives=true},
	author = {Nevala, A E}
}
@article {Gilbert2007,
	title = {{Porosity of the upper edifice of Axial Seamount}},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {35},
	number = {1},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {49{\textendash}52},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0091-7613},
	doi = {10.1130/G22892A.1},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G22892A.1},
	author = {Gilbert, L A and McDuff, R E and Johnson, H P}
}
@article {Fisher2007,
	title = {{A proteomic snapshot of life at a vent}},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {315},
	number = {5809},
	year = {2007},
	month = {jan},
	pages = {198{\textendash}199},
	issn = {0036-8075},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1137739},
	author = {Fisher, C R and Girguis, P}
}
@article {Flint2006,
	title = {{Patterns of nematode diversity at hydrothermal vents on the East Pacific Rise}},
	journal = {Cahiers de Biologie Marine},
	volume = {47},
	number = {4},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {365{\textendash}370},
	abstract = {The diversity and abundance of meiofauna in quasi-quantitative samples collected from Bathymodiolus mussel beds in a deep-sea hydrothermal vent field on the East Pacific Rise (EPR) was studied with particular reference to nematodes. Copepods, polychaetes and nematodes were found to be the most abundant meiofaunal taxa at all sites processed so far. Species richness (S = 4 - 6), Shannon-Wiener diversity indices (H{\textquoteright}(log e) = 0.9 - 1.5) and Pielou{\textquoteright}s eveness indices (J{\textquoteright} = 0.5 - 0.8) were similar at all sites. Six different species of nematode were identified, both sites exhibiting a dominance of Monhystrid species. Cluster analysis of Bray-Curtis similarities using group-average linkage on standardised data shows that samples from Train Station and East Wall separate out at around the 45{\%} similarity level. This separation results from the different abundances of nematode species present at both sites and the exclusive presence of Thalassomonhystera sp. B at Train Station and Anticoma sp. A at East Wall. A pot sample from a mussel bed at "Oasis" at 17 25{\textquoteright} S on the EPR exhibits approximately 30{\%} similarity with the NEPR samples as a result of higher abundance and species richness of nematodes. To date, meiofauna have seldom been included in ecological studies at vents and it is therefore not clear to whether patterns of faunal zonation and biogeography similar to those known in megafauna are also present in this size class. Future work may reveal possible large-scale variation in nematode species richness.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0007-9723},
	author = {Flint, H C and Copley, J T P and Ferrero, T J and Van Dover, C L}
}
@article {Mills2005,
	title = {{Parasitism as a potential contributor to massive clam mortality at the Blake Ridge Diapir methane-hydrate seep}},
	journal = {Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom},
	volume = {85},
	number = {6},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {1489{\textendash}1497},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0125-3154},
	doi = {10.1017/S0025315405012683},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0025315405012683},
	author = {Mills, A M and Ward, M E and Heyl, T P and Van Dover, C L}
}
@article {Fleutelot2005,
	title = {{Petrogenetic variability along the North-South Propagating Spreading Center of the North Fiji Basin}},
	journal = {Mineralogy and Petrology},
	volume = {83},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {55{\textendash}86},
	issn = {0930-0708},
	doi = {10.1007/s00710-004-0061-5},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00710-004-0061-5},
	author = {Fleutelot, C and Eissen, J P and Dosso, L and Juteau, T and Launeau, P and Bollinger, C and Cotten, J and Danyushevsky, L and Savoyant, L}
}
@article {Wheat2005,
	title = {{The potential role of ridge-flank hydrothermal systems on oceanic germanium and silicon balances}},
	journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
	volume = {69},
	number = {8},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {2021{\textendash}2029},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0016-7037},
	doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2004.05.046},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2004.05.046},
	author = {Wheat, C G and McManus, J}
}
@article {Hahlbeck2005,
	title = {{Proposed nitrate binding by hemoglobin in Riftia pachyptila blood}},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
	volume = {52},
	number = {10},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {1885{\textendash}1895},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0967-0637},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2004.12.011},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2004.12.011},
	author = {Hahlbeck, E and Pospesel, M A and Zal, F and Childress, J J and Felbeck, H}
}
@article {Varga2004,
	title = {{Paleomagnetic constraints on deformation models for uppermost oceanic crust exposed at the Hess Deep Rift: Implications for axial processes at the East Pacific Rise}},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
	volume = {109},
	number = {B2},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {B02104},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle), ROV Argo (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {0148-0227},
	doi = {10.1029/2003JB002486},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2003JB002486},
	author = {Varga, R J and Karson, J A and Gee, J S}
}
@article {Ward2004,
