@article {RN2502,
	title = {Variability of Natural Methane Bubble Release at Southern Hydrate Ridge},
	journal = {Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems},
	year = {2021},
	type = {Journal Article},
	doi = {10.1029/2021gc009894},
	url = {https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1141266962},
	author = {Marcon, Yann and Kelley, Deborah and Thornton, Blair and Manalang, Dana and Bohrmann, Gerhard}
}
@article {RN2434,
	title = {Validation of Wind Speeds From Brown-Peaky Retracker in the Gulf of Mexico and East Coast of North America},
	journal = {Ieee Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing},
	volume = {58},
	number = {8},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {5793-5803},
	type = {Journal Article},
	issn = {0196-2892},
	doi = {10.1109/TGRS.2020.2970443},
	author = {Peng, F. K. and Deng, X. L.}
}
@article {RN2427,
	title = {Volcaniclastic Dispersal During Submarine Lava Effusion: The 2012 Eruption of Havre Volcano, Kermadec Arc, New Zealand},
	journal = {Frontiers in Earth Science},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {237},
	type = {Journal Article},
	doi = {10.3389/feart.2020.00237},
	author = {Murch, Arran P. and White, James D. L. and Barreyre, Thibaut and Carey, Rebecca J. and Mundana, Rhiannon and Ikegami, Fumihiko}
}
@article {RN2388,
	title = {Validation of Geodetic Seafloor Benchmark Stability Using Structure-From-Motion and Seafloor Pressure Data},
	journal = {Earth and Space Science},
	year = {2019},
	type = {Journal Article},
	doi = {10.1029/2019EA000623},
	author = {Cook, M. J. and DeSanto, J. B.}
}
@article {RN2394,
	title = {Variation in the structure of the deep-sea fish assemblages on Necker Island, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research Part I-Oceanographic Research Papers},
	volume = {152},
	year = {2019},
	type = {Journal Article},
	issn = {0967-0637},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2019.103086},
	author = {Mejia-Mercado, B. E. and Mundy, B. and Baco, A. R.}
}
@article {2474,
	title = {Validation of a Hypothesis: Colonization of Black Smokers by Hyperthermophilic Microorganisms},
	journal = {Frontiers in Microbiology},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2018},
	month = {2018},
	pages = {524 - 524},
	issn = {1664-302X},
	doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2018.00524},
	author = {Wirth, Reinhard and Luckner, Manja and Wanner, Gerhard}
}
@article {Radice2016,
	title = {{Vertical water mass structure in the North Atlantic influences the bathymetric distribution of species in the deep-sea coral genus Paramuricea}},
	journal = {Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
	volume = {116},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {253{\textendash}263},
	abstract = {Deep-sea corals are the structural foundation of their ecosystems along continental margins worldwide, yet the factors driving their broad distribution are poorly understood. Environmental factors, especially depth-related variables including water mass properties, are thought to considerably affect the realized distribution of deep-sea corals. These factors are governed by local and regional oceanographic conditions that directly influence the dispersal of larvae, and therefore affect the ultimate distribution of adult corals. We used molecular barcoding of mitochondrial and nuclear sequences to identify species of octocorals in the genus Paramuricea collected from the Labrador Sea to the Grand Banks of Newfoundland, Canada at depths of 150{\textendash}1500 m. The results of this study revealed overlapping bathymetric distributions of the Paramuricea species present off the eastern Canadian coast, including the presence of a few cryptic species previously designated as Paramuricea placomus. The distribution of Paramuricea species in the western North Atlantic differs from the Gulf of Mexico, where five Paramuricea species exhibit strong segregation by depth. The different patterns of Paramuricea species in these contrasting biogeographic regions provide insight into how water mass structure may shape species distribution. Investigating Paramuricea prevalence and distribution in conjunction with oceanographic conditions can help demonstrate the factors that generate and maintain deep-sea biodiversity.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle), ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2016.08.014},
	author = {Radice, V Z and Quattrini, A M and Wareham, V E and Edinger, E N and Cordes, E E}
}
@article {Chadwick2016,
	title = {{Voluminous eruption from a zoned magma body after an increase in supply rate at Axial Seamount}},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {43},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {12,063{\textendash}12,070},
	abstract = {Axial Seamount is the best monitored submarine volcano in the world, providing an exceptional window into the dynamic interactions between magma storage, transport, and eruption processes in a mid-ocean ridge setting. An eruption in April 2015 produced the largest volume of erupted lava since monitoring and mapping began in the mid-1980s after the shortest repose time, due to a recent increase in magma supply. The higher rate of magma replenishment since 2011 resulted in the eruption of the most mafic lava in the last 500{\textendash}600 years. Eruptive fissures at the volcano summit produced pyroclastic ash that was deposited over an area of at least 8 km2. A systematic spatial distribution of compositions is consistent with a single dike tapping different parts of a thermally and chemically zoned magma reservoir that can be directly related to previous multichannel seismic-imaging results.},
	keywords = {AUV Sentry (Autonomous Underwater Vehicle), ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	doi = {10.1002/2016GL071327},
	author = {Chadwick, W W and Paduan, J B and Clague, D A and Dreyer, B M and Merle, S G and Bobbitt, A M and Caress, D W and Philip, B T and Kelley, D S and Nooner, S L}
}
@article {Govenar2015,
	title = {{Variation in the diets of hydrothermal vent gastropods}},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
	volume = {121},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {193{\textendash}201},
