@article {Deschamps2013,
	title = {{Waning magmatic activity along the Southern Explorer Ridge revealed through fault restoration of rift topography}},
	journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
	volume = {14},
	number = {5},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {1609{\textendash}1625},
	abstract = {We combine high-resolution bathymetry acquired using the Autonomous Underwater Vehicle ABE with digital seafloor imagery collected using the remotely operated vehicle ROPOS across the axial valley of the Southern Explorer Ridge (SER) to infer the recent volcanic and tectonic processes. The SER is an intermediate spreading ridge located in the northeast Pacific. It hosts the Magic Mountain hydrothermal vent. We reconstruct the unfaulted seafloor terrain at SER based on calculations of the vertical displacement field and fault parameters. The vertical changes between the initial and the restored topographies reflect the integrated effects of volcanism and tectonism on relief-forming processes over the last 11,000{\textendash}14,000 years. The restored topography indicates that the axial morphology evolved from a smooth constructional dome {\textgreater}500 m in diameter, to a fault-bounded graben, {\~{}}500 m wide and 30{\textendash}70 m deep. This evolution has been accompanied by changes in eruptive rate, with deposition of voluminous lobate and sheet flows when the SER had a domed morphology, and limited-extent low-effusion rate pillow eruptions during graben development. Most of the faults shaping the present axial valley postdate the construction of the dome. Our study supports a model of cyclic volcanism at the SER with periods of effusive eruptions flooding the axial rift, centered on the broad plateau at the summit of the ridge, followed by a decrease in eruptive activity and a subsequent dominance of tectonic processes, with minor low-effusion rate eruptions confined to the axial graben. The asymmetric shape of the axial graben supports an increasing role of extensional processes, with a component of simple shear in the spreading processes.},
	keywords = {AUV ABE (Autonomous Benthic Explorer)},
	issn = {1525-2027},
	doi = {10.1002/ggge.20110},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ggge.20110},
	author = {Deschamps, A and Tivey, M A and Chadwick, W W and Embley, R W}
}
@article {ISI:000314891500014,
	title = {{Why Orange Guaymas Basin Beggiatoa spp. Are Orange: Single-Filament-Genome-Enabled Identification of an Abundant Octaheme Cytochrome with Hydroxylamine Oxidase, Hydrazine Oxidase, and Nitrite Reductase Activities}},
	journal = {APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY},
	volume = {79},
	number = {4},
	year = {2013},
	month = {feb},
	pages = {1183{\textendash}1190},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Orange, white, and yellow vacuolated Beggiatoaceae filaments are visually dominant members of microbial mats found near sea floor hydrothermal vents and cold seeps, with orange filaments typically concentrated toward the mat centers. No marine vacuolate Beggiatoaceae are yet in pure culture, but evidence to date suggests they are nitrate-reducing, sulfide-oxidizing bacteria. The nearly complete genome sequence of a single orange Beggiatoa ({\{}{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright}{\}}Candidatus Maribeggiatoa{\{}{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright}{\}}) filament from a microbial mat sample collected in 2008 at a hydrothermal site in Guaymas Basin (Gulf of California, Mexico) was recently obtained. From this sequence, the gene encoding an abundant soluble orange-pigmented protein in Guaymas Basin mat samples (collected in 2009) was identified by microcapillary reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) nano-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (mu LC-MS-MS) of a pigmented band excised from a denaturing polyacrylamide gel. The predicted protein sequence is related to a large group of octaheme cytochromes whose few characterized representatives are hydroxylamine or hydrazine oxidases. The protein was partially purified and shown by in vitro assays to have hydroxylamine oxidase, hydrazine oxidase, and nitrite reductase activities. From what is known of Beggiatoaceae physiology, nitrite reduction is the most likely in vivo role of the octaheme protein, but future experiments are required to confirm this tentative conclusion. Thus, while present-day genomic and proteomic techniques have allowed precise identification of an abundant mat protein, and its potential activities could be assayed, proof of its physiological role remains elusive in the absence of a pure culture that can be genetically manipulated.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0099-2240},