	title = {{Parasitism in species of Bathymodiolus (Bivalvia: Mytilidae) mussels from deep-sea seep and hydrothermal vents}},
	journal = {Diseases of Aquatic Organisms},
	volume = {62},
	number = {1},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {1{\textendash}16},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0177-5103},
	doi = {10.3354/dao062001},
	url = {http://www.int-res.com/articles/dao2004/62/d062p001.pdf},
	author = {Ward, M E and Shields, J D and Van Dover, C L}
}
@article {DiMeo-Savoie2004,
	title = {{Physicochemical characterization of the microhabitat of the epibionts associated with Alvinella pompejana, a hydrothermal vent annelid}},
	journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
	volume = {68},
	number = {9},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {2055{\textendash}2066},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0016-7037},
	doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2003.10.039},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2003.10.039},
	author = {Di Meo-Savoie, C A and Luther, G W and Cary, S C}
}
@article {Rona2003,
	title = {{Paleodictyon: A living fossil on the deepsea floor}},
	journal = {EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
	volume = {84},
	number = {46 (Fall Meet.Suppl.)},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {F828},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0096-3941},
	author = {Rona, P A}
}
@article {McMullin2003,
	title = {{Phylogeny and biogeography of deep sea vestimentiferan tubeworms and their bacterial symbionts}},
	journal = {Symbiosis},
	volume = {34},
	number = {1},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {1{\textendash}41},
	issn = {0334-5114},
	author = {McMullin, E R and Hourdez, S and Schaeffer, S W and Fisher, C R}
}
@mastersthesis {Bingham2003,
	title = {{Precision autonomous underwater navigation}},
	volume = {Ph.D.},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {185},
	school = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology},
	type = {phd},
	address = {Cambridge, Mass.},
	keywords = {AUV ABE (Autonomous Benthic Explorer)},
	url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29629},
	author = {Bingham, B S}
}
@article {Micheli2002,
	title = {{Predation structures communities at deep-sea hydrothermal vents}},
	journal = {Ecological Monographs},
	volume = {72},
	number = {3},
	year = {2002},
	pages = {365{\textendash}382},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0012-9615},
	doi = {10.1890/0012-9615(2002)072[0365:PSCADS]2.0.CO;2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/0012-9615(2002)072[0365:PSCADS]2.0.CO 2},
	author = {Micheli, F and Peterson, C H and Mullineaux, L S and Fisher, C R and Mills, S W and Sancho, G and Johnson, G A and Lenihan, H S}
}
@article {Fornes2001,
	title = {{A particle introduction experiment in Santa Catalina Basin sediments: Testing the age-dependent mixing hypothesis}},
	journal = {Journal of Marine Research},
	volume = {59},
	number = {1},
	year = {2001},
	month = {jan},
	pages = {97{\textendash}112},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0022-2402},
	doi = {10.1357/002224001321237380},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1357/002224001321237380},
	author = {Fornes, W L and DeMaster, D J and Smith, C R}
}
@inbook {Austin2000,
	title = {{PARADIGM: a buoy-based system for AUV navigation and tracking}},
	booktitle = {Oceans 2000 MTS/IEEE: where marine science and technology meet},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {935{\textendash}938},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	address = {Piscataway, N.J.},
	isbn = {0-7803-6551-8},
	doi = {10.1109/OCEANS.2000.881376},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2000.881376},
	author = {Austin, T C and Stokey, R P and Sharp, K M}
}
@article {Screaton2000,
	title = {{Permeability of a decollement zone: Results from a two-well experiment in the Barbados accretionary complex}},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
	volume = {105},
	number = {B9},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {21,403{\textendash}421,410},
	issn = {0148-0227},
	doi = {10.1029/2000JB900220},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JB900220},
	author = {Screaton, E and Carson, B and Davis, E and Becker, K}
}
@article {Becker2000,
	title = {{Plugging the seafloor with CORKs}},
	journal = {Oceanus},
	volume = {42},
	number = {1},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {14{\textendash}16},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0029-8182},
	url = {http://www.whoi.edu/cms/files/dfino/2005/4/v42n1-becker-davis{\_}2258.pdf},
	author = {Becker, K and Davis, E E}
}
@article {Tsuchida2000,
	title = {{Preliminary report of a biological, geological, and geochemical survey on hydrothermalism at the Hotoma and Minna Knolls SF sub(6) tracer experiment to observe the behavior of hydrothermal plume at South East Pacific Rise}},
	journal = {JAMSTEC Journal of Deep Sea Research},
	number = {17},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {35{\textendash}42},
	issn = {1340-7848},
	url = {http://docsrv.godac.jp/MSV2{\_}DATA/23/17{\_}06.pdf},
	author = {Tsuchida, S and Watanabe, K and Ishibashi, J and Miyake, H and Watabe, H and Yamaguchi, T and Kitajima, T and Nakano, A and Matsumura, M and Watanabe, H and Tsumune, D and Shitashima, K and Okamura, K and Urabe, T and Nakamura, K and Fujimoto, H and Mitsuzawa, K}
}
@article {Mitsuzawa2000,
	title = {{Preliminary report of Deep-Tow/Yokosuka Cruise at hydrothermal areas in the Mid and Southern Mariana}},
	journal = {JAMSTEC Journal of Deep Sea Research},
	number = {17},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {73{\textendash}87},
	issn = {1340-7848},