	abstract = {A prevailing paradigm of hydrothermal vent ecology is that primary consumers feed on chemoautotrophic bacteria. However, for the purposes of reconstructing vent food webs and for tracking energy flow from the generation of rock and fluid chemistry through primary/ secondary productivity and consumption to the overlying water column, it remains unclear which consumers feed on which bacteria. In paired analyses of carbon and nitrogen tissue stable isotope values with unique 16S rRNA sequences from the stomach contents, we determined that two species of gastropod grazers appear to feed on epsilon-proteobacteria, while two other species have more diverse diets, including one species that consumes alpha-proteobacteria, planctomycetes, and non-green sulfur bacteria. Different carbon fixation pathways used by epsilon- and alpha-proteobacteria may account for the variation in the carbon stable isotope values among the consumers. Furthermore, our results indicate that trophic specialization and niche partitioning may contribute to the distribution and abundance of vent-endemic gastropods and support the hypothesis that consumers in the warmer habitats commonly feed on epsilon-proteobacteria that use the rTCA cycle, while in the cooler habitats they feed on additional bacteria that use the CBB cycle. These results suggest that the phylogenetic and metabolic diversity of free-living bacteria may play an important and previously overlooked role in facilitating species coexistence among primary consumers at hydrothermal vents and other chemosynthesis-based ecosystems.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2015.06.021},
	author = {Govenar, B W and Fisher, C R and Shank, T M}
}
@article {Rubin2012,
	title = {{Volcanic Eruptions in the Deep Sea}},
	journal = {Oceanography},
	volume = {25},
	number = {1},
	year = {2012},
	month = {mar},
	pages = {142{\textendash}157},
	publisher = {OCEANOGRAPHY SOC},
	address = {ROCKVILLE; P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA},
	abstract = {Volcanic eruptions are important events in Earth{\textquoteright}s cycle of magma generation and crustal construction. Over durations of hours to years, eruptions produce new deposits of lava and/or fragmentary ejecta, transfer heat and magmatic volatiles from Earth{\textquoteright}s interior to the overlying air or seawater, and significantly modify the landscape and perturb local ecosystems. Today and through most of geological history, the greatest number and volume of volcanic eruptions on Earth have occurred in the deep ocean along mid-ocean ridges, near subduction zones, on oceanic plateaus, and on thousands of mid-plate seamounts. However, deep-sea eruptions ({\textgreater} 500~m depth) are much more difficult to detect and observe than subaerial eruptions, so comparatively little is known about them. Great strides have been made in eruption detection, response speed, and observational detail since the first recognition of a deep submarine eruption at a mid-ocean ridge 25 years ago. Studies of ongoing or recent deep submarine eruptions reveal information about their sizes, durations, frequencies, styles, and environmental impacts. Ultimately, magma formation and accumulation in the upper mantle and crust, plus local tectonic stress fields, dictate when, where, and how often submarine eruptions occur, whereas eruption depth, magma composition, conditions of volatile segregation, and tectonic setting determine submarine eruption style.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle), ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {1042-8275},
	doi = {10.5670/oceanog.2012.12},
	author = {Rubin, K H and Soule, S A and Chadwick, W W and Fornari, D J and Clague, D A and Embley, R W and Baker, E T and Perfit, M R and Caress, D W and Dziak, R P}
}
@article {Brandl2012,
	title = {{Volcanism on the flanks of the East Pacific Rise: Quantitative constraints on mantle heterogeneity and melting processes}},
	journal = {Chemical Geology},
	volume = {298{\textendash}299},
	year = {2012},
	month = {feb},
	pages = {41{\textendash}56},
	abstract = {We present major and trace element and Sr, Nd and triple-spike Pb isotope data for 17 fresh volcanic glasses from Seamount 6, a 10-km diameter seamount located 140~km east of the East Pacific Rise at 12{\textdegree}45'N. Geological and geochronological evidence show that magma compositions evolved from tholeiitic basalts to alkalic basalts and basaltic trachyandesites during the 1{\textendash}2~Ma active lifetime of the seamount. Major and trace element compositions in Seamount 6 lavas vary systematically with isotope ratios; the youngest lavas with the highest incompatible trace element concentrations have the highest La/Yb, Nb/Zr, K2O/TiO2, 87Sr/86Sr, 206Pb/204Pb and the lowest 143Nd/144Nd, MgO and CaO. The range in element concentrations, incompatible element ratios, and isotope compositions in Seamount 6 lavas exceeds that observed in lavas erupted at the adjacent ridge axis, and is comparable to the range in lava compositions reported from all near-ridge seamounts studied to date. The observed range in lava compositions is consistent with mixing between enriched and depleted melts at shallow levels in the crust. The inferred difference in composition between these mixing endmembers cannot be explained by variable degrees of melting of a single source composition, and requires that the upper mantle is extremely heterogeneous on the scale of the melting region beneath a single seamount. We can show that the range in composition of EPR seamount lavas cannot be generated by melting of variably heterogeneous mantle in which enriched and depleted materials contribute equally to melting (source mixing). Instead, the trace element and isotope compositions of seamount lavas can be reproduced by melting models in which more enriched, fertile mantle lithologies are preferentially melted during mantle upwelling. At progressively lower degrees of melting, erupted lavas are thus more enriched in incompatible trace elements, have higher La/Yb, K/Ti, 87Sr/86Sr ratios and lower 143Nd/144Nd. If this is a common process, then mantle-derived magmas are unlikely to inherit the average incompatible trace element and isotope composition of their mantle source, which is likely to be significantly more depleted, nor will they display the full range of compositions present in the mantle melting region. These results have implications for the way in which oceanic basalts can be used to infer the composition of the upper mantle.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0009-2541},