	doi = {10.1128/AEM.02538-12},
	author = {MacGregor, Barbara J and Biddle, Jennifer F and Siebert, Jason R and Staunton, Eric and Hegg, Eric L and Matthysse, Ann G and Teske, Andreas}
}
@article {Thiel2012,
	title = {{Widespread occurrence of two carbon fixation pathways in tubeworm endosymbionts: lessons from hydrothermal vent associated tubeworms from the Mediterranean Sea}},
	journal = {Frontiers in Microbiology},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {423},
	abstract = {Vestimentiferan tubeworms (siboglinid polychetes) of the genus Lamellibrachia are common members of cold seep faunal communities and have also been found at sedimented hydrothermal vent sites in the Pacific. As they lack a digestive system, they are nourished by chemoautotrophic bacterial endosymbionts growing in a specialized tissue called the trophosome. Here we present the results of investigations of tubeworms and endosymbionts from a shallow hydrothermal vent field in the Western Mediterranean Sea. The tubeworms, which are the first reported vent-associated tubeworms outside the Pacific, are identified as Lamellibrachia anaximandri using mitochondrial ribosomal and cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene sequences. They harbor a single gammaproteobacterial endosymbiont. Carbon isotopic data, as well as the analysis of genes involved in carbon and sulfur metabolism indicate a sulfide-oxidizing chemoautotrophic endosymbiont. The detection of a hydrogenase gene fragment suggests the potential for hydrogen oxidation as alternative energy source. Surprisingly, the endosymbiont harbors genes for two different carbon fixation pathways, the Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) cycle as well as the reductive tricarboxylic acid (rTCA) cycle, as has been reported for the endosymbiont of the vent tubeworm Riftia pachyptila. In addition to RubisCO genes we detected ATP citrate lyase (ACL {\textendash} the key enzyme of the rTCA cycle) type II gene sequences using newly designed primer sets. Comparative investigations with additional tubeworm species (Lamellibrachia luymesi, Lamellibrachia sp. 1, Lamellibrachia sp. 2, Escarpia laminata, Seepiophila jonesi) from multiple cold seep sites in the Gulf of Mexico revealed the presence of acl genes in these species as well. Thus, our study suggests that the presence of two different carbon fixation pathways, the CBB cycle and the rTCA cycle, is not restricted to the Riftia endosymbiont, but rather might be common in vestimentiferan tubeworm endosymbionts, regardless of the habitat.},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2012.00423},
	author = {Thiel, Vera and Hugler, M and Bl{\"u}mel, M and Baumann, H I and G{\"a}rtner, A and Schmaljohann, R and Strauss, H and Garbe-Schonberg, D and Petersen, S and Cowart, D A and Fisher, C R and Imhoff, J F}
}
@article {Brooke2009,
	title = {{Where do the embryos of Riftia pachyptila develop? Pressure tolerances, temperature tolerances, and buoyancy during prolonged embryonic dispersal}},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research. Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
	volume = {56},
	number = {19-20},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {1599{\textendash}1606},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0967-0645},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2009.05.003},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2009.05.003},
	author = {Brooke, S D and Young, C M}
}
@article {Clague2009,
	title = {{Widespread strombolian eruptions of mid-ocean ridge basalt}},
	journal = {Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research},
	volume = {180},
	number = {2-4},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {171{\textendash}188},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle), ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {0377-0273},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.08.007},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.08.007},
	author = {Clague, D A and Paduan, J B and Davis, A S}
}
@article {Garcia2008,
	title = {{Widespread secondary volcanism near northern Hawaiian Islands}},
	journal = {EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
	volume = {89},
	number = {52},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {542{\textendash}543},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {0096-3941},
	doi = {10.1029/2008EO520002},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008EO520002},