	url = {http://docsrv.godac.jp/MSV2{\_}DATA/23/17{\_}10.pdf},
	author = {Mitsuzawa, K and Masuda, H and Seama, N and Hasegawa, Y and Miyamoto, M and Togashi, N and So, A and Yamanobe, H}
}
@article {Naka2000,
	title = {{Preliminary results of the Deep Sea Research Cruises around Hawaiian Islands using ROV KAIKO and R/V KAIREI in 1998 and DSRV SHINKAI 6500 and R/V YOKOSUKA in 1999}},
	journal = {JAMSTEC Journal of Deep Sea Research},
	number = {17},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {1{\textendash}12},
	issn = {1340-7848},
	url = {http://docsrv.godac.jp/MSV2{\_}DATA/23/17{\_}01.pdf},
	author = {Naka, J}
}
@inbook {Allen2000,
	title = {{Propulsion system performance enhancements on REMUS AUVs}},
	booktitle = {Oceans 2000 MTS/IEEE: where marine science and technology meet},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {1869{\textendash}1873},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	address = {Piscataway, N.J.},
	isbn = {0-7803-6551-8},
	doi = {10.1109/OCEANS.2000.882209},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2000.882209},
	author = {Allen, B and Vorus, W S and Prestero, T}
}
@article {Chave2000,
	title = {{Putting H20 in the ocean}},
	journal = {Oceanus},
	volume = {42},
	number = {1},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {6{\textendash}9},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {0029-8182},
	author = {Chave, A D and Duennebier, F K and Butler, R}
}
@article {Ikehara1999,
	title = {{Paleocurrent analysis of deep-sea turbidites collected by submersible: An example from the Okushiri Basin, northern Japan Sea}},
	journal = {JAMSTEC Journal of Deep Sea Research},
	number = {14},
	year = {1999},
	pages = {455{\textendash}465},
	issn = {1340-7848},
	url = {http://docsrv.godac.jp/MSV2{\_}DATA/23/14{\_}37.pdf},
	author = {Ikehara, K}
}
@article {Baco1999,
	title = {{The phylogenetic relationships of whale-fall vesicomyid clams based on mitochondrial COI DNA sequences}},
	journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series},
	volume = {182},
	year = {1999},
	pages = {137{\textendash}147},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0171-8630},
	doi = {10.3354/meps182137},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps182137},
	author = {Baco, A R and Smith, C R and Peek, A S and Roderick, G K and Vrijenhoek, R C}
}
@article {Thistle1999,
	title = {{Physical reworking by near-bottom flow alters the metazoan meiofauna of Fieberling Guyot (northeast Pacific)}},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
	volume = {46},
	number = {12},
	year = {1999},
	pages = {2041{\textendash}2052},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0967-0637},
	doi = {10.1016/S0967-0637(99)00040-0},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0637(99)00040-0},
	author = {Thistle, D and Levin, L A and Gooday, A J and Pfannkuche, O and Lambshead, P J D}
}
@article {Vetriani1999,
	title = {{Population structure and phylogenetic characterization of marine benthic Archaea in deep-sea sediments}},
	journal = {Applied and Environmental Microbiology},
	volume = {65},
	number = {10},
	year = {1999},
	pages = {4375{\textendash}4384},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0099-2240},
	url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=91581},
	author = {Vetriani, C and Jannasch, H W and MacGregor, B J and Stahl, D A and Reysenbach, A -L}
}
@article {Kuramoto1999,
	title = {{Precise gravity measurements for gas hydrate layer}},
	journal = {JAMSTEC Journal of Deep Sea Research},
	number = {14},
	year = {1999},
	pages = {371{\textendash}379},
	issn = {1340-7848},
	url = {http://docsrv.godac.jp/MSV2{\_}DATA/23/14{\_}30.pdf},
	author = {Kuramoto, S and Joshima, M}
}
@article {Whitcomb1999,
	title = {{Preliminary experiments in model-based thruster control for underwater vehicle positioning}},
	journal = {IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering},
	volume = {24},
	number = {4},
	year = {1999},
	pages = {495{\textendash}506},
	issn = {0364-9059},
	doi = {10.1109/48.809273},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/48.809273},
	author = {Whitcomb, L L and Yoerger, D R}
}
@book {Bowen1998b,
	title = {{A passive capture latch for ODYSSEY-class AUVs}},
	series = {WHOI technical reports},
	volume = {98-12},
	year = {1998},
	pages = {12},
	publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	organization = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	address = {Woods Hole, Mass.},
	doi = {10.1575/1912/320},
	url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1912/320},
	author = {Bowen, M F}
}
@article {Beaulieu1998a,
	title = {{Phytodetritus entering the benthic boundary layer and aggregated on the sea floor in the abyssal NE Pacific: macro- and microscopic composition}},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
	volume = {45},
	number = {4-5},
	year = {1998},
	pages = {781{\textendash}815},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0967-0645},
	doi = {10.1016/S0967-0645(98)00003-4},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(98)00003-4},
	author = {Beaulieu, S E and Smith, K L}
}
@article {Black1998,
	title = {{Population genetics and biogeography of vestimentiferan tube worms}},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
	volume = {45},
	number = {1-3},
	year = {1998},
	pages = {365{\textendash}382},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0967-0645},
	doi = {10.1016/S0967-0645(97)00076-3},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(97)00076-3},
	author = {Black, M B and Trivedi, A and Maas, P A Y and Lutz, R A and Vrijenhoek, R C}
}
@article {Pruis1998,
	title = {{Porosity of very young oceanic crust from sea floor gravity}},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {25},