	doi = {10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.12.015},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.12.015},
	author = {Brandl, P A and Beier, C and Regelous, M and Abouchami, W and Haase, K M and Garbe-Schonberg, D and Galer, S J G}
}
@article {Seyfried2011,
	title = {{Vent fluid chemistry of the Rainbow Hydrothermal System (36 degrees N, MAR): Phase equilibria and in-situ pH controls on subseafloor alteration processes}},
	journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
	volume = {75},
	number = {6},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {1574{\textendash}1593},
	abstract = {The Rainbow hydrothermal field is located at 36{\textdegree}13.8'N{\textendash}33{\textdegree}54.15'W at 2300~m depth on the western flank of a non-volcanic ridge between the South AMAR and AMAR segments of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The hydrothermal field consists of 10{\textendash}15 active chimneys that emit high-temperature (\~{}365~{\textdegree}C) fluid. In July 2008, vent fluids were sampled during cruise KNOX18RR, providing a rich dataset that extends in time information on subseafloor chemical and physical processes controlling vent fluid chemistry at Rainbow. Data suggest that the Mg concentration of the hydrothermal end-member is not zero, but rather 1.5{\textendash}2~mmol/kg. This surprising result may be caused by a combination of factors including moderately low dissolved silica, low pH, and elevated chloride of the hydrothermal fluid. Combining end-member Mg data with analogous data for dissolved Fe, Si, Al, Ca, and H2, permits calculation of mineral saturation states for minerals thought appropriate for ultramafic-hosted hydrothermal systems at temperatures and pressures in keeping with constraints imposed by field observations. These data indicate that chlorite solid solution, talc, and magnetite achieve saturation in Rainbow vent fluid at a similar pH(T,P) (400~{\textdegree}C, 500~bar) of approximately 4.95, while higher pH values are indicated for serpentine, suggesting that serpentine may not coexist with the former assemblage at depth at Rainbow. The high Fe/Mg ratio of the Rainbow vent fluid notwithstanding, the mole fraction of clinochlore and chamosite components of chlorite solid solution at depth are predicted to be 0.78 and 0.22, respectively. In situ pH measurements made at Rainbow vents are in good agreement with pH(T,P) values estimated from mineral solubility calculations, when the in situ pH data are adjusted for temperature and pressure. Calculations further indicate that pH(T,P) and dissolved H2 are extremely sensitive to changes in dissolved silica owing to constraints imposed by chlorite solid solution-fluid equilibria. Indeed, the predicted correlation between dissolved silica and H2 defines a trend that is in good agreement with vent fluid data from Rainbow and other high-temperature ultramafic-hosted hydrothermal systems. We speculate that the moderate concentrations of dissolved silica in vent fluids from these systems result from hydrothermal alteration of plagioclase and olivine in the form of subsurface gabbroic intrusions, which, in turn are variably replaced by chlorite~+~magnetite~+~talc~{\textpm}~tremolite, with important implications for pH lowering, dissolved sulfide concentrations, and metal mobility.},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {0016-7037},
	doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2011.01.001},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2011.01.001},
	author = {Seyfried, W E and Pester, N J and Ding, K and Rough, M}
}
@article {Wanless2011,
	title = {{Volatile abundances and oxygen isotopes in basaltic to dacitic lavas on mid-ocean ridges: The role of assimilation at spreading centers}},
	journal = {Chemical Geology},
	volume = {287},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {54{\textendash}65},
	abstract = {Most geochemical variability in MOR basalts is consistent with low- to moderate-pressure fractional crystallization of various mantle-derived parental melts. However, our geochemical data from MOR high-silica glasses, including new volatile and oxygen isotope data, suggest that assimilation of altered crustal material plays a significant role in the petrogenesis of dacites and may be important in the formation of basaltic lavas at MOR in general. MOR high-silica andesites and dacites from diverse areas show remarkably similar major element trends, incompatible trace element enrichments, and isotopic signatures suggesting similar processes control their chemistry. In particular, very high Cl and elevated H2O concentrations and relatively light oxygen isotope ratios ({\~{}}~5.8{\textperthousand} vs. expected values of {\~{}}~6.8{\textperthousand}) in fresh dacite glasses can be explained by contamination of magmas from a component of ocean crust altered by hydrothermal fluids. Crystallization of silicate phases and Fe-oxides causes an increase in $δ$18O in residual magma, but assimilation of material initially altered at high temperatures results in lower $δ$18O values. The observed geochemical signatures can be explained by extreme fractional crystallization of a MOR basalt parent combined with partial melting and assimilation (AFC) of amphibole-bearing altered oceanic crust. The MOR dacitic lavas do not appear to be simply the extrusive equivalent of oceanic plagiogranites. The combination of partial melting and assimilation produces a distinct geochemical signature that includes higher incompatible trace element abundances and distinct trace element ratios relative to those observed in plagiogranites.},
	keywords = {ROV DSL-120 (Remotely Operated Vehicle), ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {0009-2541},
	doi = {10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.05.017},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.05.017},
	author = {Wanless, V D and Perfit, M R and Ridley, W I and Wallace, P J and Grimes, C B and Klein, E M}
}
@article {Clague2011,