	author = {Garcia, M O and Ito, G and Weis, D and Geist, D J and Swinnard, L and Bianco, T and Flinders, A and Taylor, B and Appelgate, B and Blay, C and Hanano, D and Silva, I N and Naumann, T and Maerschalk, C and Harpp, K S and Christensen, B and Sciaroni, L and Tagami, T and Yamasaki, S}
}
@article {Nevala2006a,
	title = {{What{\textquoteright}s white, long-armed, shaggy-but not abominable?}},
	journal = {Oceanus},
	volume = {45},
	number = {2},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {11},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0029-8182},
	url = {http://www.whoi.edu/oceanus/viewArticle.do?id=12327{\&}archives=true},
	author = {Nevala, A E}
}
@article {Cormier2003,
	title = {{Waxing and waning volcanism along the East Pacific Rise on the millennium time scale}},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {31},
	number = {7},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {633{\textendash}636},
	keywords = {AUV ABE (Autonomous Benthic Explorer), HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0091-7613},
	doi = {10.1130/0091-7613(2003)031<0633:WAWVAT>2.0.CO;2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2003)031{\%}3C0633:WAWVAT{\%}3E2.0.CO 2},
	author = {Cormier, M -H and Ryan, W B F and Shah, A K and Lin, W A and Bradley, A M and Yoerger, D R}
}
@article {Jungclaus2001,
	title = {{A web-based distributive aimulator for the Alvin deep submersible vehicle}},
	journal = {Computer Graphics Topics},
	volume = {13},
	number = {4},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {21{\textendash}22},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	url = {http://www.inigraphics.net/press/topics/2001/issue4/4{\_}01a08.pdf},
	author = {Jungclaus, J and Barton, R J and Encarnacao, L M}
}
@article {Mottl1998,
	title = {{Warm springs discovered on 3.5 Ma oceanic crust, eastern flank of the Juan de Fuca Ridge}},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {26},
	number = {1},
	year = {1998},
	pages = {51{\textendash}54},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0091-7613},
	doi = {10.1130/0091-7613(1998)026<0051:WSDOMO>2.3.CO;2},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1998)026{\%}3C0051:WSDOMO{\%}3E2.3.CO 2},
	author = {Mottl, M J and Wheat, G and Baker, E and Davis, E and Feely, R and Grehan, A and Kadko, D and Lilley, M and Massoth, G and Moyer, C and Sansone, F}
}
@article {Kobayashi1997,
	title = {{Why is the Palau Trench so deep? Deep-sea trench without plate convergence}},
	journal = {Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B: Physical and Biological Sciences},
	volume = {73},
	number = {6},
	year = {1997},
	pages = {89{\textendash}94},
	issn = {0386-2208},
	author = {Kobayashi, K and Fujioka, K and Fujiwara, T and Iwabuchi, Y and Kitazato, H}
}
@article {164,
	title = {{Woods Hole launches new era with R/V Atlantis}},
	journal = {Sea Technology},
	volume = {38},
	number = {12},
	year = {1997},
	pages = {69{\textendash}71},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0093-3651}
}
@article {Bendel1993,
	title = {{The White Lady hydrothermal field, North Fiji back-arc basin, Southeast Pacific}},
	journal = {Economic Geology},
	volume = {88},
	number = {8},
	year = {1993},
	pages = {2233{\textendash}2245},
	issn = {0361-0128},
	doi = {10.2113/gsecongeo.88.8.2237},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.88.8.2237},
	author = {Bendel, V and Fouquet, Y and Auzende, J M and Lagabrielle, Y and Grimaud, D and Urabe, T}
}
@article {Bowen1993,
	title = {{Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution{\textquoteright}s operational unmanned vehicle systems; a description of capabilities}},
	journal = {EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
	volume = {74},
	number = {43 (Fall Meet. Suppl.)},
	year = {1993},
	pages = {561},
	issn = {0096-3941},
	author = {Bowen, A D}
}
@article {Smith1992,
	title = {{Whale falls: Chemosynthesis on the deep seafloor}},
	journal = {Oceanus},
	volume = {35},
	number = {3},
	year = {1992},
	pages = {74{\textendash}78},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0029-8182},
	author = {Smith, C R}
}
@article {Sigurdsson1992,
	title = {{Working with Jason in the Galapagos}},
	journal = {Maritimes},
	volume = {36},
	number = {1},
	year = {1992},
	pages = {13{\textendash}15},
	keywords = {ROV Jason (Remotely Operated Vehicle)},
	issn = {0025-3472},
	author = {Sigurdsson, H}
}
@book {Kaharl1990,
	title = {{Waterbaby: The story of Alvin}},
	year = {1990},
	pages = {400},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	organization = {Oxford University Press},
	address = {New York, NY},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	isbn = {0-19-506191-8},
	author = {Kaharl, V A}
}
@article {RN2409,