	number = {11},
	year = {1998},
	pages = {1959{\textendash}1962},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1029/98GL01412},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/98GL01412},
	author = {Pruis, M J and Johnson, H P}
}
@article {Ogawa1998,
	title = {{Preservation of biogenic opal-A in earliest Cretaceous radiolarian claystone from the western Pacific}},
	journal = {Journal of Sedimentary Research, Section A: Sedimentary Petrology and Processes},
	volume = {68},
	number = {3},
	year = {1998},
	pages = {435{\textendash}439},
	issn = {1073-130X},
	url = {http://jsedres.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/content/abstract/68/3/435},
	author = {Ogawa, Y and Kawata, T}
}
@inbook {Becker1996,
	title = {{Pre-drilling observations of conductive heat flow at the TAG active mound using Alvin}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Initial Reports},
	volume = {158},
	year = {1996},
	pages = {23{\textendash}29},
	publisher = {Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A{\&}M University},
	organization = {Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A{\&}M University},
	address = {College Station, Tex.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	doi = {10.2973/odp.proc.ir.158.103.1996},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.ir.158.103.1996},
	author = {Becker, K and Von Herzen, R P},
	editor = {Maddox, E}
}
@article {Auster1995,
	title = {{Patterns of microhabitat utilization by mobile megafauna on the southern New England (USA) continental shelf and slope}},
	journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series},
	volume = {127},
	number = {1-3},
	year = {1995},
	pages = {77{\textendash}85},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0170-8630},
	doi = {10.3354/meps127077},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps127077},
	author = {Auster, P J and Malatesta, R J and LaRosa, S C}
}
@article {Wishner1995,
	title = {{Pelagic and benthic ecology of the lower interface of the Eastern Tropical Pacific oxygen minimum zone}},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
	volume = {42},
	number = {1},
	year = {1995},
	pages = {93{\textendash}115},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0967-0637},
	doi = {10.1016/0967-0637(94)00021-J},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0967-0637(94)00021-J},
	author = {Wishner, K F and Ashjian, C J and Gelfman, C and Gowing, M M and Kann, L and Levin, L A and Mullineaux, L S and Saltzman, J}
}
@article {Muyzer1995,
	title = {{Phylogenetic relationships of Thiomicrospira species and their identification in deep-sea hydrothermal vent samples by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of 16S rDNA fragments}},
	journal = {Archives of Microbiology},
	volume = {164},
	number = {3},
	year = {1995},
	pages = {165{\textendash}172},
	issn = {0302-8933},
	doi = {10.1007/s002030050250},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002030050250},
	author = {Muyzer, G and Teske, A and Wirsen, C O and Jannasch, H W}
}
@article {Scott1995,
	title = {{Physiological ecology of sulfide metabolism in hydrothermal vent and cold seep vesicomyid clams and vestimentiferan tube worms}},
	journal = {American Zoologist},
	volume = {35},
	number = {2},
	year = {1995},
	pages = {102{\textendash}111},
	issn = {0003-1569},
	doi = {10.1093/icb/35.2.102},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/35.2.102},
	author = {Scott, K M and Fisher, C R}
}
@article {Nelson1995b,
	title = {{Physiology and biochemistry of symbiotic and free-living chemoautotrophic sulfur bacteria}},
	journal = {American Zoologist},
	volume = {35},
	number = {2},
	year = {1995},
	pages = {91{\textendash}101},
	issn = {0003-1569},
	doi = {10.1093/icb/35.2.91},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/35.2.91},
	author = {Nelson, D C and Hagen, K D}
}
@article {Geistdoerfer1994a,
	title = {{Pachycara thermophilum, a new zoarcid fish from hydrothermal ecosystems of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.; Pachycara thermophilium, une nouvelle espece do poisson Zoarcidae des sites hydrothermaux de la dorsale medio-atlantique}},
	journal = {Cybium},
	volume = {18},
	number = {2},
	year = {1994},
	pages = {109{\textendash}115},
	issn = {0399-0974},
	author = {Geistdoerfer, P}
}
@article {Hurst1994,
	title = {{Paleomagnetism of tilted dikes in fast spread oceanic crust exposed in the Hess Deep Rift: implications for spreading and rift propagation}},
	journal = {Tectonics},
	volume = {13},
	number = {4},
	year = {1994},
	pages = {789{\textendash}802},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0278-7407},
	doi = {10.1029/94TC00845},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/94TC00845},
	author = {Hurst, S D and Karson, J A and Verosub, K L}
}
@article {Smith1994a,
	title = {{Petrology and geochemistry of basalts from the southern Juan de Fuca Ridge: Contols on the spatial and temporal evolution of mid-ocean ridge basalt}},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
	volume = {99},
	number = {B3},
	year = {1994},
	pages = {4787{\textendash}4812},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0148-0227},
	doi = {10.1029/93JB02158},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/93JB02158},
	author = {Smith, M C and Perfit, M R and Jonasson, I R}
}
@book {Reiss1994,
	title = {{Preliminary report of the 1988 A2-88-NC Gorda Ridge Cruise}},
	series = {USGS open-file report},
	year = {1994},
	pages = {109},
	publisher = {US Geological Survey},
	organization = {US Geological Survey},
	address = {Reston, Va.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	url = {http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/usgspubs/ofr/ofr94711},