	title = {{Volcanic morphology of West Mata Volcano, NE Lau Basin, based on high-resolution bathymetry and depth changes}},
	journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
	volume = {12},
	year = {2011},
	month = {nov},
	pages = {QOAF03{\textendash}QOAF03},
	publisher = {AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION},
	address = {WASHINGTON; 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA},
	abstract = {High-resolution (1.5 m) mapping from the autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) D. Allan B. of West Mata Volcano in the northern Lau Basin is used to identify the processes that construct and modify the volcano. The surface consists largely of volcaniclastic debris that forms smooth slopes to the NW and SE, with smaller lava flows forming gently sloping plateaus concentrated along the ENE and WSW rift zones, and more elongate flows radiating from the summit. Two active volcanic vents, Prometheus and Hades, are located \~{}50 and \~{}150 m WSW of the 1159 m summit, respectively, and are slightly NW of the ridgeline so the most abundant clastic deposits are emplaced on the NW flank. This eruptive activity and the location of vents appears to have been persistent for more than a decade, based on comparison of ship-based bathymetric surveys in 1996 and 2008{\textendash}2010, which show positive depth changes up to 96 m on the summit and north flank of the volcano. The widespread distribution of clastic deposits downslope from the rift zones, as well as from the current vents, suggests that pyroclastic activity occurs at least as deep as 2200 m. The similar morphology of additional nearby volcanoes suggests that they too have abundant pyroclastic deposits.},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {1525-2027},
	doi = {10.1029/2011GC003791},
	author = {Clague, D A and Paduan, J B and Caress, D W and Thomas, Hans and Chadwick, W W and Merle, S G}
}
@article {ISI:000275658000010,
	title = {{Vacuolate-attached filaments: highly productive Ridgeia piscesae epibionts at the Juan de Fuca hydrothermal vents}},
	journal = {MARINE BIOLOGY},
	volume = {157},
	number = {4},
	year = {2010},
	month = {apr},
	pages = {791{\textendash}800},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Vacuolate sulfur bacteria with high morphological similarity to vacuolate-attached filaments previously described from shallow hydrothermal vents (White Point, CA) were found at deep-sea hydrothermal vents. These filamentous bacteria grow in dense mats that cover surfaces and potentially provide a significant source of organic carbon where they occur. Vacuolate-attached filaments were collected near vents at the Clam Bed site of the Endeavour Segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge and from the sediment surface at Escanaba Trough on the Gorda Ridge. A phylogenetic analysis comparing their 16S rRNA gene sequences to those collected from the shallow White Point site showed that all vacuolate-attached filament sequences form a monophyletic group within the vacuolate sulfur-oxidizing bacteria clade in the gamma proteobacteria. Abundance of the attached filaments was quantified over the length of the exterior surface of the tubes of Ridgeia piscesae worms collected from the Clam Bed site at Juan de Fuca yielding a per worm average of 0.070 +/- A 0.018 cm(3) (n = 4). In agreement with previous results for White Point filaments, anion measurements by ion chromatography showed no detectable internal nitrate concentrations above ambient seawater (n = 9). For one R. piscesae tube worm {\textquoteleft}{\textquoteleft}bush{\{}{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright}{\}} at the Easter Island vent site, potential gross epibiont productivity is estimated to be 15 to 45x the net productivity of the worms.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0025-3162},
	doi = {10.1007/s00227-009-1362-3},
	author = {Kalanetra, Karen M and Nelson, Douglas C}
}
@mastersthesis {Jensen2009,
	title = {{Variable buoyancy system metric}},
	volume = {M. S.},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {112},
	school = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	type = {phd},
	address = {Cambridge, MA and Woods Hole, MA},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	doi = {10.1575/1912/3033},
	url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1912/3033},
	author = {Jensen, H F}
}
@article {Nooner2009,
	title = {{Volcanic inflation measured in the caldera of Axial Seamount: Implications for magma supply and future eruptions}},
	journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {Q02002},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {1525-2027},
	doi = {10.1029/2008GC002315},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008GC002315},
	author = {Nooner, S L and Chadwick, W W}
}
@article {Ferrini2008,
	title = {{Variable morphologic expression of volcanic, tectonic, and hydrothermal processes at six hydrothermal vent fields in the Lau back-arc basin}},
	journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {Q07022},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {1525-2027},
	doi = {10.1029/2008GC002047},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008GC002047},
	author = {Ferrini, V L and Tivey, M K and Carbotte, S M and Martinez, F and Roman, C}
}
@article {Waite2008,
	title = {{Variation in sulfur speciation with shellfish presence at a Lau Basin diffuse flow vent site}},
	journal = {Journal of Shellfish Research},
	volume = {27},
	number = {1},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {163{\textendash}168},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {0730-8000},
	doi = {10.2983/0730-8000(2008)27[163:VISSWS]2.0.CO;2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2983/0730-8000(2008)27[163:VISSWS]2.0.CO 2},
	author = {Waite, T J and Moore, T S and Childress, J J and Hsu-Kim, H and Mullaugh, K M and Nuzzio, D B and Paschal, A N and Tsang, J and Fisher, C R and Luther, G W}
}
@inbook {Humphris2008,
	title = {{Vehicles for deep-sea exploration}},
	booktitle = {Encyclopedia of ocean sciences},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {4647{\textendash}4659},
	publisher = {Academic Press},
	organization = {Academic Press},
	address = {San Diego, CA},