	title = {Waterfront Damage Repair for Amphibious and Advanced Bases},
	year = {1988},
	type = {Journal Article},
	doi = {10.21236/ada190694},
	url = {https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1127448324},
	author = {Rockville, Mar Inc}
}
@book {1046,
	title = {{Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution management plan for the Submersible Engineering and Operations Group}},
	series = {WHOI technical memoranda},
	year = {1986},
	pages = {var. p.},
	publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	organization = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	address = {Woods Hole, Mass.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)}
}
@book {Akens1984,
	title = {{Woods Hole FORTH}},
	series = {WHOI technical reports},
	volume = {84-46},
	year = {1984},
	pages = {290},
	publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	organization = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	address = {Woods Hole, Mass.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	author = {Akens, J J}
}
@book {Sharp1982,
	title = {{Weight and Stability of DSRV Alvin: 1981-1982}},
	series = {WHOI technical memoranda},
	year = {1982},
	pages = {var. p.},
	publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	organization = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	address = {Woods Hole, Mass.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	author = {Sharp, A G}
}
@article {Neumann1981,
	title = {{Waulsortian mounds and lithoherms compared}},
	journal = {AAPG Bulletin},
	volume = {65},
	number = {5},
	year = {1981},
	pages = {965},
	issn = {0149-1423},
	author = {Neumann, A C}
}
@book {Sharp1981,
	title = {{Weight and stability of DSRV Alvin: 1980}},
	series = {WHOI technical memoranda},
	volume = {2-81},
	year = {1981},
	pages = {var. p.},
	publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	organization = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	address = {Woods Hole, Mass.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	author = {Sharp, A G}
}
@book {Sharp1978,
	title = {{Weight and stability of DSRV Alvin: 1978}},
	series = {WHOI technical memoranda},
	year = {1978},
	pages = {var. p.},
	publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	organization = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	address = {Woods Hole, Mass.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	author = {Sharp, A G}
}
@article {Turner1977,
	title = {{Wood, mollusks and deep sea food chains}},
	journal = {Bulletin of the American Malacological Union},
	year = {1977},
	pages = {13{\textendash}19},
	issn = {0096-5537},
	author = {Turner, R D}
}
@article {Ballard1976b,
	title = {{Window on Earth{\textquoteright}s interior}},
	journal = {National Geographic Magazine},
	volume = {150},
	year = {1976},
	pages = {228{\textendash}249},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0027-9358},
	author = {Ballard, R D}
}
@article {Turner1973,
	title = {{Wood-boring bivalves, opportunistic species in the deep sea}},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {180},
	number = {4093},
	year = {1973},
	pages = {1377{\textendash}1379},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0036-8075},
	doi = {10.1126/science.180.4093.1377},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.180.4093.1377},
	author = {Turner, R D}
}
@book {Sharp1968,
	title = {{Weight, buoyancy and stabiltiy of DSRV Alvin, 1967}},
	series = {WHOI technical memoranda},
	year = {1968},
	pages = {var. p.},
	publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	organization = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	address = {Woods Hole, Mass.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	author = {Sharp, A G and Winget, C L}
}
@book {Mavor1965,
	title = {{Weight, buoyancy and stability of the research submarine Alvin}},
	series = {WHOI technical memoranda},
	year = {1965},
	pages = {45},
	publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	organization = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	address = {Woods Hole, Mass.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	author = {Mavor, J W}
}
@book {1602,
	title = {{WHOI comments on DSRV Alvin design}},
	series = {WHOI technical memoranda},
	year = {1965},
	pages = {10},
	publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	organization = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	address = {Woods Hole, Mass.},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)}
}
@article {1540,
	title = {{WHOI commissions Alvin}},
	journal = {Undersea Technology},
	volume = {5},
	number = {7},
	year = {1964},
	pages = {20},
	keywords = {HOV Alvin (Human Occupied Vehicle)},
	issn = {0041-6533}
}