	author = {Reiss, C A and Zierenberg, R A}
}
@inbook {Wirsen1992,
	title = {{Physiological studies on a hyperthermophilic archea from a Guaymas Basin hydrothermal vent}},
	booktitle = {Short Communications of the 1991 International Marine Biotechnology Conference, IMBC {\textquoteright}91},
	volume = {1},
	year = {1992},
	pages = {36{\textendash}38},
	publisher = {W. C. Brown},
	organization = {W. C. Brown},
	address = {Dubuque, Iowa},
	isbn = {0-697-20639-4},
	author = {Wirsen, C O and Hoaki, T and Maruyama, T and Jannasch, H W},
	editor = {Nash, C C}
}
@article {Kleinrock1992,
	title = {{Practical geological comparison of some seafloor survey instruments}},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {19},
	number = {13},
	year = {1992},
	pages = {1407{\textendash}1410},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1029/92GL01390},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/92GL01390},
	author = {Kleinrock, M C and Hey, R N and Theberge, A E}
}
@inbook {Yoerger1992a,
	title = {{Precise navigation and control of an ROV at 2200 meters depth}},
	booktitle = {Intervention/ROV {\textquoteright}92 conference {\&} exposition},
	year = {1992},
	pages = {277{\textendash}281},
	publisher = {Intervention/ROV 92 Committee of the Marine Technology Society},
	organization = {Intervention/ROV 92 Committee of the Marine Technology Society},
	address = {San Diego, Calif.},
	author = {Yoerger, D R and Mindell, D A}
}
@inbook {Felbeck1992,
	title = {{Prokaryotic symbionts in marine invertebrates}},
	booktitle = {Prokaryotes: A handbook on the biology of bacteria: ecophysiology, isolation, identification, applications},
	volume = {2nd},
	year = {1992},
	pages = {3891{\textendash}3906},
	publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
	organization = {Springer-Verlag},
	address = {New York},
	isbn = {0-387-97258-7},
	author = {Felbeck, H and Distel, D L},
	editor = {Balows, A}
}
@inbook {Ulrich1991c,
	title = {{Passive mechanical gravity compensation for robot manipulators}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings: 1991 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, April 9-11, 1991, Sacramento, Calif.},
	volume = {2},
	year = {1991},
	pages = {1536{\textendash}1541},
	publisher = {IEEE Computer Society Press},
	organization = {IEEE Computer Society Press},
	address = {Los Alamitos, Calif.},
	isbn = {0-8186-2163-X},
	doi = {10.1109/ROBOT.1991.131834},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ROBOT.1991.131834},
	author = {Ulrich, N and Kumar, V}
}
@article {VanDover1991,
	title = {{Phenomena, comment and note}},
	journal = {Smithsonian},
	volume = {22},
	number = {9},
	year = {1991},
	pages = {22{\textendash}23},
	issn = {0037-7333},
	author = {Van Dover, C L}
}
@mastersthesis {Woodford1991,
	title = {{Propulsion optimization for ABE, an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV)}},
	volume = {M.S.},
	year = {1991},
	pages = {103},
	school = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	type = {phd},
	address = {Cambridge, MA and Woods Hole, MA},
	keywords = {AUV ABE (Autonomous Benthic Explorer)},
	author = {Woodford, T J}
}
@article {Pley1991,
	title = {{Pyrodictium abyssi sp. nov. represents a novel heterotrophic marine archaeal hyperthermophile growing at 110 degrees C.}},
	journal = {Systematic and Applied Microbiology},
	volume = {14},
	number = {3},
	year = {1991},
	pages = {245{\textendash}253},
	issn = {0723-2020},
	author = {Pley, Y and Schipka, J and Gambacorta, A and Jannasch, H W and Fricke, H R and Stetter, K O}
}
@article {Straube1990,
	title = {{Particulate DNA in smoker fluids: Evidence for existence of microbial populations in hot hydrothermal systems}},
	journal = {Applied and Environmental Microbiology},
	volume = {56},
	number = {5},
	year = {1990},
	pages = {1440{\textendash}1447},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0099-2240},
	url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/picrender.fcgi?artid=184425{\&}blobtype=pdf},
	author = {Straube, W L and Deming, J W and Somerville, C C and Colwell, R R and Baross, J A}
}
@article {Didyk1990,
	title = {{Petroleum characteristics of the oil in a Guaymas Basin hydrothermal chimney}},
	journal = {Applied Geochemistry},
	volume = {5},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {1990},
	pages = {29{\textendash}40},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0883-2927},
	doi = {10.1016/0883-2927(90)90033-2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0883-2927(90)90033-2},
	author = {Didyk, B M and Simoneit, B R T}
}
@article {Kawka1990,
	title = {{Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in hydrothermal petroleums from the Guaymas Basin spreading center}},
	journal = {Applied Geochemistry},
	volume = {5},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {1990},
	pages = {17{\textendash}27},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0883-2927},
	doi = {10.1016/0883-2927(90)90032-Z},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0883-2927(90)90032-Z},
	author = {Kawka, O E and Simoneit, B R T}
}
@article {Child1989,
	title = {{Pycnogonida of the western Pacific Islands 6. Sericosura cochleifovea , a new hydrothermal vent species from the Marianas Back-Arc Basin}},
	journal = {Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington},
	volume = {102},
	number = {3},
	year = {1989},
	pages = {732{\textendash}737},
	issn = {0006-324X},
	author = {Child, C A}
}
@article {Hessler1988,
	title = {{Patterns on the ocean floor}},
	journal = {New Scientist},
	volume = {117},
	number = {1605},
	year = {1988},
	pages = {47{\textendash}51},
	issn = {0262-4079},
	author = {Hessler, R and Lonsdale, P and Hawkins, J and MacQuitty, M}