	keywords = {AUV ABE (Autonomous Benthic Explorer), AUV Sentry (Autonomous Underwater Vehicle), HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle), ROV DSL-120 (Remotely Operated Vehicle), ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	isbn = {9780123744739},
	doi = {10.1016/B978-012374473-9.00734-7},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-012374473-9.00734-7},
	author = {Humphris, S E},
	editor = {Steele, J H}
}
@article {Rathgeber2008,
	title = {{Vertical distribution and characterization of aerobic phototrophic bacteria at the Juan de Fuca Ridge in the Pacific Ocean}},
	journal = {Photosynthesis Research},
	volume = {97},
	number = {3},
	year = {2008},
	month = {sep},
	pages = {235{\textendash}244},
	abstract = {The vertical distribution of culturable anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria was investigated at five sites at or near the Juan de Fuca Ridge in the Pacific Ocean. Twelve similar strains of obligately aerobic phototrophic bacteria were isolated in pure culture, from depths ranging from 500 to 2,379 m below the surface. These strains appear morphologically, physiologically, biochemically, and phylogenetically similar to Citromicrobium bathyomarinum strain JF-1, a bacterium previously isolated from hydrothermal vent plume waters. Only one aerobic phototrophic strain was isolated from surface waters. This strain is morphologically and physiologically distinct from the strains isolated at deeper sampling locations, and phylogenetic analysis indicates that it is most closely related to the genus Erythrobacter. Phototrophs were cultivated from three water casts taken above vents but not from two casts taken away from active vent sites. No culturable anaerobic anoxygenic phototrophs were detected. The photosynthetic apparatus was investigated in strain JF-1 and contains light-harvesting I and reaction center complexes, which are functional under aerobic conditions.},
	issn = {0166-8595},
	doi = {10.1007/s11120-008-9332-z},
	author = {Rathgeber, C and Lince, M T and Alric, J and Lang, Andrew S and Humphrey, E and Blankenship, R E and Vermeglio, A and Plumley, F G and Van Dover, C L and Beatty, J T and Yurkov, V}
}
@article {Chen2008,
	title = {{Vision-based tracking with projective mapping for parameter identification of remotely operated vehicles}},
	journal = {Ocean Engineering},
	volume = {35},
	number = {10},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {983{\textendash}994},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {0029-8018},
	doi = {10.1016/j.oceaneng.2008.03.001},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2008.03.001},
	author = {Chen, H -H}
}
@article {Mullaugh2008,
	title = {{Voltammetric (micro)electrodes for the in situ study of Fe2+ oxidation kinetics in hot springs and S2O3-2- production at hydrothermal vents}},
	journal = {Electroanalysis},
	volume = {20},
	number = {3},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {280{\textendash}290},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {1040-0397},
	doi = {10.1002/elan.200704056},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.200704056},
	author = {Mullaugh, K M and Luther, G W and Ma, S and Moore, T S and Yucel, M and Becker, E L and Podowski, E L and Fisher, C R and Trouwborst, R E and Pierson, B K}
}
@article {Fryer2006,
	title = {{Variability in serpentinite mudflow mechanisms and sources: ODP drilling results on Mariana forearc seamounts}},
	journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {Q08014},
	keywords = {ROV DSL-120 (Remotely Operated Vehicle), ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle), ROV Medea (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {1525-2027},
	doi = {10.1029/2005GC001201},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005GC001201},
	author = {Fryer, P and Gharib, J and Ross, K and Savov, I and Mottl, M J}
}
@article {LeBris2006,
	title = {{Variability of physico-chemical conditions in 9 degrees 50{\textquoteright}N EPR diffuse flow vent habitats}},
	journal = {Marine Chemistry},
	volume = {98},
	number = {2-4},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {167{\textendash}182},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0304-4203},
	doi = {10.1016/j.marchem.2005.08.008},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2005.08.008},
	author = {Le Bris, N and Govenar, B and LeGall, C and Fisher, C R}
}
@article {Reed2006,
	title = {{Vertical distribution and diversity of bacteria and archaea in sulfide and methane-rich cold seep sediments located at the base of the Florida Escarpment}},
	journal = {Extremophiles},
	volume = {10},
	number = {3},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {199{\textendash}211},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {1431-0651},
	doi = {10.1007/s00792-005-0488-6},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00792-005-0488-6},
	author = {Reed, A J and Lutz, R A and Vetriani, C}
}
@mastersthesis {Wichers2005,
	title = {{Verification of numerical models for hydrothermal plume water through field measurements at TAG}},
	volume = {M.S.},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {75},
	school = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	type = {phd},
	address = {Cambridge, Mass. and Woods Hole, Mass.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle), ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	doi = {10.1575/1912/1640},
	url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1912/1640},
	author = {Wichers, S}
}
@article {Mullineaux2005,
	title = {{Vertical, lateral and temporal structure in larval abundance at hydrothermal vents}},
	journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series},
	volume = {293},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {1{\textendash}16},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0171-8630},
	doi = {10.3354/meps293001},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps293001},
	author = {Mullineaux, L S and Mills, S W and Sweetman, A K and Beaudreau, A H and Metaxas, A and Hunt, H L}
}
@article {Wheat2004,
	title = {{Venting formation fluids from deep sea boreholes in a ridge flank setting: ODP Sites 1025 and 1026}},
	journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
	volume = {5},
	number = {8},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {Article no. Q08007},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {1525-2027},
	doi = {10.1029/2004GC000710},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004GC000710},
	author = {Wheat, C G and Jannasch, H W and Kastner, M and Plant, J N and DeCarlo, E H and Lebon, G}
}
@article {Dreyer2004,
	title = {{Vesicomyicola trifurcata, a new genus and species of commensal polychaete (Annelida:Polychaeta:Nautiliniellidae) found in deep-sea clams from the Blake Ridge cold seep}},
	journal = {Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington},
	volume = {117},
	number = {1},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {106{\textendash}113},
	issn = {0006-324X},
	author = {Dreyer, J and Miura, T and Van Dover, C L}
}
@article {Crawford2002,
	title = {{Variations in the distribution of magma in the lower crust and at the Moho beneath the East Pacific Rise at 9 degrees-10 degrees N}},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {203},
	number = {1},
	year = {2002},
	pages = {117{\textendash}130},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0012-821X},
	doi = {10.1016/S0012-821X(02)00831-2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(02)00831-2},
	author = {Crawford, W C and Webb, S C}
}
@article {Sinton2002,
	title = {{Volcanic eruptions on mid-ocean ridges: New evidence from the superfast spreading East Pacific Rise, 17 degrees-19 degrees S}},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
	volume = {107},
	number = {B6},
	year = {2002},
	pages = {Article no. 2115},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle), ROV Argo (Remotely Operated Vehicle), ROV DSL-120 (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {0148-0227},
	doi = {10.1029/2000JB000090},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JB000090},
	author = {Sinton, J and Bergmanis, E and Rubin, K H and Batiza, R and Gregg, T K P and Gronvold, K and Macdonald, K C and White, S M}
}
@article {White2002b,
	title = {{Volcanic mound fields on the East Pacific Rise, 16 degrees -19 degrees S: Low effusion rate eruptions at overlapping spreading centers for the last 1 Myr}},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
	volume = {107},
	number = {B10},
	year = {2002},
	pages = {Article no. 2240},
	keywords = {ROV DSL-120 (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {0148-0227},
	doi = {10.1029/2001JB000483},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001JB000483},
	author = {White, S M and Macdonald, K C and Sinton, J M}
}
@article {White2000,
	title = {{Variations in ambient light emission from black smokers and flange pools on the Juan de Fuca Ridge.}},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {27},
	number = {8},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {1151{\textendash}1154},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1029/1999GL011074},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999GL011074},
	author = {White, S N and Chave, A D and Reynolds, G T and Gaidos, E J and Tyson, J A and Van Dover, C L}
}
@article {Vinogradov2000a,
	title = {{Vertical distribution of zooplankton at the periphery of the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre}},
	journal = {Proceedings of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Biological Series},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {496{\textendash}510},
	issn = {0002-3329},
	author = {Vinogradov, M E and Vereshchaka, A L and Vinigradov, G M and Musaeva, E I}
}
@article {Kurras2000,
	title = {{Volcanic morphology of the East Pacific Rise Crest 9 degrees 49{\textquoteright}-52{\textquoteright}: Implications for volcanic emplacement processes at fast-spreading mid-ocean ridges}},
	journal = {Marine Geophysical Researches},
	volume = {21},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {2000},
	month = {feb},
	pages = {23{\textendash}41},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0025-3235},
	doi = {10.1023/A:1004792202764},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004792202764},
	author = {Kurras, G J and Fornari, D J and Edwards, M H and Perfit, M R and Smith, M C}
}
@article {Fryer1997,
	title = {{Volcanologic and tectonic evolution of the Kasuga seamounts, northern Mariana Trough: Alvin submersible investigations}},
	journal = {Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research},
	volume = {79},
	number = {3},
	year = {1997},
	pages = {277{\textendash}311},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0377-0273},
	doi = {10.1016/S0377-0273(97)00013-9},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(97)00013-9},
	author = {Fryer, P and Gill, G B and Jackson, M C}
}
@article {Macdonald1996,
	title = {{Volcanic growth faults and the origin of Pacific abyssal hills}},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {380},
	number = {6570},
	year = {1996},
	pages = {125{\textendash}129},
	issn = {0028-0836},
	doi = {10.1038/380125a0},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/380125a0},
	author = {Macdonald, K C and Fox, P J and Alexander, R T and Pockalny, R and Gente, P}
}
@article {Fornari1995,
	title = {{Visualizing the deep sea - vehicles and research techniques yield ever-clearer images of the ocean depths}},
	journal = {Oceanus},
	volume = {38},
	number = {1},
	year = {1995},
	pages = {10{\textendash}13},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle), ROV Argo (Remotely Operated Vehicle), ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {0029-8182},
	author = {Fornari, D J and Bowen, A M and Foster, D B}
}
@article {Embley1994,
	title = {{Volcanic and hydrothermal processes associated with a recent phase of seafloor spreading at the northern Cleft segment: Juan de Fuca Ridge}},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
	volume = {99},
	number = {B3},
	year = {1994},
	pages = {4741{\textendash}4760},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0148-0227},
	doi = {10.1029/93JB02038},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/93JB02038},
	author = {Embley, R W and Chadwick, W W}
}
@inbook {Ross1994,
	title = {{Volcanic geomorphology of the SESCA and NESCA sites, Escanaba Trough}},
	booktitle = {Geologic, hydrothermal, and biologic studies at Escanaba Trough, Gorda Ridge, offshore Northern California},
	series = {USGS Bulletin},
	number = {2022},
	year = {1994},
	pages = {143{\textendash}151},