}
@article {LeHuray1988,
	title = {{Pb isotope ratios in sulfides from mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal sites}},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {16},
	number = {4},
	year = {1988},
	pages = {362{\textendash}365},
	issn = {0091-7613},
	doi = {10.1130/0091-7613(1988)016<0362:PIISFM>2.3.CO;2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1988)016{\%}3C0362:PIISFM{\%}3E2.3.CO 2},
	author = {LeHuray, A P and Church, S E and Koski, R A and Bouse, R M}
}
@article {Fisher1988b,
	title = {{Physiology, morphology, and biochemical composition of Riftia pachyptila at Rose Garden in 1985}},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers},
	volume = {35},
	number = {10-11},
	year = {1988},
	pages = {1745{\textendash}1758},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0198-0149},
	doi = {10.1016/0198-0149(88)90047-7},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(88)90047-7},
	author = {Fisher, C R and Childress, J J and Arp, A J and Brooks, J M and Distel, D and Favuzzi, J A and Macko, S A and Newton, A and Powell, M A and Somero, G N and Soto, T}
}
@article {Dymond1988,
	title = {{Plume dispersal hydrothermal particles: a time-series record of settling flux from the Endeavour Ridge using moored sensors}},
	journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
	volume = {52},
	number = {10},
	year = {1988},
	pages = {2525{\textendash}2536},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0016-7037},
	doi = {10.1016/0016-7037(88)90310-9},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(88)90310-9},
	author = {Dymond, J and Roth, S}
}
@article {Hegner1987,
	title = {{Pb, Sr, and Nd isotopes in basalts and sulfides from the Juan de Fuca Ridge}},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
	volume = {92},
	number = {B11},
	year = {1987},
	pages = {11,311{\textendash}380,386},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0148-0227},
	doi = {10.1029/JB092iB11p11380},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/JB092iB11p11380},
	author = {Hegner, E and Tatsumoto, M}
}
@inbook {Allan1987,
	title = {{Petrology and chemistry of lavas from seamounts flanking the East Pacific Rise axis, 21 degrees N: implications concerning the mantle source composition for both seamount and adjacent EPR lavas}},
	booktitle = {Seamounts, islands, and atolls},
	series = {Geophysical Monograph},
	number = {43},
	year = {1987},
	pages = {255{\textendash}282},
	publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
	organization = {American Geophysical Union},
	address = {Washington, D.C.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	isbn = {0-87590-068-2},
	author = {Allan, J F and Batiza, R and Lonsdale, P},
	editor = {Keating, B H}
}
@article {VanDover1987,
	title = {{Prediction of hydrothermal vent locations from distributions of brachyuran crabs}},
	journal = {Limnology and Oceanography},
	volume = {32},
	number = {4},
	year = {1987},
	pages = {1006{\textendash}1010},
	keywords = {ROV Argo (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {0024-3590},
	url = {http://www.aslo.org/lo/toc/vol{\_}32/issue{\_}4/1006.pdf},
	author = {Van Dover, C L and Franks, P and Ballard, R D}
}
@article {Stanley1986,
	title = {{Petrologic and foraminiferal evidence for active downslope transport in Wilmington Canyon}},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {69},
	number = {3-4},
	year = {1986},
	pages = {207{\textendash}218},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0025-3227},
	doi = {10.1016/0025-3227(86)90039-3},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(86)90039-3},
	author = {Stanley, D J and Culver, S J and Stubblefield, W L}
}
@article {950,
	title = {{Picture perfect return to the R.M.S. Titanic}},
	journal = {Sea Technology},
	volume = {27},
	number = {9},
	year = {1986},
	pages = {19{\textendash}22},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle), ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {0093-3651}
}
@article {Arnold1985,
	title = {{Predation and avoidance responses in the foraminifera of the Galapagos hydrothermal mounds}},
	journal = {Journal of Foraminiferal Research},
	volume = {15},
	number = {1},
	year = {1985},
	pages = {38{\textendash}42},
	issn = {0096-1191},
	doi = {10.2113/gsjfr.15.1.38},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsjfr.15.1.38},
	author = {Arnold, A J and D{\textquoteright}Escrivan, F and Parker, W C}
}
@inbook {Krafft1985,
	title = {{Preliminary results of an Alvin dive program on active hydrothermal vents at the southern Juan de Fuca Ridge.}},
	booktitle = {USGS Research on Mineral Resources{\textendash}1985: Program and Abstracts: V.E. McKelvey Forum on Mineral and Energy Resources},
	series = {USGS Circular},
	number = {949},
	year = {1985},
	pages = {54{\textendash}55},
	publisher = {U.S. Geological Survey},
	organization = {U.S. Geological Survey},
	address = {Menlo Park, Calif.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	url = {http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/usgspubs/cir/cir949},
	author = {Krafft, K}
}
@article {Broadus1984,
	title = {{Polymetallic sulfides and policy spheres}},
	journal = {Oceanus},
	volume = {27},
	number = {3},
	year = {1984},
	pages = {26{\textendash}31},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0029-8182},
	author = {Broadus, J M and Bowen, R E}
}
@inbook {Ryan1983,
	title = {{Potential of radioactive and other waste disposals on the continental margin by natural dispersal processes}},
	booktitle = {Radioactive Wastes and the Ocean},
	series = {Wastes in the Ocean},
	number = {3},
	year = {1983},
	pages = {215{\textendash}236},
	publisher = {Wiley},
	organization = {Wiley},