	publisher = {U.S. Geological Survey},
	organization = {U.S. Geological Survey},
	address = {Reston, Va.},
	author = {Ross, S L and Zierenberg, R A},
	editor = {Morton, J L}
}
@article {Tivey1993,
	title = {{Variations in oceanic crustal structure and the implications for the fine-scale magnetic anomaly signal}},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {20},
	number = {17},
	year = {1993},
	pages = {1879{\textendash}1882},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1029/93GL01485},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/93GL01485},
	author = {Tivey, M A and Johnson, H P}
}
@article {Gillis1993,
	title = {{A view of the lower crustal component of hydrothermal systems at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge}},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
	volume = {98},
	number = {B11},
	year = {1993},
	pages = {19,519{\textendash}597,619},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0148-0227},
	doi = {10.1029/93JB01717},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/93JB01717},
	author = {Gillis, K M and Thonpson, G and Kelley, D S}
}
@article {Haymon1993,
	title = {{Volcanic eruption of the mid-ocean ridge along the East Pacific Rise crest at 9 degrees 45-52{\textquoteright}N: Direct submersible observations of seafloor phenomena associated with an eruption event in April 1991}},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {119},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {1993},
	pages = {85{\textendash}101},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0012-821X},
	doi = {10.1016/0012-821X(93)90008-W},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(93)90008-W},
	author = {Haymon, R and Fornari, D J and Von Damm, K L and Lilley, M and Perfit, M and Edmond, J and Shanks, W and Lutz, R and Grebmeier, J M and Carbotte, S and Wright, D and McLaughlin, E and Smith, M and Beedle, N and Olson, E}
}
@article {Lagabrielle1992,
	title = {{Vema fracture zone (central Atlantic); tectonic and magmatic evolution of the median ridge and the eastern ridge-transform intersection domain}},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
	volume = {97},
	number = {B12},
	year = {1992},
	pages = {17,317{\textendash}331,351},
	issn = {0148-0227},
	doi = {10.1029/92JB01086},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/92JB01086},
	author = {Lagabrielle, Y and Mamaloukas-Frangoulis, V and Cannat, M and Auzende, J M and Honnorez, J and M{\'e}vel, C and Bonatti, E}
}
@article {Stewart1992,
	title = {{Visualization resources and strategies for remote subsea exploration}},
	journal = {Visual Computer},
	volume = {8},
	number = {5-6},
	year = {1992},
	pages = {361{\textendash}379},
	issn = {0178-2789},
	doi = {10.1007/BF01897122},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01897122},
	author = {Stewart, W K}
}
@article {Lilley1992,
	title = {{Volatiles in the 9N hydrothermal system: a comparison of 1991 and 1992 data}},
	journal = {EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
	volume = {73},
	number = {43 (Fall Meeting Suppl.)},
	year = {1992},
	pages = {524},
	issn = {0096-3941},
	author = {Lilley, M D and Olson, E J and Lupton, J E and Von Damm, K L}
}
@article {Hochstaedter1990a,
	title = {{Volcanism in the Sumisu Rift I: Major element, volatile and stable isotope geochemistry}},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {100},
	number = {1-3},
	year = {1990},
	pages = {179{\textendash}194},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0012-821X},
	doi = {10.1016/0012-821X(90)90184-Y},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(90)90184-Y},
	author = {Hochstaedter, A G and Gill, J B and Kusakabe, M and Newman, S and Pringle, M and Taylor, B and Fryer, P}
}
@article {Hochstaedter1990,
	title = {{Volcanism in the Sumisu Rift II: Subduction and non-subduction related components}},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {100},
	number = {1-3},
	year = {1990},
	pages = {195{\textendash}209},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0012-821X},
	doi = {10.1016/0012-821X(90)90185-Z},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(90)90185-Z},
	author = {Hochstaedter, A G and Gill, J B and Morris, J D}
}
@article {Fisher1988,
	title = {{Variation in the hydrothermal vent clam, Calyptogena magnifica, at Rose Garden vent on the Galapagos Spreading center}},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers},
	volume = {35},
	number = {10-11},
	year = {1988},
	pages = {1811{\textendash}1832},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0198-0149},
	doi = {10.1016/0198-0149(88)90051-9},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(88)90051-9},
	author = {Fisher, C R and Childress, J J and Arp, A J and Brooks, J M and Distel, D L and Dugan, J A and Felbeck, H and Fritz, L W and Hessler, R R and Johnson, K S and Kennicutt, M C and Lutz, R A and Macko, S A and Newton, A and Powell, M A and Somero, G N and Soto, T}
}
@article {Brown1988,
	title = {{Variations in axial processes on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge: the median valley of the MARK area}},
	journal = {Marine Geophysical Researches},
	volume = {10},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {1988},
	pages = {109{\textendash}138},
	issn = {0025-3235},
	doi = {10.1007/BF02424663},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02424663},
	author = {Brown, J R and Karson, J A}
}
@article {Aggrey1988,
	title = {{Volatile abundances in basaltic glasses from seamounts flanking the East Pacific Rise at 21 degrees N and 12 -14 degrees N}},
	journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
	volume = {52},
	number = {8},
	year = {1988},
	pages = {2115{\textendash}2119},
	abstract = {Volatiles in glasses from seamounts flanking the East Pacific Rise (EPR) in the vicinity of 21{\textdegree}N and 12{\textendash}14{\textdegree}N were analyzed by high-temperature mass spectrometry. Compared to mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) magmas erupted at the spreading axis of the EPR at 21{\textdegree}N, the seamount magmas are commonly enriched in H2O, Cl, F and S (at the same Mg{\#}). Water and Cl abundances range from 0.111 to 1.021 wt.{\%} and 0.003 to 0.226 wt.{\%}, respectively. The wide range in abundances is consistent with the diversity of magmas erupted by these seamounts as indicated previously from major and rare-earth element data. H2O shows a strong linear positive correlation with K2O content [H2O = 0.45 ({\textpm}0.04) K2O + 0.22 ({\textpm}0.03) with RMS error of 0.09]. Based on -ratios and K2O abundances the glasses separate into three distinct groups: highly volatile-enriched alkalic/transitional, enriched tholeiitic, and depleted tholeiitic. Ratio-ratio plots of incompatible elements ( vs. ) indicate that these seamount magmas can all be related by the mixing of enriched and depleted source materials.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0016-7037},
	doi = {10.1016/0016-7037(88)90191-3},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(88)90191-3},
	author = {Aggrey, K E and Muenow, D W and Batiza, R}
}
@mastersthesis {Brown1987,
	title = {{Variations in volcanic processes along the median valley of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 22 degrees 50{\textquoteright}N to 23 degrees 40{\textquoteright}N}},
	volume = {M.S.},
	year = {1987},
	pages = {118},
	school = {Duke University},
	type = {phd},
	address = {Durham, N.C.},
	author = {Brown, J R}
}
@article {Morton1987,
	title = {{Volcanism and massive sulfide formation at a sedimented spreading center, Escanaba Trough, Gorda Ridge, northeast Pacific Ocean}},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {14},
	number = {7},
	year = {1987},
	pages = {769{\textendash}772},
	issn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1029/GL014i007p00769},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/GL014i007p00769},
	author = {Morton, J L and Holmes, M L and Koski, R A}
}
@article {Byers1983,
	title = {{Volatiles in basalts and andesites from the Galapagos Spreading Center, 85 degrees to 86 degrees W}},
	journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
	volume = {47},
	number = {9},
	year = {1983},
	pages = {1551{\textendash}1558},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0016-7037},
	doi = {10.1016/0016-7037(83)90181-3},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(83)90181-3},
	author = {Byers, C D and Muenow, D W and Garcia, M O}
}
@article {Simon1981,
	title = {{Vent fish: Alvin{\textquoteright}s unexpected catch}},
	journal = {Science News},
	volume = {120},
	number = {December 12},
	year = {1981},
	pages = {374},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0036-8423},
	author = {Simon, C}
}
@article {Crane1981,
	title = {{Volcanics and structure of the FAMOUS Narrowgate Rift: Evidence for cyclic evolution: AMAR 1}},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
	volume = {86},
	number = {B6},
	year = {1981},
	pages = {5112{\textendash}5124},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0148-0227},
	doi = {10.1029/JB086iB06p05112},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/JB086iB06p05112},
	author = {Crane, K and Ballard, R D}
}
@book {Heirtzler1979,
	title = {{A visit to the New England Seamounts}},
	series = {WHOI technical reports},
	volume = {79-17},
	year = {1979},
	pages = {7},
	publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	organization = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	address = {Woods Hole, Mass.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	author = {Heirtzler, J R and Taylor, P T and Ballard, R D and Houghton, R L}
}
@inbook {Ballard1979,
	title = {{Volcanic, tectonic, and hydrothermal processes of the Mid-Ocean Ridge system and their relationship to the future exploitation of the deep-sea}},
	booktitle = {Marine Sciences and Ocean Policy Symposium: A Definition of the Issues and a Search for a Consensus on Multiple Uses: A Symposium on the Occasion of the Inauguration of Robert A. Huttenback as Chancellor, University of California at Santa Barbara},
	year = {1979},
	publisher = {University of California, Santa Barbara},
	organization = {University of California, Santa Barbara},
	address = {Santa Barbara, Calif.},
	isbn = {0937202002},
	author = {Ballard, R D},
	editor = {Simonett, D S}
}
@article {Heirtzler1977,
	title = {{A visit to the New England seamounts}},
	journal = {American Scientist},
	volume = {65},
	number = {4},
	year = {1977},
	pages = {466{\textendash}472},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0003-0996},
	author = {Heirtzler, J R and Taylor, P T and Ballard, R D and Houghton, R L}
}
@article {Hekinian1976,
	title = {{Volcanic rocks and processes of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge rift valley near 36 degrees 49{\textquoteright} N}},
	journal = {Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology},
	volume = {58},
	number = {1},
	year = {1976},
	pages = {83{\textendash}110},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0010-7999},
	doi = {10.1007/BF00384746},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00384746},
	author = {Hekinian, R and Moore, J G and Bryan, W B}
}
@book {Ellinthorpe1969,
	title = {{A visual ocean bottom survey off the island of Santa Maria, Azores}},
	year = {1969},
	pages = {15},
	publisher = {U.S. Navy Underwater Sound Lab},
	organization = {U.S. Navy Underwater Sound Lab},
	address = {New London, Conn.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	author = {Ellinthorpe, A W and Malone, R G}
}
@article {Edwards1968,
	title = {{The view from a storied sub: The Alvin off Norfolk, Va.}},
	journal = {Commercial Fisheries Review},
	volume = {30},
	number = {8-9},
	year = {1968},
	pages = {48{\textendash}55},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0010-2989},
	author = {Edwards, R L and Emery, K O}
}
@book {Breaker1967,
	title = {{The variability of bottom reflected signals using the deep research vehicle Alvin}},
	series = {Informal Report},
	year = {1967},
	pages = {26},
	publisher = {Naval Oceanographic Office},
	organization = {Naval Oceanographic Office},
	address = {Washington, D.C.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	url = {http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/AD669897},
	author = {Breaker, L C and Winokur, R S}
}
@article {Galantin1965,
	title = {{Vehicles for deep ocean technology}},
	journal = {Shipmate},
	volume = {28},
	number = {5},
	year = {1965},
	pages = {24{\textendash}29},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0488-6720},
	author = {Galantin, I J}
}