	address = {New York, N.Y.},
	isbn = {0471097705},
	author = {Ryan, W B F and Farre, J A},
	editor = {Park, P K}
}
@inbook {VonDamm1983a,
	title = {{Preliminary report on the chemistry of hydrothermal solutions at 21 degrees N East Pacific Rise}},
	booktitle = {Hydrothermal processes at seafloor spreading centers},
	series = {NATO conference series. IV, Marine sciences},
	number = {12},
	year = {1983},
	pages = {359{\textendash}389},
	publisher = {Plenum Press},
	organization = {Plenum Press},
	address = {New York, N.Y.},
	isbn = {0306414821},
	author = {Von Damm, K L and Grant, B and Edmond, J M},
	editor = {Rona, P A}
}
@article {Ruby1982,
	title = {{Physiological characteristics of Thiomicrospira sp. strain L-12 isolated from deep-sea hydrothermal vents}},
	journal = {Journal of Bacteriology},
	volume = {149},
	number = {1},
	year = {1982},
	pages = {161{\textendash}165},
	issn = {0021-9193},
	url = {http://jb.asm.org/cgi/content/abstract/149/1/161},
	author = {Ruby, E G and Jannasch, H W}
}
@article {Felbeck1982,
	title = {{Primary production in deep-sea hydrothermal vent organisms: roles of sulfide-oxidizing bacteria}},
	journal = {Trends in Biochemical Sciences},
	volume = {7},
	number = {6},
	year = {1982},
	pages = {201{\textendash}204},
	issn = {0968-0004},
	author = {Felbeck, H and Somero, G N}
}
@book {Vanney1982,
	title = {{Processus geodynamiques observes en submersible: Geodynamic processes observed from a submersible: Seminaire du 2 avril 1982}},
	series = {Oceanis},
	year = {1982},
	pages = {40},
	publisher = {Institut Oceanographique},
	organization = {Institut Oceanographique},
	address = {Paris, France},
	author = {Vanney, J -R and Gennesseaux, M}
}
@article {Vidal1981,
	title = {{Pb and Sr Isotopic Systematics of Some Basalts and Sulfides From the East Pacific Rise at 21 degrees N (Project RITA)}},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {55},
	number = {2},
	year = {1981},
	pages = {237{\textendash}246},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0012-821X},
	doi = {10.1016/0012-821X(81)90103-5},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(81)90103-5},
	author = {Vidal, P and Clauer, N}
}
@inbook {Hubbard1981,
	title = {{Preliminary studies of the fate of shallow-water detritus in the basin north of St. Croix, U.S.V.I.}},
	booktitle = {Reef and Man: Proceedings of the Fourth International Coral Reef Symposium, Manila, Philippines, 18-22 May 1981},
	volume = {1},
	year = {1981},
	pages = {383{\textendash}388},
	publisher = {University of the Philippines, Marine Sciences Center},
	organization = {University of the Philippines, Marine Sciences Center},
	address = {Quezon City, Philippines},
	isbn = {9710300156},
	author = {Hubbard, D K and Suchanek, T H and Gill, I P and Cowper, S and Ogden, J C and Westerfield, J R and Bayes, J},
	editor = {Gomez, E D}
}
@article {Cavanaugh1981,
	title = {{Prokaryotic cells in the hydrothermal vent tube worm Riftia pachyptila Jones: possible chemoautotrophic symbionts}},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {213},
	number = {4505},
	year = {1981},
	pages = {340{\textendash}341},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0036-8075},
	doi = {10.1126/science.213.4505.340},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.213.4505.340},
	author = {Cavanaugh, C M and Gardiner, S L and Jones, M L and Jannasch, H W and Waterbury, J B}
}
@article {Bellaiche1979,
	title = {{Petrological evidence of a typical oceanic crust in the Western Meditteranean Sea}},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {32},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {1979},
	pages = {M11{\textendash}M18},
	issn = {0025-3227},
	doi = {10.1016/0025-3227(79)90141-5},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(79)90141-5},
	author = {Bellaiche, G and Rehault, J P and Robin, C and Gennesseaux, M and Auzende, J M and Boivin, M C}
}
@book {Hosom1978,
	title = {{A pulsed light command system for the scamp platform and Alvin}},
	series = {WHOI technical memoranda},
	year = {1978},
	pages = {19},
	publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	organization = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	address = {Woods Hole, Mass.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	author = {Hosom, D S}
}
@book {Ballard1977c,
	title = {{Photographic atlas of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge Rift Valley}},
	year = {1977},
	pages = {125},
	publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
	organization = {Springer-Verlag},
	address = {New York, N.Y.},
	isbn = {0387902473},
	author = {Ballard, R D and Moore, J G}
}
@article {Heirtzler1977e,
	title = {{Project FAMOUS: Its origin, programs, and setting}},
	journal = {Geological Society of America Bulletin},
	volume = {88},
	number = {4},
	year = {1977},
	pages = {481{\textendash}487},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0016-7606},
	doi = {10.1130/0016-7606(1977)88<481:PFIOPA>2.0.CO;2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1977)88{\%}3C481:PFIOPA{\%}3E2.0.CO 2},
	author = {Heirtzler, J R and van Andel, T H}
}
@article {Ballard1977,
	title = {{Project FAMOUS: Operational techniques and American submersible operations}},
	journal = {Geological Society of America Bulletin},
	volume = {88},
	number = {4},
	year = {1977},
	pages = {495{\textendash}506},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0016-7606},
	doi = {10.1130/0016-7606(1977)88<495:PFOTAA>2.0.CO;2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1977)88{\%}3C495:PFOTAA{\%}3E2.0.CO 2},
	author = {Ballard, R D and van Andel, T H}
}
@article {Wiebe1976,
	title = {{Particulate matter sinking to the deep-sea floor at 2000 m in the Tongue of the Ocean, Bahamas, with a description of a new sedimentation trap}},
	journal = {Journal of Marine Research},
	volume = {34},
	number = {3},
	year = {1976},
	pages = {341{\textendash}354},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0022-2402},
	author = {Wiebe, P H and Boyd, S H and Winget, C L}
}
@book {Wiebe1976a,
	title = {{Particulate matter sinking to the deep-sea floor at 2000 m in the Tongue of the Ocean, Bahamas, with a description of a new sedimentation trap}},
	series = {WHOI technical reports},
	volume = {76-85},
	year = {1976},
	pages = {14},
	publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	organization = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	address = {Woods Hole, Mass.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	doi = {10.1575/1912/1792},
	url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1912/1792},
	author = {Wiebe, P H and Boyd, S H and Winget, C L}
}
@book {Sharp1976a,
	title = {{A pendulum inclinometer for use with small deep-submersibles}},
	series = {WHOI technical reports},
	volume = {76-82},
	year = {1976},
	pages = {5},
	publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	organization = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	address = {Woods Hole, Mass.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	doi = {10.1575/1912/643},
	url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1912/643},
	author = {Sharp, A G and Sullivan, J R}
}
@book {Bertsche1976b,
	title = {{Potential design alternatives and analysis of system response variables, characteristic of undersea manipulators with force feedback}},
	series = {WHOI technical memoranda},
	year = {1976},
	pages = {66},
	publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	organization = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	address = {Woods Hole, Mass.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	author = {Bertsche, W R and Pesch, A J and Winget, C L}
}
@article {Grassle1975,
	title = {{Pattern and zonation: a study of the bathyal megafauna using the research submersible Alvin}},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research and Oceanographic Abstracts},
	volume = {22},
	number = {7},
	year = {1975},
	pages = {457{\textendash}482},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0011-7471},
	doi = {10.1016/0011-7471(75)90020-0},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0011-7471(75)90020-0},
	author = {Grassle, J F and Sanders, H L and Hessler, R R and Rowe, G T and McLellan, T}
}
@article {822,
	title = {{Photography from a submersible during project FAMOUS}},
	journal = {Oceanus},
	volume = {18},
	number = {3},
	year = {1975},
	pages = {31{\textendash}39},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0029-8182}
}
@article {Ballard1975b,
	title = {{Probing the Mid-Atlantic Rift}},
	journal = {Science Teacher},
	volume = {42},
	year = {1975},
	pages = {12{\textendash}18},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0036-8555},
	author = {Ballard, R D}
}
@article {Heirtzler1975,
	title = {{Project FAMOUS - man{\textquoteright}s first voyages down to the Mid-Atlantic Ridge - where the earth turns inside out}},
	journal = {National Geographic Magazine},
	volume = {147},
	number = {5},
	year = {1975},
	pages = {586{\textendash}603},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0027-9358},
	author = {Heirtzler, J R}
}
@article {Heirtzler1973,
	title = {{Project FAMOUS planning Mid-Atlantic Ridge investigation}},
	journal = {Marine Technology Society Journal},
	volume = {40},
	number = {2},
	year = {1973},
	pages = {14{\textendash}15},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0025-3324},
	author = {Heirtzler, J R}
}
@book {Kiernan1970,
	title = {{Proposed test and evaluation program for Project TITANES}},
	series = {Naval Ship Research and Development Center (NSRDC) Report},
	year = {1970},
	publisher = {Naval Ship Research and Development Center (NSRDC)},
	organization = {Naval Ship Research and Development Center (NSRDC)},
	address = {Bethesda, Md.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	author = {Kiernan, T J}
}
@book {Winter1966,
	title = {{A photoelastic investigation of deep submergence windows}},
	year = {1966},
	pages = {54},
	publisher = {Allied Research Associates, Inc.},
	organization = {Allied Research Associates, Inc.},
	address = {Concord, Mass.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	url = {http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/AD634403},
	author = {Winter, R and Becker, H}
}
@book {Kiernan1964,
	title = {{Predictions of the collapse strength of three HY-100 steel spherical hulls fabricated for the oceanographic research vehicle Alvin}},
	series = {DTMB-},
	year = {1964},
	pages = {41},
	publisher = {David Taylor Model Basin},
	organization = {David Taylor Model Basin},
	address = {Washington, D.C.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	author = {Kiernan, T J}
}
@book {Mavor1964,
	title = {{Preliminary memorandum on the weight, buoyancy and stability, speed, power, drag and thrust of the research submarine Alvin}},
	series = {WHOI technical memoranda},
	year = {1964},
	pages = {32},
	publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	organization = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	address = {Woods Hole, MA},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	author = {Mavor, J W}
}
@book {Torda1964a,
	title = {{Proposal for experimental program for drag reduction of the Alvin oceanographic submarine}},
	year = {1964},
	publisher = {Illinois Institute of Technology},
	organization = {Illinois Institute of Technology},
	address = {Chicago, Ill.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	author = {Torda, T P}
}
